Complex genesis of multiperiod fractures in the Middle Triassic Leikoupo Formation in the Pengzhou gas field, western Sichuan Basin, China

The cumulative expression of multistage deformation is complex multiperiod fractures,which are commonly seen in tectonic zones.The Middle Triassic Leikoupo Formation in the western Sichuan Basin Depression,China,is a typical marine carbonate reservoir with natural fractures caused mainly by tectonic movements.According to outcrops,drill cores,image logging,and fluid inclusions,the fracture characteristics,types of natural fractures,and interactions of fractures are determined.In total,419 natural fractures in 493.2 m of cores from 7 wells are investigated,which are mainly shear and tensile fractures with a small number of weathering generated fractures.Meanwhile,the results of the stable isotope analysis of δ13C and δ18O,as well as the flow fluid inclusion data,reveal four tectonic periods of fractures with different occurrences.Based on the history of regional tectonic evolution,indicating one period of weathering fractures ascribable to stratal uplift and three periods of structural fractures related to the sequential tectonic movements of the Longmenshan fault belt.By analyzing the interaction relationships of fractures,three types of fracture interaction relationships are observed:cutting,restraining,and overlapping.The four stages fractures are chronologically assigned to(1)the early Indosinian N-S trending compression,(2)the late Indosinian NW-SE compression,(3)the middle Yanshanian NE-SE compression,and(4)the early Himalayan E-W compression.The influence of natural fractures on gas migration and well production in marine carbonates is discussed,and indicates that tectonic fractures could provide seepage channels for gas migration and accumulation from near or distant hydrocarbon source rocks into the Middle Triassic Leikoupo Formation.This study utilizes a pragmatic approach for understanding the fracture genesis mechanism in oil and gas field with multiperiod fractures.

Optimal Multiperiodic Control for Inventory Coupled Systems: A Multifrequency Second-Order Test

A complex autonomous inventory coupled system is considered. It can take, for example, the form of a network of chemical or biochemical reactors, where the inventory interactions perform the recycling of by-products between the subsystems. Because of the flexible subsystems interactions, each of them can be operated with their own periods utilizing advantageously their dynamic properties. A multifrequency second-order test generalizing the p-test for single systems is described. It can be used to decide which kind of the operation (the static one, the periodic one or the multiperiodic one) will intensify the productivity of a complex system. An illustrative example of the multiperiodic optimization of a complex chemical production system is presented.

Multiperiod optimization of cooling water system with flexible topology network

Cooling water systems(CWSs)are extensively utilized in various industries to eliminate the excess heat and converse energy.Studies on CWSs mainly concentrated on finding the optimal cooler network structure.In addition,some works also considered the optimal design under varied operation conditions.However,in these works,once the optimal design of the cooler's network is determined,its arrangement remains fixed and cannot be adapted to accommodate diverse operating conditions.In this work,a flexible topology network concept is proposed to make the adjustment of network structure possible under different operation conditions.The CWS with integrated air cooler and flexible topology network has better overall performance,represented by a mixed integer nonlinear programming(MINLP)model that require advanced tools such as GAMS software.Case studies revealed that the proposed methodology can realize better energy-saving performance,and improve the economic performance under varied operation conditions.The impact of critical flexible nodes on system configuration and economy is achieved by sensitivity analysis.

生态文明建设示范区对企业全要素生产率的影响研究——基于财政分权视角

生态文明建设示范区是中国政府推进生态文明建设的一项制度创新。本文以2011~2022年沪深A股制造业上市公司为研究样本,采用多期双重差分模型实证探究生态文明建设示范区对企业全要素生产率的影响。研究发现:(1)生态文明建设示范区提升了企业全要素生产率,且这一结果在经过一系列稳健性检验后仍然成立;(2)生态文明建设示范区对企业全要素生产率的促进作用随着财政分权程度的提高而降低;(3)进一步分析表明,生态文明建设示范区对企业全要素生产率的促进作用在非国有企业、东部企业和大规模企业中更显著。生态文明建设示范区主要是通过缓解企业面临的融资约束来促进企业全要素生产率的提升。本文的研究对于全面建设生态文明、促进企业转型、提升企业全要素生产率和经济的高质量发展具有一定的参考意义。

Paired Assistance:Policy Rationale and Economic Performance as Illustrated by Xizang and Xinjiang

This study highlights the changing priorities of China’s paired assistance throughout the past decades,as well as its theoretical implications and economic growth effects for recipient regions.Using panel data from 32 prefecture-level cities from 1990 to 2020,this study uses the multiperiod difference-in-differences approach to examine how paired assistance has contributed to economic growth in Xizang Autonomous Region and Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region.The findings indicate that,first,the implementation of the paired assistance policy has boosted economic growth in Xizang and Xinjiang.Second,paired assistance has stimulated economic growth in recipient communities by improving infrastructure.Third,paired assistance has contributed to economic growth in recipient communities by providing improved public services such as education and healthcare.Improvements to public services have a relatively smaller indirect effect in short term than infrastructure development on economic growth.Yet both education and healthcare are crucial to people’s quality of life in recipient communities.This paper has refined and broadened research on the effects of paired assistance,providing preference for future policymaking.

具有实际约束的多阶段M-V投资组合时间一致性策略研究

从动态规划的角度分析,方差算子的不可分离性导致标准的多阶段均值-方差模型的最优投资策略不满足时间一致性。文章采用条件期望映射的方法,构建了一个具有交易成本、借贷约束和阈值约束的多阶段M-V投资组合模型。由于考虑了交易成本,该模型是一个具有路径依赖性的动态优化问题。为了获得其时间一致性投资策略,文章将该问题近似地转化为连续性动态规划模型,证明最优解的近似度,并运用离散迭代算法求解。最后,使用上海证券交易所的部分历史数据验证了模型和算法的有效性。

新型城镇化改革与缩小城乡收入差距——基于县级行政区面板数据的实证研究

城乡收入差距居高不下是全球性难题,我国新型城镇化改革成果能否公平惠及不同人群和地区,进而缩小城乡居民收入差距,是一个备受关注的问题。本文借助三批新型城镇化综合试点提供的准自然实验背景,基于2012年至2019年2805个县级行政区的面板数据和多期双重差分模型,使用插补估计方法对政策效应进行评估后发现,在这一较短时间段内,新型城镇化改革对试点县级行政区的城乡人均可支配收入差距有正向影响。产业结构转型升级加快、地方政府宏观调控力度加大、非农固定资产投资占比提高、县域耕地面积减少以及由于户口性质转换导致的纯统计意义上的城乡收入水平变化,是该影响的重要作用机制。异质性分析显示,中部和西部试点地区的城乡收入差距在政策作用下显著缩小,东部地区则相反,这一差异表明新型城镇化改革向中西部倾斜的政策举措有利于缩小城乡差距。

多阶段均值—标准差投资组合时间一致性策略研究

文章运用标准差度量投资组合的风险,考虑交易成本、借贷约束和阈值约束等情况,提出了具有Vasicek随机利率和风险偏好的多阶段均值-标准差投资组合模型(V-M-SD)。基于博弈论的方法,将该模型转化为时间一致的动态优化问题,并使用离散近似迭代法求解满足时间一致性的最优投资组合。最后,实证分析借贷约束、阈值约束和风险规避系数对V-M-SD模型的最优时间一致性策略的影响。研究发现,当其他约束条件保持不变时,在一定的阈值范围内,投资组合的终期财富分别与借贷约束、阈值约束、风险规避系数正相关、正相关、负相关;投资组合的单位风险水平分别与借贷约束、阈值约束、风险规避系数负相关、负相关、正相关。

Existence of Equilibrium of Multiperiod Plan-Market Economy with the Stock Market

Consider a sequence of markets for goods and securities at successive dates, each market is a hybrid of plan and market, no one of which is complete in Arrow\|Debreu sense. Pseudo\|equilibrium and equilibrium of such an economic model are introduced and the existence of which is demonstrated.

Multiperiod Optimal Allocation of Emergency Resources in Support of Cross-Regional Disaster Sustainable Rescue

Cross-regional allocation is necessary for the rational utilization and optimal allocation of resources.It is also the key to effective and sustainable disaster relief.Existing research,however,generally centers on emergency resource allocation only within territories or regions.This article proposes a multiperiod allocation optimization model for emergency resources based on regional selfrescue and cross-regional collaborative rescue efforts.The model targets the shortest delivery time and lowest allocation costs as its efficiency goals and the maximum coverage rate of resource allocation in the disaster-affected locations as its equity goal.An objective weighting fuzzy algorithm based on two-dimensional Euclidean distance is designed to solve the proposed model.A case study based on the Wenchuan Earthquake of 12 May 2008 was conducted to validate the proposed model.The results indicate that our proposed model allows for optimal,multiperiod cross-regional resource allocation by combining interterritorial and nearby allocation principles.Cross-regional relief makes resource allocation more equitable,minimizes dissatisfaction,and prevents losses.Different decision preferences appear to significantly affect the choice of resource allocation scheme employed,which provides flexibility for decision making in different emergencies.

Integrated optimization of multiproduct multiperiod transportation and inventory under a carbon cap constraint for online retailers

This study aims to solve the problem of multiproduct multiperiod integrated transportation and inventory optimization for online retailers.A carbon cap constraint and multitype of capacitated trucks are simultaneously incorporated into the proposed mixed-integer program.A simulated annealing(SA)algorithm is designed.CPLEX 12.9.0 is used to solve the submodel obtained from the neighbourhood search and is also used to get the optimal solutions for instances.Experimental results show that the simulated annealing algorithm can find satisfactory solutions within a reasonable time.When the problem size increases,the growth of the computational time of the SA algorithm is significantly smaller than that of the CPLEX.A sensitivity analysis for the carbon cap is also conducted.The results indicate that if the carbon cap is gradually tightened,the total cost increases first with a gentle slope,and then with a remarkable slope,same as for the total number of trucks used;the total carbon emissions first decrease with a gentle slope,and then decline with a significant slope.When the carbon cap is strict,only a few different types of trucks will be considered.The percentage changes of the total cost increase and the total carbon emission reduction are also compared.When the allowed carbon emissions are gradually reduced,situation of a higher amount of carbon emission reduction and a lower amount of cost increase can be achieved.Additionally,using multiple types of trucks in the integrated optimization of transportation and inventory decisions can achieve greater cost savings with lower increments of carbon emission.

A simultaneous approach for integration of thermal energy storages in industrial processes using multiperiod heat integration

In times of increasing global warming,enormous efforts are required to rapidly reduce greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions.Due to the EU’s target of climate neutrality by 2050 and the even more ambitious goal of becoming climate-neutral in Germany by 2045,it is necessary to systematically increase energy efficiency and decarbonize the industrial heat sector.The methods of heat integration can be used to exploit existing potentials for waste heat utilization and to integrate renewable technologies for heating and cooling.By using a non-stationary,multiperiod approach,additional energy savings can be achieved by integrating a thermal energy storage(TES)that enables heat transportation over time.This paper presents a simultaneous approach for thermal energy storage integration into multiperiod heat integration problems.The approach can be used to minimize energy demand,costs and CO 2 emissions and is demonstrated in two case studies.In case study 1,it is shown that the presented approach is capable of integrating a TES properly into a simple multiperiod heat integration problem with two periods.In case study 2,a simplified example from a cosmetics manufactory is investigated.The total utility demand can be reduced by up to 44.3%due to TES integration and the energetic optimal storage size can be determined as 125 m 3.The savings are strongly dependent on the constellation of heat flows between the periods,on the temperature levels and on the storage size.Significant reductions of energy demand,costs and CO 2 emissions can be achieved with TES being properly integrated into a suitable operating environment.

服务业制度型开放对区域绿色创新的影响研究——基于服务外包示范城市建设的准自然实验

基于中国2006—2020年281个样本城市的面板数据,在梳理服务业制度型开放促进绿色创新的理论机制基础上,运用多期双重差分方法实证检验了服务外包示范城市政策对区域绿色创新水平的影响。研究发现:第一,服务外包示范城市政策显著促进了示范城市绿色创新的量质齐升,通过一系列稳健性检验,该促进作用依旧显著。第二,机制检验结果表明服务外包示范城市政策主要通过提升人力资本质量、优化产业结构、扩大开放程度提高区域的绿色创新水平。第三,服务外包示范城市政策对绿色创新的影响存在显著的城市区位异质性与城市信息化程度异质性,该政策在沿海省份的城市与信息化程度较高的城市对绿色创新的促进作用更强。

具有基数约束的多阶段均值-半方差可信性投资组合优化

文章探讨了一个多阶段模糊收益的投资组合优化问题。考虑交易成本、借贷约束、阈值约束和基数约束等现实约束,提出了一种新的多阶段均值-半方差可信性投资组合模型。在该模型中,本文分别运用可信性期望值和半方差来度量投资组合收益和风险。基于可信性理论,将该模型转化为一个动态优化问题。由于存在交易成本和基数约束,该模型是具有路径依赖性的混合整数动态优化问题。本文提出了一种新的离散近似迭代方法进行求解,并证明其线性收敛性。最后,文章运用了具体的算例以验证算法和模型的有效性。

河北良岗紫荆关断裂带特征研究

紫荆关断裂带系属太行山深大断裂,长期以来是华北地区地质构造研究的热点。在充分研究前人成果和区域地质背景的基础上结合研究区实际,从紫荆关断裂带在良岗地区的地质、遥感、重力、航磁等多个维度入手,总结了其在研究区内地表及深部基本地质特征,较系统地分析了其自新太古代至新生代的多期活动特性,并相应的浅析了其运动学、动力学特征。研究区紫荆关断裂带整体上表现为北东向正断层,规模宏大,深切莫霍面。早在新太古代—古元古代期间该断裂带可能已具有一定的规模,古元古代进一步形成和发展,古生代未有明显活动,中生代侏罗纪—白垩纪为强烈变形阶段,新生代期间继承性活动。

Multistage Stochastic Programming Model for the Portfolio Problem of a Property-Liability Insurance Company

The current portfolio model for property-liability insurance company is only single period that can not meet the practical demands of portfolio management, and the purpose of this paper is to develop a multiperiod model for its portfolio problem. The model is a multistage stochastic programming which considers transaction costs, cash flow between time periods, and the matching of asset and liability; it does not depend on the assumption for normality of return distribution. Additionally, an investment constraint is added. The numerical example manifests that the multiperiod model can more effectively assist the property-liability insurer to determine the optimal composition of insurance and investment portfolio and outperforms the single period one.

基于多时段信息融合的配电变压器运行状态评估模型

为了更加全面准确地评估配电变压器的运行状态,基于多时段信息融合构建配电变压器运行状态评估模型。建立状态评估函数对定量指标进行评估;综合2类集值统计专家估价法,引入专家评估信任因子对定性指标进行评估;综合相似度聚类分析和模糊层次分析法进行评估指标的最优权重分配;基于多变量灰色预测模型和改进证据理论融合多时段状态信息以评判配变的综合运行状态。基于该评估模型对54台配变进行状态评估,通过比较每台配变的状态评估结果和其实际运行工况,得到该模型的评估准确率约达96.296%,验证了该评估模型的可行性,为配变状态评估提供了一种新的思路。

张家口—渤海断裂带西缘壳幔过渡带研究

利用复杂性系数、频谱分析和小波变换方法处理了穿过张家口—渤海断裂带西缘的地震测深剖面的Pm波形资料 ,研究不同构造单元壳幔过渡带的多参数特征以及它们在岩石圈构造演化中的意义 .结果表明 :不同构造单元Pm波的复杂性系数和频谱特征有较大差异 ,内蒙地轴复杂性系数小 ,莫霍面具有明显的一级间断面特征 ,怀安—张北位于张家口—渤海断裂带的西缘 ,该区域Pm波复杂性系数大并且频谱为多极值 ,Moho面为复杂的壳幔过渡带 .利用小波分析和反射率理论地震图得到该壳幔过渡带由 2～ 3层组成 ,总厚度约为 6～ 9km ,最大厚度位于怀安盆地下方 .该壳幔过渡带是大陆裂谷环境中底侵作用的产物 ,壳幔过渡带的分层特征与该区域中新生代的多期岩浆活动有密切联系 .

基于支持向量分位数回归多期VaR测度

为实现VaR风险准确测度,考虑到波动聚集、厚尾与非对称等金融市场典型特征,基于支持向量分位数回归模型,研究了VaR及其影响因素之间的线性及非线性依赖关系,给出了多期VaR风险测度方法,并将其与传统VaR风险测度方法进行了比较.选取上证指数、香港恒生指数和标准普尔500指数进行实证研究,VaR回测检验结果表明基于支持向量分位数回归模型的多期VaR风险测度在样本内与样本外都有良好的表现.

多周期操作工况下无分流换热网络的弹性设计

提出了基于多周期无分流换热网络的超结构形式及弹性设计方法——同步优化方法。首先建立网络多周期操作工况下的超结构模型；然后用遗传算法对上述模型进行求解。该方法能自动地合成多周期操作工况的换热网络最优流程结构。最后，通过换热网络的最优合成设计实例，说明本方法的有效性和应用前景。