Systemic lupus erythematosus with multicentric reticulohistiocytosis: A case report

BACKGROUND Multicentric reticulohistiocytosis(MRH)/systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE) overlap syndrome is an uncommon disease in the clinic and is diagnosed through characteristic clinical manifestations, histopathology, and immunopathology. Here, we report the case of a 30-year-old woman with SLE who developed MRH.CASE SUMMARY A 30-year-old woman with a history of polyarthritis for the past 12 years had multiple skin nodules on her body for 10 years, including the sacrococcygeal area, dorsum of the hands, interphalangeal joint of the feet and sternoclavicular joint. The histopathology of a biopsy of the distal interphalangeal joint of the hands revealed granulomatous inflammation, fibrous hyperplasia with ground-glass degeneration, inflammatory cell exudation and focal necrosis. The immunohistochemical stains showed positive staining for CD68 and negative staining for S100 and acid-fast staining. The patient was diagnosed with SLE with MRH. Her symptoms were improved after a combined treatment of prednisone, hydroxychloroquine and cyclophosphamide.CONCLUSION MRH/SLE overlap syndrome is difficult to diagnose and treat. Cyclophosphamide may be an alternative choice for the treatment of MRH.

Is breast conservative surgery a reasonable option in multifocal or multicentric tumors?

The incidence of multifocal(MF) and multicentric(MC) carcinomas varies widely among clinical studies,depending on definitions and methods for pathological sampling.Magnetic resonance imaging is increasingly used because it can help identify additional and conventionally occult tumors with high sensitivity.However,false positive lesions might incorrectly influence treatment decisions.Therefore,preoperative biopsies must be performed to avoid unnecessary surgery.Most studies have shown higher lymph node involvement rates in MF/MC tumors than in unifocal tumors.However,the rate of local recurrences is usually low after breast conservative treatment(BCT) of MC/MF tumors.It has been suggested that BCT is a reasonable option for MC/MF tumors in women aged 50-69 years,with small tumors and absence of extensive ductal carcinoma in situ.A metaanalysis showed an apparent decreased overall survival in MC/MF tumors but data are controversial.Surgery should achieve both acceptable cosmetic results and negative margins,which requires thorough preoperative radiological workup and localization of lesions.Boost radiotherapy techniques must be evaluated since double boosts might result in increased toxicity,namely fibrosis.In conclusion,BCT is feasible in selected patients with MC/MF but the choice of surgery must be discussed in a multidisciplinary team comprising at least radiologists,surgeons and radiotherapists.

Strategy for improving survival and reducing recurrence of HCV-related hepatocellular carcinoma

Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is the sixth most common cancer and the third leading cause of cancerrelated death in the world.With advances in imaging diagnostics,accompanied by better understanding of high-risk patients,HCC is now frequently detected at an early stage;however,the prognosis remains poor.The recurrence rate after treatment of HCC is higher than that associated with cancers of other organs.This may be because of the high incidence of intrahepatic distant recurrence and multicentric recurrence,especially with hepatitis C virus(HCV)-related hepatocellular carcinoma.The Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer(BCLC)classification has recently emerged as the standard classification system for the clinical management of patients with HCC.According to the BCLC staging system,curative therapies(resection,transplantation,transcatheter arterial chemoembolization,percutaneous ethanol injection therapy,percutaneous microwave coagulation therapy and percutaneous radiofrequency ablation)can improve survival in HCC patients diagnosed at an early stage and offer a potential long-term cure.However,treatment strategies for recurrent disease are not mentioned in the BCLC classsification.The strategy for recurrence may differ according to the recurrence pattern,i.e.,intrahepatic distant recurrence vs multicentricrecurrence.In this article,we review recurrent HCC and the therapeutic strategies for reducing recurrent HCC,especially HCV-related HCC.

Unicentric Castleman disease was misdiagnosed as pancreatic mass:A case report

BACKGROUND Castleman’s disease(CD)is a lymphatic proliferative disorder of unknown cause and is rarely seen clinically.It has been divided into unicentric and multicentric types.Unicentric CD(UCD)occurs as a solitary enlarged mass and mediastinal lymph nodes are the most common site.Surgical excision has proven to be curative for UCD.Multicentric CD(MCD)appears as a systemic disease with peripheral lymphadenopathy.MCD had a poor response to surgery and monoclonal antibodies with rituximab have become a research hotspot.CASE SUMMARY A 44-year-old woman presented with a pancreatic mass during routine physical examination.She had no obvious symptoms,such as fever,abdominal pain,abdominal distension,or jaundice.Ultrasound examination indicated a hypoechoic mass between the body of the pancreas,left lobe of the liver and stomach.It had a clear boundary,irregular shape,uneven echo,and no obvious blood flow signals.To clarify the diagnosis,contrast-enhanced ultrasound examination was performed,which showed a benign pancreatic lesion.Neuroendocrine or solid pseudopapillary tumor was a possible diagnosis.The patient underwent further contrast-enhanced computed tomography and contrastenhanced magnetic resonance imaging,which were suggestive of solid pseudopapillary tumor or neuroendocrine tumor.All the examinations failed to give a definitive diagnosis,and the patient underwent surgery.The final pathological and immunohistochemical results showed that the mass was CD.CONCLUSION This case highlights when lymphadenopathy is encountered clinically,CD should be considered and a biopsy should be performed.

Idiopathic multicentric Castleman disease with pulmonary and cutaneous lesions treated with tocilizumab:A case report

BACKGROUND Human herpes virus-8(HHV-8)-negative,idiopathic multicentric Castleman disease(iMCD)is a rare and life-threatening disorder driven by proinflammatory cytokines,which is still poorly understood.Pulmonary parenchyma lesion is a rare condition in iMCD,which mainly manifests as lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia and is an indicator of severe iMCD.Cutaneous lesion is also very rare and mainly occurs in Asians.There have been few reports of iMCD patients with both skin and lung parenchyma involvement.CASE SUMMARY We present a Chinese man who complained about a 3-year history of intermittent dry cough and a 2-year history of diffuse reddish-brown maculopapules.Laboratory examination revealed polyclonal hypergammaglobulinemia and hypercytokinemia including interleukin 6.Chest computed tomography revealed small patchy shadows with ground-glass nodules scattered in two lobes and mediastinal lymphadenopathy.The pathological result of the lymph node was consistent with the plasma cell type of Castleman disease.As serum human immunodeficiency virus test and HHV-8 staining of the lymph node were negative,the patient was finally diagnosed with HHV-8 negative i MCD.He was treated with tocilizumab at an intravenous(i.v.)dose of 8 mg/kg every 2 wk combined with methylprednisolone at an i.v.dose of 80 mg/d initially with gradual dose tapering.Partial remission was achieved 9 mo later.CONCLUSION i MCD with lung parenchyma and skin involvement is a rare condition that requires clinicians'attention and awareness for early diagnosis.

Multicentric Gliomas Misdiagnosed as Metastatic Tumors： One Case Report and Literature Review

Multicentric gliomas are considered to be well recognized but uncommon; often scatter widely in different lobes or hemispheres; and cannot be attributed to a definite pathwayEll. A patient diagnosed as multicentric gliomas is presented in this paper. He was firstly misdiagnosed as cerebral metastatic tumors, but later the histopathological examination revealed them to be glioblastoma （WHO grade IV）. Additionally, the aim of the paper was to describe the case history of the patient and the problems encountered in the pathogenesis, pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment.

Prevention and Treatment of KSHV-associated Diseases with Antiviral Drugs

Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) was first identified as the etiologic agent of Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS) in 1994. KSHV infection is necessary,but not sufficient for the development of Kaposi sarcoma (KS),primary effusion lymphoma (PEL),and multicentric Castleman disease (MCD). Advances in the prevention and treatment of KSHV-associated Diseases have been achieved,even though current treatment options are ineffective,or toxic to many affected persons. The identification of new targets for potential future therapies and the randomized trial to evaluate the efficacy of new antivirals are required.

Liver resection vs radiofrequency ablation in single hepatocellular carcinoma of posterosuperior segments in elderly patients

BACKGROUND Liver resection and radiofrequency ablation are considered curative options for hepatocellular carcinoma.The choice between these techniques is still controversial especially in cases of hepatocellular carcinoma affecting posterosuperior segments in elderly patients.AIM To compare post-operative outcomes between liver resection and radiofrequency ablation in elderly with single hepatocellular carcinoma located in posterosuperior segments.METHODS A retrospective multicentric study was performed enrolling 77 patients age≥70-years-old with single hepatocellular carcinoma(≤30 mm),located in posterosuperior segments(4a,7,8).Patients were divided into liver resection and radiofrequency ablation groups and preoperative,peri-operative and long-term outcomes were retrospectively analyzed and compared using a 1:1 propensity score matching.RESULTS After propensity score matching,twenty-six patients were included in each group.Operative time and overall postoperative complications were higher in the resection group compared to the ablation group(165 min vs 20 min,P<0.01;54%vs 19%P=0.02 respectively).A median hospital stay was significantly longer in the resection group than in the ablation group(7.5 d vs 3 d,P<0.01).Ninety-day mortality was comparable between the two groups.There were no significant differences between resection and ablation group in terms of overall survival and disease free survival at 1,3,and 5 years.CONCLUSION Radiofrequency ablation in posterosuperior segments in elderly is safe and feasible and ensures a short hospital stay,better quality of life and does not modify the overall and disease-free survival.

Multicentric occurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis

AIM:To reveal the manner of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development in patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH) focusing on multicentric occurrence (MO) of HCC.METHODS:We compared clinicopathological characteristics between patients with and without MO of HCC arising from NASH background.The clinical features were implicated with reference to the literature available.RESULTS:MO of HCC was identified with histological proof in 4 out of 12 patients with NASH-related HCC(2 males and 2 females).One patient had synchronous MO;an advanced HCC,two well-differentiated HCCs and a dysplastic nodule,followed by the development of metachronous MO of HCC.The other three patients had multiple advanced HCCs accompanied by a well-differentiated HCC or a dysplastic nodule.Of these three patients,one had synchronous MO,one had metachronous MO and the other had both synchronous and metachronous MO.There were no obvious differences between the patients with or without MO in terms of liver function tests,tumor markers and anatomical extent of HCC.On the other hand,all four patients with MO of HCC were older than 70 years old and had the comorbidities of obesity,type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM),hypertension and cirrhosis.Although these conditions were not limited to MO of HCC,all the conditions were met in only one of eight patients without MO of HCC.Thus,concurrence of these conditions may be a predisposing situation to synchronous MO of HCC.In particular,old age,T2DM and cirrhosis were suggested to be prerequisite for MO because these factors were depicted in common among two other cases with MO of HCC under NASH in the literature.CONCLUSION:The putative predisposing factors and necessary preconditions for synchronous MO of HCC in NASH were suggested in this study.Further investigations are required to clarify the accurate prevalence and predictors of MO to establish better strategies for treatment and prevention leading to the prognostic improvement in NASH.

Glucocorticoids combined with tofacitinib in the treatment of Castleman’s disease:A case report

BACKGROUND Castleman’s disease(CD),also known as vascular follicular lymphadenopathy is a rare proliferative disease of lymphoid tissue of unknown etiology that is clinically classified as unicentric CD(UCD) or multicentric CD(MCD) depending on lymph node involvement.At present,idiopathic MCD(iMCD) is treated with interleukin-6 inhibitors,but some patients have poor clinical outcomes.This paper reports on a case of iMCD that achieved a good therapeutic effect after treatment with glucocorticoids combined with tofacitinib.The relevant data are summarized and reported below.CASE SUMMARY This paper reports on a case of MCD in a 49-year-old female with persistent peritoneal effusion as the first manifestation and combined with multiple lymphadenopathies.Lymph node biopsy showed Castleman’s disease-like changes.The ascites subsided after treatment with glucocorticoids and tofacitinib,indicating that the treatment was effective.CONCLUSION The combination of glucocorticoids with tofacitinib is an effective regimen for the treatment of CD.

Multicentric reticulohistiocytosis with prominent skin lesions and arthritis:A case report

BACKGROUND Multicentric reticulohistiocytosis(MRH)is a rare non-Langerhans histiocytosis of unknown etiology characterized by papulonodular skin lesions and progressive,erosive arthritis.To date,there have been approximately 300 cases of MRH reported worldwide.The majority of patients are Caucasian from western countries,and Asian patients are rare.Here,we report a case of MRH in a Chinese patient.CASE SUMMARY A 38-year-old male was admitted to the hospital with a rash that had persisted for over 2 years and bilateral knee pain for over 1 year.The patient’s symptoms had previously been misdiagnosed as eczema when there were only skin symptoms and was finally diagnosed as MRH after a skin biopsy of the left upper back.The patient was treated with glucocorticoids combined with an immunosuppressive regimen.While the skin lesions on both arms,abdomen,and back subsided,the skin lesions on the rest of the body did not increase.The interphalangeal joints of both thumbs and bilateral knee joints remained swollen and painful.CONCLUSION The case will help clinicians better identify and treat this disease in the absence of epidemiological studies or randomized controlled data.

Paget's Disease is Associated with Eleven Cancerous Regions:a Case Report and Therapeutic Strategy

Paget＇s disease of the breast is an uncommon disorder that accounts＇for 1% to 3% of all mammary tumors. The incidence of underlying carcinoma associated with Paget＇s disease has been reported in 82% to 100% of cases. The finding of underlying carcinoma reaches almost 100% when a palpable lump is also present. In this rare case, we described a patient presenting with Paget＇s disease but no palpable lump. However, we found 11 independent regions which were all invasive ductal carcinoma after the operation. Considering this patient, we should pay more attention to a multifocal and multicentric breast carcinoma associated with Paget＇s disease. Furthermore, we believe the mammography examination and a modified radical mastectomy are the most appropriate treatments for this population in clinical practice.

DUCK HEPATITIS B VIRUS DNA WITHIN HEPATIC MULTICENTRIC CANCER AND/OR METASTATIC CANCER

Duck hepatitis B vims (DHBV) DNA was detected in different tumorous nodules of ducks with hepatic multicentric cancer or intrahepatic metastasis by Southern blot technique. Among 7 ducks with hepatocellular carcinoma of multiple tumor nodules, the hybridization pattern of Integrated DHBV DNA In different tumorous nodules was identical in 3 cases and different in 2 cases. One case showed a similar hybridization pattern in two tumorous nodules and other one was negative tor DHBV DNA. Integrated DHBV DNA was also identified in a metastatic lung cancer of ducks with hepatocellular carcinoma. The hybridization pattern of metastasis of lungs was as the some as that in primary hepatocellular carcinoma. The same discrete hybridization bands In the different tumorous nodules indicate that these nodules might arise from one transformed cell. The different hybridization patterns In various tumorous nodules show that these tumorous nodules might arise from various transformed cells. The results suggest that the hybridization pattern of different nodules of hepatocellular carcinoma with viral DNA probe could make a cell clone origin marker of tumor nodule to differentiate hepatic multlcentric cancer from Intrahepatic metastatic cancer.

Castleman’s Disease of the Pleura: Case Presentation and Review of Literature

Purpose. Castleman’s Disease is a very rare medical disease and the presence of this condition in the pleura is even rarer and there are only few reported cases. The presence of symptoms is also unusual and has been mostly described in multicentric cases of castleman’s disease instead of solitary lesions (unicentric castleman). We report a case of unicentric pleural castlema’s disease with presence of constitutional symptoms. Methods. A 36-year-old male without any significant past medical history who presented to the emergency due to an incidental large pleural effusion seen in chest radiograph, but referring chronic constitutional symptoms consistent of significant weight loss and chronic cough. Results. Chest computed tomography revealed a mass and several attemps with minimally invase approach failed to identify the lesion. The mass was excised through VATS but due to its significant vascularity, it had to be converted to open thoracotomy. Conclusion. The treatment of unicentric lesions is mainly complete surgical excision and the prognosis is excellent with some chances of recurrence. There are less than one dozen of reported pleural castleman reported in the literature. This case evidence than unicentric lesion may exhibit constitutional symptoms and confirmed than lesions above 5 cm can be removed by VATS but the chances for conversion to an open thoracotomy are high.

I Do Biotech Dental Implants: Prospective Multicentric Study after 5 Years of Functional Loading

Introduction: I Do Biotech’s implants were developed starting in 2014. Since then, they obtained GMP and KFDA licenses for distribution in 2015. The main objective of this paper is to determine the survival rate of I Do Biotech implants five years after the first surgery. Material and Methods: 1000 implants were used on 480 prostheses across 10 clinics on 320 healthy, non-smoker and non-diabetic patients, chosen at random, of which 160 are male and 160 female, all in the age range of 30 to 50 years old. The failure rate was studied related to the patient’s gender, the length and diameter of the implant, anatomical location, the percentage of peri-implantitis, prosthodontic failures and the patient’s quality of life. Discussion: The results obtained are similar to those of Van Steenberghe D. Dieter-Busenlechner, E. Serrano Catauria and far superior to those of Sáenz Guzmán. Failure rates vary greatly from study to study due to the heterogeneity of the samples in the other research papers. Conclusion: The overall implant failure rate at 5 years is 1.7%. The factors affecting significantly the survival rate are: the implant diameter, its length and the anatomic area. Failure ratios increase significantly when the diameter or the length of the implant decreases, and when they are placed in the posterior maxilla (up to 4.3%). The rate of peri-implantitis is 5.1%. The prosthodontic failure rate is 2.91%. The improvement in quality of life and satisfaction increases with the years.

Effectiveness of Acupoint Application in Patients with Pharyngeal Pain: Evidence from CHUNBO, A Prospective Real-World Study

Objective: To assess the outcomes after acupoint application in patients with pharyngeal pain in a real-world settings, and analyze the characteristics of effective population and prescription characteristics of acupoint application. Methods: Based on CHUNBO platform, patients with pharyngeal pain who were candidates for acupoint application on the basis of physician-evaluation, were enrolled in a nationwide, prospective, 69-week multicenter observational study from August 2020 to February 2022. Propensity score matching(PSM) was used to match the confounding factors and the association rules were used to analyze the characteristics of effective population and prescription characteristics of acupoint application. Outcome assessments included the disappearance rate of pharyngeal pain(within 3, 7, and 14 days), disappearance time of pharyngeal pain, as well as adverse events. Results: Of 7,699 enrolled participants, 6,693(86.9%) received acupoint application and 1,450(21.7%) with non-acupoint application. After PSM, there were 1,004 patients each in the application group(AG) and non-application group(NAG). The disappearance rate of pharyngeal pain in the AG at 3, 7, and 14 days were all higher than those in the NAG(P<0.05). The disappearance time of pharyngeal pain in the AG were shorter than that in the NAG(logrank P<0.001, hazard ratio=1.51, 95% confidence interval: 1.41–1.63). The median age of effective cases was 4 years, mainly 3–6 years old(40.21%). The disappearance rate of pharyngeal pain in the application group with tonsil diseases was 2.19 times higher than that in the NAG(P<0.05). The commonly used acupoints for the effective cases were Tiantu(RN 22), Shenque(RN 8) and Dazhui(DU 14). The commonly used herbs for the effective cases were Natrii sulfas, Radix et Rhizoma Rhei, and Herba Ephedrae. Among them, Natrii sulfas was applied to RN 8 most frequently(support 84.39%). A total of 1,324(17.2%) patients experienced AEs, and mainly occurred in the AG, with significant difference in the incidence of AEs between goups(P<0.05). All AEs reported were the first grade, and the average regression time of AEs was 2.8 days. Conclusions: Acupoint application in patients with pharyngeal pain resulted in improved effective rate and shortened duration, especially children aged 3–6 years old, and those with tonsil diseases. Acupoint of RN 22, RN 8 and DU 14, herbs of Natrii sulfas, Radix et Rhizoma Rhei, and Herba Ephedrae were the most commonly used in the treatment of pharyngeal pain.

A case of Sjogren's syndrome evolving into multicentric reticulohistiocytosis

Introduction:Multicentric reticulohistiocytosis(MRH)is a rare disease that is known to affect the skin and joints,primarily.It is considered a rare form of non-Langerhans cell histiocytosis(Group C)that can cause destructive inflammatory arthritis involving both the small and large joints.Cutaneous eruptions of periungual,“coral beads”and nodules appearing over the distal fingers are considered pathognomonic clues for identifying this disorder.Histology evaluation of the cutaneous papules typically shows infiltrative histiocytes and multinucleated giant cells.Although no well-established therapies exist to date,a variety of immunosuppressants have been used with varying degrees of success.Case Description:A 53-year-old Caucasian female patient with a family history of rheumatoid arthritis and a personal history of Sjogren's syndrome presented to the rheumatology clinic complaining of pain in her bilateral hands and fingers.There were several small,papulo-nodular lesions ranging from 1 to 2mm in size noted at the base of her nails.A 4mm punch biopsy of one of the papules from the neck showed dermal infiltration of eosinophilic mononucleated and multinucleated giant cells with“ground glass”appearing cytoplasm consistent with MRH.X-ray of her hands showed periarticular demineralization and erosions surrounding several bilateral proximal and distal interphalangeal joints,and thus tofacitinib in addition to methotrexate,hydroxychloroquine,and dexamethasone(dosed weekly)was started to help control any further articular damage.Conclusion:Our aim is to further support the relation of MRH with autoimmune diseases,including Sjogren's syndrome.Autoimmune diseases have been reported in association with MRH,although a clear association has yet to be made.

Clinical characteristics and molecular epidemiology of human metapneumovirus in children with acute lower respiratory tract infections in China, 2017 to 2019: A multicentre prospective observational study

Human metapneumovirus(HMPV) infection is one of the leading causes of hospitalization in young children with acute respiratory illness. In this study, we prospectively collected respiratory tract samples from children who were hospitalized with acute lower respiratory tract infection in six hospitals in China from 2017 to 2019. HMPV was detected in 145 out of 2733 samples(5.3%) from the hospitalized children. The majority of HMPV-positive children were under the age of two(67.6%), with a median age of one year. HMPV can independently cause acute lower respiratory tract infection in young children, while all patients showed mild clinical symptoms. Of all the co-infected patients, HMPV was most commonly detected with enterovirus(EV) or rhinovirus(RhV)(38.0%),followed by respiratory syncytial virus(RSV)(32.0%). The highest detection rate occurred from March to May in both northern and southern China. Out of 145 HMPV positive samples, 48 were successfully typed, of which 36strains were subgrouped into subtypes A2c(75%), eight strains were included in subtype B1(16.7%), and four strains were included in subtype B2(8.3%). Moreover, 16 A2c strains contained 111-nucleotide duplications in the G gene. Twenty-seven complete HMPV genomes were successfully obtained, and 25(92.6%) strains belonged to subtype A2c, whereas one strain was included in subgroup B1 and another was included in subgroup B2. A total of 277 mutations were observed in the complete genomes of 25 A2c strains. All results presented here improve our understanding of clinical characteristics and molecular epidemiology of HMPV infection in children.

Prognostic Factors of Wilms＇ Tumor Complicated with Nephroblastomatosis

Nephrogenic rests （NRs） are abnormally persistent clusters of embryonal cells, representing microscopic dysplasias of the developing kidney. NRs are found in approximately 1% of infant kidneys at autopsy. Nephroblastomatosis signifies the presence of multiple or diffuse NRs. Both NRs and nephroblastomatosis were known as precursor lesions of Wilms tumor,Nephroblastomatosis can be classified into four categories： Perilobar （PEN R only）; i ntralobar （I LNR only）; combined （PLNR and ILNR）; and universal. The diagnosis and treatment of Wilms＂ tumor have been improved constantly and achieved common sense. However, little information is available regarding Wilms＂ tumor associated with nephroblastomatosis for lower prevalence. This study aimed to investigate the prognostic factors of Wilms＇ tumor associated with nephroblastomatosis.

Epidemiology and clinical characteristics of burns in China's Mainland from 2009 to 2018

Background:Burn injuries place a heavy burden on the global healthcare system.However,there is still a lack of nationwide studies on the epidemiological characteristics of burn patients in China's Mainland.The present study aims to accurately analyze the clinical characteristics of burn patients by collecting data in China's Mainland from 2009 to 2018,which will provide effective strategies for healthcare systems and the government in China's Mainland.Methods:Patients admitted for burn injuries to 196 hospitals in 31 provinces,autonomous regions and municipalities in China's Mainland from 2009 to 2018 were included.The data collected included sex,age,month distribution,etiology,region,clinical outcome,injury anatomical location,total burn surface area and mortality.SPSS 19.0 software was used to analyze the data.Results:From 2009 to 2018,the burn patients were 333,995(0.76%),which included 222,480(66.61%)males and 111,515(33.39%)females.From 2009 to 2018,the number of individuals admit-ted to hospitals for burns showed a downward trend year by year.The burn patients accounted for the highest proportion of inpatients in 0-10 years(38.10%),followed by 40-50 years(13.14%).The highest cure ratio of burn inpatients was in the 20-30 age group(31394,71.53%).Among 31 provinces,autonomous regions and municipalities,the province with the highest proportion of total inpatients caused by burns was Inner Mongolia(4.61%),followed by Zhejiang(3.17%),Hainan(2.88%)and Xinjiang(2.64%).Summer(29.16%)was the season with the highest incidence of burn patients admitted to hospitals,followed by spring(25.6%).Scalding(60.19%)was the most frequent kind of burn treated,followed by fire(20.45%).The patients had multiple burn sites(68.89%)most often,followed by burns on the lower limbs(10.91%).From 0%to 10%total body surface area(TBSA)accounted for the highest ratio(37.19%),followed by 90-100%TBSA(21.74%).Conclusions:The present study is the first to describe the associated situation and trends of burn patients in China's Mainland from 2009 to 2018.Our findings will serve as the latest clinical evidence for healthcare planning and prevention efforts in China and other countries.