Research and Application of In-seam Seismic Survey Technology for Disaster-causing Potential Geology Anomalous Body in Coal Seam

In order to effectively detect potential geology anomalous bodies in coal bearing formation,such as coal seam thickness variation,small faults,goafs and collapse columns,and provide scientific guidance for safe and efficient mining,the SUMMIT-II EX explosion-proof seismic slot wave instrument,produced by German DMT Company,was used to detect the underground channel wave with the help of transmission method,reflection method and transflective method.Region area detection experiment in mining face had been carried out thanks to the advantage of channel wave,such as its great dispersion,abundant geology information,strong anti-interference ability and long-distance detecting.The experimental results showed that:(1)Coal seam thickness variation in extremely unstable coal seam has been quantitatively interpreted with an accuracy of more than 80%generally;(2)The faults,goafs and collapse columns could be detected and predicted accurately;(3)Experimental detection of gas enrichment areas,stress concentration regions and water inrush risk zone has been collated;(4)A research system of disaster-causing geology anomalous body detection by in-seam seismic survey has been built,valuable and innovative achievements have been got.Series of innovation obtained for the first time in this study indicated that it was more effective to detect disaster-causing potential geology anomalies by in-seam seismic survey than by ground seismic survey.It had significant scientific value and application prospect under complex coal seam conditions.

Monitoring of coal-mine goaf based on 4D seismic technology

The range of coal-mine underground goaf has continuously expanded over time.Caving,fracture,and deformation zones have also changed,thereby inducing coal-mine water inrush and other environmental disasters.In this study,4 D seismic monitoring technology that is effective in reservoir development was used to monitor abnormal changes in coal-mine underground goaf to explore the feasibility of the method.Taking a coal mine in Hancheng,Shaanxi as an example,we used the aforementioned technology to dynamically monitor the abnormal changes in the goaf.Based on the 4 D seismic data obtained in the experiment and the abnormal change characteristics of the coal-mine goaf,the method of 4 D seismic data processing in reservoir was improved.A set of 4 D data processing flow for the goaf was established,and the anomalies in the surface elevation and overlying strata velocity caused by collapse were corrected.We have made the following improvements to the method of 4 D seismic data processing in the reservoir:(1)the static correction problem caused by the changes of surface elevation and destruction of the low-velocity layer has been solved through fusion static correction to comb the low-frequency components of elevation statics with the high-frequency components of refraction statics;(2)the problem of overlying strata velocity changes in the goaf caused by collapse has been solved through the velocity consistency method;(3)the problem of reflection event pull-down in the disturbance area has been solved through space-varying moveout correction based on cross-correlation;and(4)amplitude anomalies in the coal seam caused by the goaf have been addressed using the correction method of space-varying amplitude.Results show that the 4 D seismic data processing and interpretation method established in this study is reasonable and effective.

3D Seismic Technology Applications to the Analysis of Sedimentary Basins

The recent advances of 3D seismic technique applied in geological study of sedimentary basin analysis were reviewed.The achievements in the study of the sedimentology,structural analysis, fluid-rock interaction and igneous geology were summarized.Because 3D seismic resolution and interpretation technology are enhanced surprisingly。

Seismic Reduction and Isolation Design Strategies for Bridges in High-Intensity Earthquake Areas

High-intensity earthquakes can cause severe damage to bridges,buildings,and ground surfaces,as well as disrupt human activities.Such earthquakes can create long-distance,high-intensity surface movements that negatively impact bridge structures.This article delves into the seismic reduction and isolation design strategies for bridges in high-intensity earthquake areas.It analyzes various seismic reduction and isolation technologies and provides case studies to help relevant units understand the design strategies of these technologies.The results of this article can be used as a guideline to effectively enhance the seismic performance of bridges in high-intensity earthquake areas.

Tunnel seismic tomography method for geological prediction and its application

Typical existing methods of tunnel geological prediction include negative apparent velocity, horizontal seismic profile, and the Tunnel Seismic Prediction （TSP） method as this technology is under development at home and abroad. Considering simpler observational methods and data processing, it is hard to accurately determine the seismic velocity of the wall rock in the front of the tunnel face. Therefore, applying these defective methods may result in inaccurate geological inferences which will not provide sufficient evidence for classifying the wall rock characteristics. This paper proposes the Tunnel Seismic Tomography （TST） method using a spatial observation arrangement and migration and travel time inversion image processing to solve the problem of analyzing the velocity structure of wall rock in the front of the tunnel face and realize accurate imaging of the geological framework of the tunnel wall rock. This method is very appropriate for geological prediction under complex geological conditions.

Clastic compaction unit classification based on clay content and integrated compaction recovery using well and seismic data

Compaction correction is a key part of paleogeomorphic recovery methods. Yet, the influence of lithology on the porosity evolution is not usually taken into account. Present methods merely classify the lithologies as sandstone and mudstone to undertake separate porositydepth compaction modeling. However, using just two lithologies is an oversimplification that cannot represent the compaction history. In such schemes, the precision of the compaction recovery is inadequate. To improve the precision of compaction recovery, a depth compaction model has been proposed that involves both porosity and clay content. A clastic lithological compaction unit classification method, based on clay content, has been designed to identify lithological boundaries and establish sets of compaction units. Also, on the basis of the clastic compaction unit classification, two methods of compaction recovery that integrate well and seismic data are employed to extrapolate well-based compaction information outward along seismic lines and recover the paleo-topography of the clastic strata in the region. The examples presented here show that a better understanding of paleo-geomorphology can be gained by applying the proposed compaction recovery technology.

Low-Frequency(LF) Passive Seismic Imaging

Infrasonic Passive Differential Spectroscopy (IPDS) technology is employed for direct detection of hydrocarbons.Low-frequency seismic gives geophysicists a new seismic imaging technique to look into wealth & health of reservoir.Hydrocarbon reservoirs can be the origin of a continuous source of low-frequency seismic waves.These phenomena are sometimes called"hydrocarbon microtremors".Low-frequ-

The application of ultrasonic seismic model experiment in quality test of cement mortar injection of Yongjiang river submarine tun－nel tube foundation

Ultrasonic seismic model experiment plays an important role in engineering multi wave seismic prospecting(EMSP), which has been used to do the complex engineering seismic exploration. It is introduced that the application of the technology in quality test of Yongjiang river submarine tunnel tube foundation in the paper. The material of the model was got from on the spot. The successful test has been made with results of the model experiment.

New Technology Promoting Advance of China's Petroleum Industry

In the recent years,CNPC has examined and approved more than 600 items of gadgets for extensive application.The approved projects inc-lude both single item of advanced and applicable technology and a number of items of supporting technology which are broght together in one area to solve the regional problems and boost the production capacity.As the economic reform is making progress,,theI mandatory planned system will be gradually replaced by the new guiding planned managerial system.

Describe the Process of Retrofitting Existing Buildings and Evaluate the Effectiveness of it in Improving the Seismic Performance of Structures in Earthquake-prone Regions

At present,earthquakes are a serious problem for building.Severe damages and collapses of buildings were caused by earthquakes in different degrees.It is reported that there are more than 68,858 deaths and hundreds of billions RMB losses in the May 12,2008 Great Wenchuan Earthquake[16].So,more attention should be paid to seismic technology.In order to face the challenges of earthquake on building,the seismic retrofitting was put forward,which“is the modification of existing structures to make them more resistant to seismic activity,ground motion,or soil failure due to earthquakes”[2].

Seismic description and fluid identification of thin reservoirs in Shengli Chengdao extra-shallow sea oilfield

The meandering channel deposit of the upper member of Neogene Guantao Formation in Shengli Chengdao extra-shallow sea oilfield is characterized by rapid change in sedimentary facies.In addition,affected by surface tides and sea water reverberation,the double sensor seismic data processed by conventional methods has low signal-to-noise ratio and low resolution,and thus cannot meet the needs of seismic description and oil-bearing fluid identification of thin reservoirs less than 10 meters thick in this area.The two-step high resolution frequency bandwidth expanding processing technology was used to improve the signal-to-noise ratio and resolution of the seismic data,as a result,the dominant frequency of the seismic data was enhanced from 30 Hz to 50 Hz,and the sand body thickness resolution was enhanced from 10 m to 6 m.On the basis of fine layer control by seismic data,three types of seismic facies models,floodplain,natural levee and point bar,were defined,and the intelligent horizon-facies controlled recognition technology was worked out,which had a prediction error of reservoir thickness of less than 1.5 m.Clearly,the description accuracy of meandering channel sand bodies has been improved.The probability semi-quantitative oiliness identification method of fluid by prestack multi-parameters has been worked out by integrating Poisson’s ratio,fluid factor,product of Lame parameter and density,and other prestack elastic parameters,and the method has a coincidence rate of fluid identification of more than 90%,providing solid technical support for the exploration and development of thin reservoirs in Shengli Chengdao extra-shallow sea oilfield,which is expected to provide reference for the exploration and development of similar oilfields in China.

基于云计算的地震网络数据安全态势感知仿真

地震发生前具有特殊波动响应特征,通过地震台网灾害信息可确定震灾范围,但是网络个人用户无法通过终端服务器及时查询地震数据,导致对地震的安全感知出现延迟问题。针对地震数据处理的任务密集、流程复杂的计算需求,提出基于云计算的地震网络数据安全态势感知方法。在地震节点布局中融入贝叶斯结构,构成混合结构化安全态势采集模型。应用数据分类方法估计出地震态势数据,提取地震发生的隶属度特征,构建地震网络数据安全态势感知模型。按照区域影响因子算出地震信息量,利用相似原则区分灾害程度,检测地震发生范围的安全态势。实验结果证明:研究方法感知获取的地震层间位移与震中国方位角和实际情况一致,偏差较小,能够明确当前地震区域的安全态势。

Intelligent Seismic-Acoustic System for Identifying the Location of the Areas of an Expected Earthquake

A brief overview of the state-of-the-art in the field of earthquake study and forecasting is presented in this paper. We analyze the principles of the methods of determining the coordinates of earthquake focuses by means of ground seismic stations. We demonstrate that those methods cannot be used in the system for monitoring of the beginning of the earthquake preparation process (in the network of RNM ASP stations). As we know, the earthquake preparation process is accompanied by spreading noisy seismic-acoustic signals. Theoretically, the system for monitoring of the beginning of the earthquake preparation process is based on the technologies for seismic-acoustic signal processing-Robust Noise Monitoring (RNM). Noise characteristics determined by RNM technologies indicate the beginning of anomalous seismic processes (ASP) and, consequently, the possibility of ASP monitoring. Considering that the seismic-acoustic signal can be represented as the sum of the useful signal and noise, we present the technologies for determining noise characteristics. It is demonstrated in the paper that a change in the estimate of the cross-correlation function between the useful signal and the noise, noise variance and the value of noise correlation determine the beginning of ASP. One RNM ASP station determines the beginning of ASP within a radius of about 500 km. Determining the location of an expected earthquake requires a network of RNM ASP stations. We analyze the results of noise technology-based monitoring of anomalous seismic processes performed from July 2010 to June 2015 on nine seismic-acoustic stations built at the head of 10 m, 200 m, 300 m and 1400 - 5000 m deep wells. Based on the results of the experimental data obtained in the period covering over three years, an intelligent system has been built, which allows for identifying the location of the zone of an earthquake, using the combinations of time of change in the estimate of the correlation function between the useful signal and the noise of the seismic-acoustic information received from different stations 10 - 20 hours before the earthquake. In the long term, the system can be used by seismologists as a tool for determining the location of the zone of an expected earthquake.

桥梁抗震设计关键内容与减震、隔震技术的应用

为避免因发生地震而出现的桥梁结构失稳、倒塌问题,该文针对桥梁工程的抗震设计进行详细分析,结合桥梁结构出现的震害,提出桥梁抗震设计的关键点、减隔震技术的运用对策,旨在以桥梁工程为例,对比减隔震技术相较于非减隔震技术在提升抗震性能、降低震害风险等方面起到重要作用。这一研究将为桥梁抗震设计,合理运用减隔震技术提供重要参考。

地下管廊抗震研究现状综述

针对地下管廊工程建设高速发展、抗震减灾需求愈发凸显的现状,综述地下管廊抗震研究现状.首先,通过国内外以往的震害实例,对地下管廊的震害形式、震害影响因素及震害机理进行了系统性总结.其次,从拟静力试验和振动台试验两个方面总结了地下管廊抗震性能的试验研究现状.再次,总结了地下管廊抗震分析的简化分析方法、动力时程方法、地震易损性评估及减隔震技术的研究现状.最后,基于文献综述提出了目前地下管廊抗震研究亟待解决的问题并做出展望,以期促进地下管廊抗震研究的发展.研究表明:地下管廊在地震作用下的破坏形式主要有混凝土剥落、裂缝贯通、接缝错位或张开、管廊受剪断裂等;地震作用下地下管廊穿越非均匀场地时动力响应的放大效应显著,地下管廊穿越软硬交互等非均匀场地时的抗震性能研究值得重视;交叉节点是地下管廊的薄弱环节,交叉管廊的抗震设计方法研究值得关注;预制管廊接头易受到地震破坏,不同类型预制管廊接头的抗震性能研究需深入探索;城市大型地下管廊系统抗震性能受到不同交叉节点和不同管廊之间的交互影响,高效的地下管廊系统建模方法和高效的简化分析方法亟待研究;城市大型地下管廊系统地震易损性分析是重要的发展方向;地下管廊的减隔震技术值得发展.

羌塘盆地内部结构与反射地震勘探技术分析

位于青藏高原腹地的羌塘盆地海相地层保存较为完整,是中国最大的中生代海相含油气盆地。羌塘盆地的油气地震勘探经历了近30年的历程,在仪器设备、采集技术、数据处理和解释等方面均取得了长足进步,对羌塘盆地油气资源战略调查起到了关键作用。本文总结了羌塘盆地反射地震勘探的历程和数据采集参数,根据笔者团队多年积累的资料,揭示出羌塘盆地基底及上覆地层的结构,分析了有利圈闭构造及其对油气的影响,并根据实际情况,进一步分析了影响羌塘盆地油气地震勘探数据质量的主要因素。建议从改善激发、接收条件,优化观测系统,开展针对性处理等多个方面综合考虑,提高反射地震资料品质,获得高质量的地震剖面。

三维地震动态解释在淮北构造复杂煤矿生产中的应用

三维地震勘探技术在煤矿安全高效矿井地质保障系统中发挥着重要的作用,淮北矿区构造复杂,断层密度大,断层已成为严重制约淮北矿区采区接替和增储保供的主要因素。本文将三维地震动态解释应用于淮北构造复杂煤矿的生产中,在煤矿工作面设计、巷道掘进和工作面贯通等多个生产阶段开展地震动态解释,针对大巷掘进过程中地质保障的实际需求开展了地震动态解释工作。应用实践表明,煤矿工作面生产过程中的地震动态解释工作将分析对象限定为一个工作面、一条巷道甚至一条断层,研究对象更聚焦,更精准,且时效性强,能够为煤矿工作面生产过程提供较为准确的指导,助力煤矿安全高效开采。

新型装配式框架节点地震损伤性能研究

梁柱节点的构造型式对框架结构的力学性能影响显著,该设计了一种新型装配式框架节点,为研究新型装配式框架节点的地震损伤性能,以连接方式和轴压比为设计参数,设计制作了8个节点试件进行低周循环试验,结合VIC-3D技术监测试件柱端表面应变,观察其破坏模式,分析了该节点的滞回曲线、延性和耗能能力等抗震性能指标,建立了适合于装配式节点的修正损伤模型。结果表明:新型装配式节点破坏模式为剪切破坏,主要破坏位置发生在混凝土与钢部件的连接处;装配式节点滞回曲线饱满,耗能能力强,装配式Z字形拼接节点的累积总耗能为现浇节点的1.75倍,表现出较好的抗震性能;装配式节点的延性系数在2.02~3.78,轴压比的增大会使节点承载力提高,延性降低;修正模型计算出的损伤发展曲线与实际情况吻合较好;连接方式的改变能够显著影响节点的损伤发展速率,轴压比越小,损伤发展速率越慢。最后,对装配式框架结构性态水平进行了参数量化,给出了性态水平与层间位移角、损伤指数、柱端表面峰值应变的对应关系,研究结果可为该类结构损伤评估及震后恢复提供理论依据。

面向建筑韧性目标的减隔震设计研究与实践

为培养土木工程类学生防灾减灾设计能力,本文以《基于保持建筑正常使用功能的抗震技术导则》(以下简称《导则》)为核心内容,提出建筑物在遭受设防地震时满足正常使用要求,并根据使用功能及损坏后果提出Ⅰ、Ⅱ类建筑性能目标。以预期抗震韧性目标为导向,提出一种面向两区八类建筑的“三水准设防、两阶段设计”策略,以实现《导则》对Ⅰ、Ⅱ类建筑进行减隔震设计时正常使用要求,提高震后建筑维持和恢复使用功能的能力。选取某医技楼和学校作为Ⅰ类和Ⅱ类建筑的典型算例,以震后修复费用、修复时间和人员伤亡指标提出预期韧性目标,并对其按照韧性设防策略进行隔震与减震设计。基于弹塑性时程分析结果采用SAUSG-RES提取工程需求参数进行韧性等级评定。结果表明,两区八类建筑采用韧性设防策略后,结构在遭受设防地震时满足正常使用要求,经过简单修复后可恢复使用功能,达到韧性一星等级;在遭受罕遇地震后经过适度修复可恢复使用功能,达到高韧性等级。韧性设防策略不仅完善了传统抗震设防的不足,而且衔接《导则》要求与工程设计习惯,为抗震设计课程高阶性改革提供了参考思路。