Dimensions of the Internationalization-Performance Relationship： Applied to Euronext 1 O0 Multinationals

In spite of the extensive literature regarding the relationship between corporate internationalization and performance, questions still remain due to conflicting empirical results. Is this due to the diversity of the conceptualization of international profile？ The results of statistical non-parametric tests obtained from a sample of 68 Euronext 100 companies over the period 2005-2009 point to a different relationship, between internationalization and performance, depending on whether the extent of international activities or their dispersion is considered.

The Wolf Is Coming?——Multinationals's Entry and Effect on China's Manufacturing Industry

Nowadays,China has become the country that introduces the largest amount of foreign capital.Up to June 2008,the accumulative total number of foreign- invested enterprises in China is over 632 thousand:the total amount of actual use of foreign capital is over US$582 billion.There are over 400 multination- als of top 500 investing in China,30 of which set up regional headquarters。

An Evolutionary Catch-up Strategy of Innovation： Knowledge Transfer of Chinese Hi-t：ech Multinationals Through Firm-University Cooperation

Chinese hi-tech multinationals strengthen their technological competitiveness in their internationalization process. Their strategic emphasis on cooperation with academic institutes to develop professional knowledge is an important yet underexplored issue in the extant literature. Based on the comparison between a pair of hi-tech companies--HUAWEI from China and CISCO from the US, this study analyzes the process of technological evolution of the former during 1998-2014, which ihas already become one of strategic solutions for Chinese multinationals （CMNE） to catch up with traditional counterparts in technological field. This study contributes to the present theory of CMNE by disclosing the Firm-University Cooperation （FUC） strategy, as well as its significance and implications for later-corner＇s catch-up trajectory in international business.

Competition Among Multinationals on China's Market

Of the Fortune 500,more than 400 have entered China,While competing with Chinese enterprises,they are also battling among themselves.

Diplomatic Relations and Investment Location of Chinese Multinationals:An International Political Economy Perspective

Past research has suggested that diplomacy can play a significant role as a mechanism to pave the way for multinational enterprises(MNEs)in foreign countries.Drawing on the international political economy perspective,this article analyzes the influence of the diplomatic activities of the Chinese government on the location of Chinese MNEs.It develops several hypotheses regarding the influence of three essential tools in the Chinese government's current diplomatic agenda:high-level visits by the Chinese President,the establishment of Confucius Institutes,and the Belt and Road Initiative(BRI).The empirical analysis is based on a sample of 972 country-year observations from 2013 to 2021.The results show that high-level government visits and Confucius Institutes positively impacted the location of China's outward foreign direct investments,with the effect being lower in BRI countries.The impact of Confucius Institutes was higher for state-owned enterprises.

Measuring Multinationals＇ R＆D Activities in China on the Basis of a Patent Database： Comparing European, Japanese and US Firms

Using an internationally linked patent database, this paper compares the types of R ＆D activities undertaken by multinationals in China by home country and industry. In China, multinationals recently began investing in R＆D, mainly in the areas of product and manufacturing process development. However, US firms, which are the most actively invested in R＆D, are involved in some technology-driven R＆D activities; European firms are inclined toward market-driven R ＆D, while Japanese firms, which lag behind the other two, focus on production-driven R ＆D. This pattern may be related to the relative competitiveness of each country： Japanese firms are strong in electronics and automobiles, where production process improvement is important, while US firms flourish in science-based industries, such as pharmaceuticals and software, where interacting with the local science base is a critical factor.

Multinationals Move Inland

Central China, initially overlooked by many foreign investors as being too far from the ports in Tianjin, Shanghai and Shenzhen, is emerging as an essential destination for multinationals in China.The Future of Central China: A Provincial Roadmap There is a huge manufacturing drive in central China. Businesses are moving inland to set up projects, investments and operations here, primarily due to lower labor and land costs as well as preferential policies for manufacturers. Multinational companies also are starting to view the region as the next step toward an integrated China strategy, and the consumer population in the second-and third-tier cities in central China represents a growing, largely untapped domestic market for foreign products and services.

Meeting of the Multinationals

The World Economic Forum’s Annual Meeting of the New Champions 2010,or the "Summer Davos," was held in north China’s Tianjin Municipality from September 13-15 under the theme "Driving Growth Through Sustainability."

At the Center of the Middle Kingdom:Multinationals Move Inland

Central China, initially overlooked by many foreign investors as being too far from the ports in Tianjin, Shanghai and Shenzhen,is emerging as an essential destination for multinationals in China.While still lagging significantly be-hind the coast, the six central provinces of Anhui, Henan, Hubei, Hunan,

Vertical Spillover Effects of Multinationals on Chinese Domestic Firms via Supplier-Customer Relationships

Foreign direct investment （FDI） can benefit domestic firms in the host country. Using firm- level data for China, we find statistically positive vertical spillover effects of multinational enterprises on the performance of domestic firms through backward and forward supplier- customer relationships. The spillover effects are mainly from large multinational enterprises and are greater for state-owned firms and in poor regions. Our results are robust for both parametric regression and nonparametric matching techniques. Our findings have strong policy implications： while regulations relating to building business relationships with domestic firms when seeking foreign direct investment should be established, such policies should be aimed at private firms, big multinationals and less developed regions.

R&D Activities of Manufacturing Multinationals in China:Structure,Motivations and Regional Differences

This paper investigates the R＆D motivations of various multinationals operating in China, drawing on a large-scale, firm-level dataset of official Chinese statistics on science and technology activities. The present study shows that R＆D efforts in China have intensified for bothJbreign-owned and domestic firms, but less so for foreign-owned firms, perhaps because foreign-owned firms tend to operate on a foundation of technological capabilities developed within their home countries. Statistical analysis confirms that the major motivations for foreign R＆D in China are production-driven, not market-driven or technology-driven. Nevertheless, one sees significant variations in foreign R＆D strategies from region to region. Guangdong is characterized by production-driven R＆D. In Beijing, R＆D strategies tend to take a technology-driven approach, drawing on the clusters of scienl（fic institutions. In Shanghai, the R＆D efforts of multinationals tend to focus on support for market-driven R＆D,

The Effects of Competence and Auditor Training on Fraud Detection Within Multinational Companies in Sub-Saharan Africa

The aim of this study is to examine the qualities that auditors engaged in detecting potential fraud within multinational corporations in Sub-Saharan Africa should possess.To achieve this goal,a quantitative approach was used to develop and test a research model based on three theories:agency theory,attribution theory,and cognitive dissonance theory.Responses from a panel of two hundred and nine(209)auditors who conducted a legal audit mission in a Sub-Saharan multinational were analyzed using SmartPLS 3.3.3 software.The results emphasize the crucial importance of auditors’competence and continuous training in fraud detection.However,professional skepticism and time pressure were found to be non-significant in this context.This conclusion provides essential insights for auditors,highlighting the key qualities needed to effectively address fraud detection within multinational corporations in Sub-Saharan Africa.

Analyzing the Essay Writing Patterns of Iranian Intermediate-Level Korean Language Learners: A Study Based on the TOPIK Exam

This study examines the writing abilities of Iranian intermediate Korean learners,specifically their performance in the compositional writing section of the Test of Proficiency in Korean(TOPIK).By utilizing the many FACETS-Rasch Model,we meticulously analyzed nine writing samples from the 52nd TOPIK.These samples were evaluated using a modified rubric ranging from 0 to 3 based on predefined criteria for written composition.The results underscored that the sections on“appropriateness of spacing and spelling,”“relevance of vocabulary,”and“content diversity”presented the most significant challenges for the learners.On the other hand,“the quantity of writing”emerged as the least challenging aspect.These findings reveal substantial disparities in various aspects of writing proficiency among learners.The study not only pinpoints issue areas in writing skills,but also underscores the necessity of customized teaching strategies within the TOPIK framework to address these weaknesses.Consequently,it offers valuable insights that could bolster the effectiveness of teaching writing to Korean language learners.The findings of this study are not only significant for the field of language education,but also contribute to a deeper understanding of the challenges faced by intermediate learners and provide a roadmap for improving language instruction.

STUDY ON BEIJING'S EMERGING MOBILE COMMUNICATION INDUSTRIAL CLUSTER AND ITSPOLICY IMPLICATIONS

This paper is a preliminary and illustrative case study of Beijing's emergingmobile communication industrial (MCI) cluster, which helps understand the cluster by qualitativeanalysis and description. Beijing's MCI cluster is emerging as far as the competence of the industryand its spatial concentration are concerned, although it is not the type of the cluster describedby PORTER due to the low competence of indigenous firms. The formation of the cluster can beexplained by means of the factor and demand conditions of Beijing. However, it is mostly determinedby the multinationals that promote the growth of the industry and the formation of the cluster, andby the government that also plays a key role in many ways. As a matter of fact, the interactionbetween the multinationals and the local government is the key to understanding the formation of thecluster. All in all, Beijing's emerging MCI cluster is a value-chain, geographically concentratedbut non-localized cluster, which is highly dominated by the multinationals and the local government.Its special characteristics bear some policy implications as to the change of the roles of thelocal government and the localization of multinationals, etc.

浅议跨国公司的跨文化管理

跨国公司的兴起与发展是经济全球化进程中势不可当的一股力量。然而,诸多跨国经营的失败案例将管理者的目光从经济因素逐步聚焦到非经济因素,文化差异便是其中之一。本文在讨论文化与管理之关系的基础上,分析了文化冲突形成的主、客观原因以及对跨国经营的负面影响,列举了跨文化管理的方案和策略,并提出一些具体可行的措施。