Intelligent reflecting surface-assisted cognitive radio-inspired rate-splitting multiple access systems

Intelligent reflecting surface(IRS)has been widely regarded as a promising technology for configuring wireless propagation environments.In this paper,we utilize IRS to assist transmission of a secondary user(SU)in a cognitive radio-inspired rate-splitting multiple access(CR-RSMA)system in which a primary user's(PU's)quality of service(QoS)requirements must be guaranteed.Without introducing intolerable interference to deteriorate the PU's outage performance,the SU conducts rate-splitting to transmit its signal to the base-station through the direct link and IRS reflecting channels.For the IRS-assisted CR-RSMA(IRS-CR-RSMA)scheme,we derive the optimal transmit power allocation,target rate allocation,and successive interference cancellation decoding order to enhance the outage performance of the SU.The closed-form expression for the SU's outage probability achieved by the IRS-CR-RSMA scheme is derived.Various simulation results are presented to clarify the enhanced outage performance achieved by the proposed IRS-CR-RSMA scheme over the CR-RSMA scheme.

New acquisition decision algorithm for multiple access interference suppression in DSSS system

For decreasing the multiple access interference of weaker signal acquisition in direct sequence spread spectrum（DSSS） systems,a new single decision algorithm is presented.The maximum value of correlation results is conventionally detected.However,there may be not only one strong peak among correlation results when the cross-correlation noise is strong enough to affect the correlation results.The proposed algorithm decreases the false alarm probability through the decision of the ratio of the maximum value and the second maximum value of the correlation results.Theoretical analysis and simulation results indicate that the proposed algorithm effectively suppresses the acquisition problem of multiple access interference in DSSS system.

Uplink Performance Evaluation of CDMA Communication System with RAKE Receiver and Multiple Access Interference Cancellation

In CDMA communication systems, all the subscribers share the common channel. The limitation factor on the system’s capacity is not the bandwidth, but multiuser interference and the near far problem. This paper models CDMA system from the perspective of mobile radio channels corrupted by additive white noise generated by multipath and multiple access interferences. The system’s receiver is assisted using different combining diversity techniques. Performance analysis of the system with these detection techniques is presented. The paper demonstrates that combining diversity techniques in the system’s receivers markedly improve the performance of CDMA systems.

Iterative Signal Detection Based Soft Interference Cancellation for Satellite-Terrestrial Downlink NOMA Systems

To improve the bit error rate(BER)performance of multi-user signal detection in satelliteterrestrial downlink non-orthogonal multiple access(NOMA)systems,an iterative signal detection algorithm based on soft interference cancellation with optimal power allocation is proposed.Given that power allocation has a significant impact on BER performance,the optimal power allocation is obtained by minimizing the average BER of NOMA users.According to the allocated powers,successive interference cancellation(SIC)between NOMA users is performed in descending power order.For each user,an iterative soft interference cancellation is performed,and soft symbol probabilities are calculated for soft decision.To improve detection accuracy and without increasing the complexity,the aforementioned algorithm is optimized by adding minimum mean square error(MMSE)signal estimation before detection,and in each iteration soft symbol probabilities are utilized for soft-decision of the current user and also for the update of soft interference of the previous user.Simulation results illustrate that the optimized algorithm i.e.MMSE-IDBSIC significantly outperforms joint multi-user detection and SIC detection by 7.57dB and 8.03dB in terms of BER performance.

A Survey of Downlink Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access for 5G Wireless Communication Networks

Non-orthogonal multiple access （NOMA） has been recognized as a promising multiple access technique for the next generation cel-lular communication networks. In this paper, we first discuss a simple NOMA model with two users served by a single-carrier si-multaneously to illustrate its basic principles. Then, a more general model with multicarrier serving an arbitrary number of users on each subcarrier is also discussed. An overview of existing works on performance analysis, resource allocation, and multiple-in-put multiple-output NOMA are summarized and discussed. Furthermore, we discuss the key features of NOMA and its potential re-search challenges.

Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access in Cell-Free Massive MIMO Networks

In this paper, we investigate the downlink performance of cell-free massive multi-input multi-output non-orthogonal multiple access(CF-m MIMO-NOMA) system with conjugate beamforming precoder and compare against the orthogonal multiple access(OMA) counterpart. A novel achievable closed-form spectral efficiency(SE) expression is derived, which characterizes the effects of the channel estimation error, pilot contamination, imperfect successive interference cancellation(SIC) operation, and power optimization technique. Then, motivated by the closedform result, a sum-SE maximization algorithm with the sequential convex approximation(SCA) is proposed, subject to each AP power constraint and SIC power constraint. Numerical experiments indicate that the proposed sum-SE maximization algorithms have a fast converge rate, within about five iterations. In addition, compared with the full power control(FPC) scheme, our algorithms can significantly improve the achievable sum-SE. Moreover, NOMA outperforms OMA in many respects in the presence of the proposed algorithms.

Frameworks of Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access Techniques in Cognitive Radio Communication Systems

Recently,the increasing demand of radio spectrum for the next generation communication systems due to the explosive growth of applications appetite for bandwidths has led to the problem of spectrum scarcity.The potential approaches among the proposed solutions to resolve this issue are well explored cognitive radio(CR)technology and recently introduced non-orthogonal multiple access(NOMA)techniques.Both the techniques are employed for efficient spectrum utilization and assure the significant improvement in the spectral efficiency.Further,the significant improvement in spectral efficiency can be achieved by combining both the techniques.Since the CR is well-explored technique as compared to that of the NOMA in the field of communication,therefore it is worth and wise to implement this technique over the CR.In this article,we have presented the frameworks of NOMA implementation over CR as well as the feasibility of proposed frameworks.Further,the differences between proposed CR-NOMA and conventional CR frameworks are discussed.Finally,the potential issues regarding the implementation of CR-NOMA are explored.

Joint Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) & Walsh-Hadamard Transform: Enhancing the Receiver Performance

Non-orthogonal multiple access(NOMA) is a new access method to achieve high performance gains in terms of capacity and throughput, so it is currently under consideration as one of the candidates for fifth generation(5 G) technologies. NOMA utilizes power domain in order to superimpose signals of multiple users in a single transmitted signal. This creates a lot of interference at the receive side. Although the use of successive interference cancellation(SIC) technique reduces the interference, but to further improve the receiver performance, in this paper, we have proposed a joint Walsh-Hadamard transform(WHT) and NOMA approach for achieving better performance gains than the conventional NOMA. WHT is a well-known code used in communication systems and is used as an orthogonal variable spreading factor(OVSF) in communication systems. Application of WHT to NOMA results in low bit error rate(BER) and high throughput performance for both low and high channel gain users. Further, it also reduces peak to average power ratio(PAPR) of the user signal. The results are discussed in terms of comparison between the conventionalNOMA and the proposed technique, which shows that it offers high performance gains in terms of low BER at different SNR levels, reduced PAPR, high user throughput performance and better spectral efficiency.

Routing Protocol in Underwater Wireless Acoustic Communication Using Non Orthogonal Multiple Access

The underwater wireless communication with the complexity of attenuation and low propagation speed makes resource constraints in networking sensor nodes and sink.Underwater Sensor Transmission with Attenuation Calculation using Non Orthogonal Multiple Access(UWSTAC-NOMA)protocol has been proposed.This protocol calculates channel gain along with attenuation in underwater channels and provides internetworking sensor for rate allocation minimizing interference.Successive Interference Cancellation has been used at the receiving sensor to decode the information sent.The network level performance of sensors and increasing the data rate improves the overall throughput.Simultaneously,connecting several sensors to sink based on its depth region of deployment has been achieved using Underwater Sensor Transmission with Attenuation Calculation using Non Orthogonal Multiple Access(UWSTAC-NOMA).The analytical background of attenuation never confuted the simulation results of the proposed protocol in NS2 simulator.Simulation results shows that the throughput,average bit error rate and residual energy of sink performance.

BER Performance of Space-Time Coded MMSE DFE for Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA)

In recent times, there has been growing interests in integration of voice, data and video traffic in wireless communication networks. With these growing interests, WCDMA has immerged as an attractive access technique. The performance of WCDMA system is deteriorated in presence of multipath fading environment. The paper presents space-time coded minimum mean square error (MMSE) Decision Feedback Equalizer (DFE) for wideband code division multiple access (WCDMA) in a frequency selective channel. The filter coefficients in MMSE DFE are optimized to suppress noise, intersymbol interference (ISI), and multiple access interference (MAI) with reasonable system complexity. For the above structure, we have presented the estimation of BER for a MMSE DFE using computer simulation experiments. The simulation includes the effects of additive white Gaussian noise, multipath fading and multiple access interference (MAI). Furthermore, the performance is compared with standard linear equalizer (LE) and RAKE receiver. Numerical and simulation results show that the MMSE DFE exhibits significant performance improvement over the standard linear equalizer (LE) and RAKE receiver.

Performance Analysis of Multiple User Optical Code Division Multiple Access

In this paper, we discuss and analyze an optical code division multiple access for multiple user system. Media access control implementation has been considered. For fulfilling the huge need of bandwidth services, technology tends to move to optical networks and three major optical systems come into existence. Code division of the optical network is most used and real concept interacted with users up to this time. Optical code division multiple access provides complete spectrum to each and every user for the time of accessing the channel. In the paper, we have proposed network architecture with optical encoder and decoder along with optical code translator which is supporting multiple user systems. We integrate the code translator with encoding and decoding of optical code to use the optical network at full extent and present the simulation validation results of 6 Gb/s 3-hop transmission by use of proposed architecture. Further, we have implemented experimentation with 6 users 3 Gb/s optical code division multiple access network. Through simulation structure, it is shown that the combination of encoding with EDFA in multiple user environment system provides improvement in bit error rate and also improves the multiple access interference. With increase of users in the network, MAI value increases and our proposed scheme controls interference in the network.

非理想干扰消除全双工协作NOMA系统性能分析及功率分配

随着非正交多址接入(Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access,NOMA)技术的不断发展,协作NOMA(Cooperative Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access,CNOMA)也受到广泛关注.该文研究了由一个基站(Base Station,BS)、一个远端用户和一个近端用户组成的全双工(Full-Duplex,FD)协作NOMA(FD-CNOMA)系统,其中近端用户作为一个FD解码转发中继以传输远端用户的信号.考虑实际情况中存在基站与远端用户有无直接链路两种情况,以及非理想连续干扰消除(Successive Interference Cancellation,SIC)对系统带来的残留干扰问题,该文提出并解决了在该模型下用户的功率分配问题.最后,该文基于此模型给出了中继用户和远端用户的中断概率闭式表达式和遍历速率的近似闭式表达式.理论分析与仿真结果表明,即便存在非理想SIC和自干扰,相对于半双工(Half-Duplex,HD)协作NOMA(HDCNOMA)和NOMA系统而言,FD-CNOMA系统表现出更好的系统性能.同时,非理想SIC和中继用户自干扰都会对用户性能产生负面影响,且非理想SIC在遍历速率上对HD机制的影响较FD机制更为严重.最后,文中提出的功率分配方法较随机功率分配和固定功率分配分别获得了13%和10%的速率提升.

大规模卫星星座组网的码分多址干扰分析

码分多址(CDMA)的通信体制是大规模卫星星座组网的主要部分,针对星间多通道通信存在多址干扰的情况,对其接收链路建立模型,描述灵敏度与比特能量噪声密度比(BENR)、设备采样信噪比(SNR)的关系,并分析多址干扰和加性白噪声对SNR的影响。在MATLAB仿真不同接收、干扰功率时的BENR与灵敏度,仿真结果表明,信干比(SIR)大于0 dB时,干扰信号对灵敏度影响较小,而维持高灵敏度时可抵抗−6 dB干扰。建立3个发射器和1个接收器的实验平台,由Chipscope、MATLAB软件处理数据,得到符合实际应用需求的接收灵敏度,实验结果表明,SIR大于0 dB时,接收灵敏度可达−107 dBm,高灵敏度下可抵抗−9 dB干扰,误差影响因素为电路噪声。理论分析与实测相符,为实际低轨卫星星座组网的设计奠定了基础。

基于安全中断概率的NOMA-FD车载中继选择方案

全双工(Full-Duplex,FD)非正交多址接入(Non-orthogonal Multiple Access,NOMA)车载协作通信网络中信道的广播特性使得车载通信安全性难以得到有效保障,且容易造成网络中断。由此提出一种以降低安全中断概率(Secrecy Outage Probability,SOP)为目标的NOMA-FD最优中继选择方案。该方案通过任意中继给窃听车辆用户发送干扰噪声和对NOMA全双工中继采用剩余自干扰消除技术来联合保障合法车载用户安全高效数据传输。数值分析也验证了理论结果。值得说明的是,合理参数设置可极大地减少系统的安全中断概率,在保证较低系统复杂度的同时,有效提高系统的安全性能。

Nakagami-m信道下无人机辅助的速率分拆多址接入协作通信系统性能研究

针对多用户通信资源短缺、分配不均衡的问题,该文研究了基于速率分拆多址接入技术(RSMA)的无人机(UAV)辅助多用户下行通信网络。在复杂的实际通信环境中,频率复用所引起的无用信号的干扰不可避免,考虑无人机与各用户节点信息传输受共道干扰影响,在Nakagami-m衰落信道下推导了该无人机协作通信系统的中断概率和信道容量的精确闭式表达式,证明共道干扰的存在使得高信噪比(SNR)区域系统的分集阶数为0。结果表明,在相同的空间模型下,采用RSMA通信方案的系统性能优于非正交多址(NOMA)方案;无人机飞行速度增大时,地-空通信建立视距链路的概率降低,系统中断性能下降。因此,在满足用户实际通信的需求时需要综合考虑无人机飞行速度、多址接入方式、系统性能以及通信连通性,以实现对无人机通信系统整体的有效权衡。

可重构智能表面辅助多用户NOMA网络鲁棒资源分配

在不完美信道状态信息(Channel State Information,CSI)和不完美串行干扰消除(Successive Interference Cancellation,SIC)的场景下,研究了可重构智能表面(Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface,RIS)辅助多用户非正交多址接入(Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access,NOMA)网络的鲁棒资源分配问题.在考虑两类用户(信息用户和能量用户)服务质量(Quality of Service,QoS)和信息用户SIC约束下,建立了基站发射功率最小化的优化问题.该问题是一个多变量耦合的非凸优化问题.为了求解该问题,本文使用松弛变量、线性近似、S-程序、符号定性法转化该问题的非凸约束.然后将优化问题分解为两个子问题,最后使用交替优化方法迭代求解两个子问题,直到发送功率收敛.仿真结果表明:该文算法具有较好的收敛性,实现了资源的鲁棒分配,同时有效地降低基站发射功率.

不同解码方案下的星地融合网络混合多址接入性能分析

该文针对地面中继辅助的星地融合网络(ISTNs),分析了卫星采用不同解码方案时系统性能的差异。首先,提出一种新颖的用户配对方案,通过位置信息将卫星波束覆盖范围内的多个用户分为若干个组。接着,为了提高传输可靠性以及频谱利用率,用户采用混合多址接入技术与卫星进行通信。进一步,在考虑用户-地面中继链路服从Nakagami-m分布,地面中继-卫星链路服从相关阴影莱斯分布的情况下,分别推导出基于连续干扰消除(SIC)和联合解码(JD)两种解码方案的系统中断概率和吞吐量的闭合表达式。最后,计算机仿真验证了理论分析的正确性和所提方案相比正交多址(OMA)方案的优越性,并揭示了JD解码技术在ISTNs中的可行性。

新型非正交多址接入技术:理论、应用与未来方向

第六代移动通信系统面临着前所未有的技术挑战,NOMA作为解决6G关键问题的重要手段,近年来得到了广泛的研究讨论。与传统正交多址接入方案相比,NOMA的主要特点是通过非正交资源分配服务更多数量的用户,并通过干扰消除技术抵消用户间干扰的影响。首先介绍了NOMA的基本理论,然后讨论了6G场景下NOMA关键技术的理论研究及工程实现情况,最后对NOMA的应用场景和未来研究方向进行了描述与展望。

Modeling and Analysis of OFDMA-NOMA-RA Protocol Considering Imperfect SIC in Multi-User Uplink WLANs

To address the problems of network congestion and spectrum resources shortage in multi-user large-scale scenarios,this paper proposes a twice random access OFDMA-NOMA-RA protocol combining the advantages of orthogonal frequency division multiple access(OFDMA)and non-orthogonal multiple access(NOMA).The idea of this protocol is that OFMDA is used to divide the entire frequency field into multiple orthogonal resource units(RUs),and NOMA is used on each RU to enable more users to access the channel and improve spectrum efficiency.Based on the protocol designed in this paper,in the case of imperfect successive interference cancellation(SIC),the probability of successful competition subchannels and the outage probability are derived for two scenarios:Users occupy the subchannel individually and users share the subchannel.Moreover,when two users share the channel,the decoding order of the users and the corresponding probabilities are considered.Then,the system throughput is obtained.To achieve better outage performance in the system,the optimal power allocation algorithm is proposed in this paper,which enables the optimal power allocation strategy to be obtained.Numerical results show that the larger the imperfect SIC coefficient,the worse the outage performance of weak users.Compared with pure OFDMA and NOMA,OFDMA-NOMA-RA always maintains an advantage when the imperfect SIC coefficient is less than a specific value.

不完美串行干扰消除下多RIS辅助的NOMA系统中断性能

考虑到实际通信应用中不能实现完美的串行干扰消除(SIC,serialinterferencecancellation),研究了不完美SIC情况下多个智能反射面(RIS,reconfigurableintelligentsurface)辅助的非正交多址接入(NOMA,non-orthogonal multiple access)系统的中断性能和吞吐量。联合考虑直射链路和反射链路,利用Gamma分布近似表征多RIS辅助NOMA系统的信道系数,推导出用户中断概率的近似闭合表达式,并通过Monte-Carlo仿真进行验证,分析系统中断性能与不完美SIC、RIS个数及反射单元数等因素的关系。仿真结果表明,与单RIS辅助的NOMA系统和传统NOMA系统相比,在给定中断概率要求下,多RIS辅助系统所需的信噪比(SNR,signal-to-noise ratio)降低了14.2 dBm,说明了采用多个RIS可以有效地提升用户的中断性能和系统吞吐量,从而补偿不完美SIC带来的性能损失。