Effects of EMS Treatments on Multiplication and Differentiation of Sugarcane Embryonic Cell Clusters

[ Objective] This study aimed to investigate the effects of EMS （ethyl methane sulfonate） treatments on multiplication and differentiation of sugarcane embryonic cell clusters. [ Method] Sugarcane variety Xintaitang 22 （ROC22） was used as the experimental material. After treated with different concentrations of EMS for different time, sugarcane embryonic cell clusters were collected for subculture, differentiation and rooting, to compare and analyze the correlation of differ- ent EMS treatments with the muhiplicafion and differentiation of sugarcane embryonic cell clusters. [ Result] Treating ROC22 embryonic cell clusters with 0. 10% -0.15% EMS for4-6 h led to the best results, which reached the level of semi-lethal dose. Sugarcane embryonic cell clusters treated with EMS were adopted for subculture; results indicated that browning rate of cell clusters was higher than that in control （CK） but embryonic structure proportion was lower than that in control ; in addition, multiplication multiple of sugarcane embryonic cell clusters was also lower than that in control. After treated with EMS, sugarcane em- bryonic cell clusters exhibited significantly lower bud differentiation rate and higher browning rate compared with control. Furthermore, treating sugarcane embryonic cell clusters with 0.15% EMS for 2 h was conducive to plantlet emergence and rooting of sugarcane embryonic cell clusters. [ Conclusion] This study provided the- oretical basis for effective mutagenesis of sugarcane using EMS.

Extended tanh-function Method for Solving Traveling Wave Solutions of Nonlinear Kundu Equation

In this paper, we study the existence of multiple positive periodic solutions for the second order differential equation x′′（t） ＋ p（t）x′（t） ＋ q（t）x（t） = f（t, x（t））.By using Krasnoselskii fixed point theorem, we establish some criteria for the existence and multiple positive periodic solutions for this differential equation.

Multiple symbol differential detection based on sphere decoding for unitary space-time modulation

Recently, a multiple symbol differential （MSD） sphere decoding （SD） algorithm for unitary spacetime modulation over quasi-static channel has been proved to achieve the performance of maximumlikelihood （ML） detection with relatively low complexity. However, an error floor occurs if the algorithm is applied over rapid-fading channels. Based on the assumption of continuous fading, a multiple symbol differential automatic sphere decoding （MSDASD） algorithm is developed by incorporating a recursive form of an ML metric into automatic SD （ASD） algorithm. Furthermore, two algorithms, termed as MSD approximate ASD （MSDAASD） and MSD pruning ASD （MSDPASD）, are proposed to reduce computational complexity and the number of comparisons, respectively. Compared with the existing typical algorithms, i.e., multiple symbol differential feedback detection （MS-DFD） and noncoherent sequence detection （NSD）, the performance of the proposed algorithms is much superior to that of MS-DFD and a little inferior to that of NSD, while the complexity is lower than that of MS-DFD in most cases and significantly lower than that of NSD.

MULTIPLICATIVE EXTRAPOLATION METHOD FOR CONSTRUCTING HIGHER ORDER SCHEMES FOR ORDINARY DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS

In this paper, we develop a new technique called multiplicative extrapolation method which is used to construct higher order schemes for ordinary differential equations. We call it a new method because we only see additive extrapolation method before. This new method has a great advantage over additive extrapolation method because it keeps group property. If this method is used to construct higher order schemes from lower symplectic schemes, the higher order ones are also symplectic. First we introduce the concept of adjoint methods and some of their properties. We show that there is a self-adjoint scheme corresponding to every method. With this self-adjoint scheme of lower order, we can construct higher order schemes by multiplicative extrapolation method, which can be used to construct even much higher order schemes. Obviously this constructing process can be continued to get methods of arbitrary even order.