Dynamic Response of A Group of Cylindrical Storage Tanks with Baffles Considering the Effect of Soil Foundation

The sloshing in a group of rigid cylindrical tanks with baffles and on soil foundation under horizontal excitation is studied analytically.The solutions for the velocity potential are derived out by the liquid subdomain method.Equivalent models with mass-spring oscillators are established to replace continuous fluid.Combined with the least square technique,Chebyshev polynomials are employed to fit horizontal,rocking and horizontal-rocking coupling impedances of soil,respectively.A lumped parameter model for impedance is presented to describe the effects of soil on tank structures.A mechanical model for the soil-foundation-tank-liquid-baffle system with small amount of calculation and high accuracy is proposed using the substructure technique.The analytical solutions are in comparison with data from reported literature and numerical codes to validate the effectiveness and correctness of the model.Detailed dynamic properties and seismic responses of the soil-tank system are given for the baffle number,size and location as well as soil parameter.

Experimental Investigation on the Effect of Seal Presence on the Behavior of Double-Deck Floating Roofs in Cylindrical Steel Storage Tanks

Liquid storage,particularly oil and petrochemical products which are considered hazardous liquid,are an important part of the oil industry.Thin-walled vertical cylindrical steel storage tanks are widely used in recent years.Due to high sensitivity of these structures in an earthquake and other external excitations may lead to catastrophic consequences.For instance,huge economic losses,environmental damages,and casualities,many studies have been done about these structures.past studies showed that liquid storage tanks,equipped with a floating roof,are potentially vulnerable while subjected to seismic loads and earthquake has been considered as one of the most destructive natural hazards.The reason is that such tanks are made of two separated parts(shell and roof)which each may have its own responses;sometimes causing resonance phenomenon and so that,roof movements,rooffluid interaction,roof-shell interaction,and also the way they are attached should still be investigated.Experimental tests of floating roof’s vertical fluctuation was performed in a full-scale reservoir tank and assessing of the results demonstrated that presence of a seal between floating roof and shell plate can significantly increase damping ratio in liquid sloshing and also suppress the roof`s vertical displacements.In other words,seal can control a floating roof and make it stop moving vertically over few cycles.

Coupling dynamic analysis of spacecraft with multiple cylindrical tanks and flexible appendages

This paper is mainly concerned with the coupling dynamic analysis of a complex spacecraft consisting of one main rigid platform, multiple liquid-filled cylindrical tanks, and a number of flexible appendages. Firstly, the carrier potential function equations of liquid in the tanks are deduced according to the wall boundary conditions. Through employ- ing the Fourier-Bessel series expansion method, the dynamic boundaries conditions on a curved free-surface under a low-gravity environment are transformed to general simple differential equations and the rigid-liquid coupled sloshing dynamic state equations of liquid in tanks are obtained. The state vectors of rigid-liquid coupled equations are composed with the modal coordinates of the relative potential func- tion and the modal coordinates of wave height. Based on the B ernoulli-Euler beam theory and the D＇Alembert＇s prin- ciple, the rigid-flexible coupled dynamic state equations of flexible appendages are directly derived, and the coordi- nate transform matrixes of maneuvering flexible appendages are precisely computed as time-varying. Then, the cou- pling dynamics state equations of the overall system of the spacecraft are modularly built by means of the Lagrange＇s equations in terms of quasi-coordinates. Lastly, the cou-piing dynamic performances of a typical complex spacecraft are studied. The availability and reliability of the presented method are also confirmed.

Stable response of low-gravity liquid non-linear sloshing in a circle cylindrical tank

Under pitch excitation, the sloshing of liquid in circular cylindrical tank includes planar motion, rotary motion and rotary motion inside planar motion. The boundaries between stable motion and unstable motion depend on the radius of the tank, the liquid height, the gravitational intension, the surface tensor and the sloshing damping. In this article, the differential equations of nonlinear sloshing are built first. And by variational principle, the Lagrange function of liquid pressure is constructed in volume intergration form. Then the velocity potential function is expanded in series by wave height function at the free surface. The nonlinear equations with kinematics and dynamics free surface boundary conditions through variation are derived. At last, these equations are solved by multiple-scales method. The influence of Bond number on the global stable response of nonlinear liquid sloshing in circular cylinder tank is analyzed in detail. The result indicates that variation of amplitude frequency response characteristics of the system with Bond, jump, lag and other nonlinear phenomena of liquid sloshing are investigated.

THE FREE BENDING VIBRATION OF CYLINDRICAL TANK PARTIALLY FILLED WITH-LIQUID AND SUBMERGED IN WATER

This paper studies the free bending vibration of cylindrical tank partially filled with liquid and submerged in water. The depths of liquid and water may be completely arbitrary. The exact calculating formulae of mode shape functions and inherent frequencies are deduced. The results can be gained by means of computer. The analysis shows that the effect of liquid and water on vibration of cylindrical tank is respectively equivalent to a generalized distributive mass attached to the tank.

Multidimensional modal analysis of liquid nonlinear sloshing in right circular cylindrical tank

The multidimensional modal theory proposed by Faltinsen, et al. （2000） is applied to solve liquid nonlinear free sloshing in right circular cylindrical tank for the first time. After selecting the leading modes and fixing the order of magnitudes based on the Narimanov-Moiseev third order asymptotic hypothesis, the general infinite dimensional modal system is reduced to a five dimensional asymptotic modal system （the system of second order nonlinear ordinary differential equations coupling the generalized time dependent coordinates of free surface wave elevation）. The numerical integrations of this modal system discover most important nonlinear phenomena, which agree well with both pervious analytic theories and experimental observations. The results indicate that the multidimensional modal method is a very good tool for solving liquid nonlinear sloshing dynamics and will be developed to investigate more complex sloshing problem in our following work.

The Research Application of 3D Laser Scanning Technology in the Deformation Detection of Large Cylindrical Oil Tank

In order to ensure the safety in using a large cylindrical storage tank,it is necessary to regularly detect its defonnatioii.The traditional total station method has high accuracy in determining the deformation,however,it has a low measxirement efficiency.Long-term observation means,there are more risks in the petrochemical plant,therefore,this paper proposes the usage of the 3D laser scanner,replacing the traditional total station to determine the defbnnation of a large cylindrical storage tank.The Matlab program,is compiled to calculate the point cloud data,while the tank deformation is analyzed from two different points which are,the local concave convex degree and the ovality degree.It is concluded that,the difference between the data obtained by 3D laser scanning,and total station is within the range of oil tank deformation limit,therefore,3D laser scanner can be used for oil tank deformation detection.

圆环筒贮箱液体绕横轴的有效转动惯量

航天器贮箱内液体绕横轴和纵轴的有效转动惯量参数是飞行控制系统仿真分析的重要基础,本文分析整理了航天器圆环筒形平底贮箱内液体的有效转动惯量计算方法,依据自由液面平底圆环筒贮箱平动和绕质心横向转动激励下的液体晃动力与力矩的解析表达式,推导了激励频率趋于无限大时,液体平动晃动合力作用点所在位置和绕质心的有效转动惯量表达式,并在平底圆筒条件下利用移轴定理,验证了与液体惯性中心所在位置和绕惯性中心有效转动惯量的一致性。分析了贮箱深度和内、外径比对液体转动惯量的影响规律,补充完善了液体转动晃动特性的理论分析成果。

地震载荷下圆柱型储罐内晃荡响应的数值模拟

为了研究地震载荷下圆柱型储罐内液体的晃荡特性,选用15种典型的地震信号,采用计算流体力学软件Fluent进行数值仿真,以探究地震的频率、频率成分、峰值速度以及峰值加速度对晃荡波高和水动压的作用规律。结果表明:①地震主频是影响自由液面响应的主要因素之一,当其接近储液的一阶固有频率时,会激发强烈的非线性晃荡现象,工程中应添加减晃装置;②波高与地震峰值速度呈较强的正相关,并且低频成分的地震信号激发的波浪较其它频率成分的地震信号更为剧烈;③水动压在储罐上部呈对流模式分布,主要受地震主频和频率成分的影响,并与地震峰值速度和频率成分呈正相关;④水动压在储罐中、下部为脉冲模式分布,与地震峰值加速度呈线性正相关且下部的水动压增长速率明显大于中部。因此在抗震设计中,应加强罐壁下部的强度,尤其是峰值加速度较大的储罐放置场地。

蓄热室玻璃窑炉砌筑细节与要点

窑炉使用寿命的长短不仅与窑炉设计、耐材选择、日常维护和玻璃配方有关,而且与砌筑质量息息相关。砌筑质量差,会加速堵塞窑炉蓄热室,容易造成窑炉大碹窜火、掉砖以及熔化池漏料等问题,严重的会影响窑炉的使用寿命。从蓄热式窑炉基础的校正与定位、窑炉钢立柱安装、炉条碹砌筑、蓄热室墙体砌筑、筒型砖码放、池底保温层砌筑等环节入手,探讨窑炉砌筑中的一些要点与注意事项。

极端严寒天气降温工况污泥浓缩池有限元分析

为准确模拟圆形水池的受力特性,采用有限元软件中实体单元对某工程中污泥浓缩池进行建模,通过对其分析结果中弯矩及轴力计算值与计算手册静力计算表计算值进行对比,验证了模型有限元计算结果的准确性。据此建立实际工程有限元模型,并同时考虑低温环境下的水池内外温差进行分析,对本工程分析结果表明:采用实体单元能够较好模拟水池的力学性能,混凝土及钢筋的应力分布及温度应力形成的裂缝也能得到良好的体现;仅考虑满水工况下,钢筋与混凝土的应力处于较低水平;在考虑降温工况与静水压力共同作用的情况下,水池截面的竖向弯矩与环向轴力均有大幅度增长;带有附件的水池(连续走道板、挑檐、水槽等)建议采用较为精细的有限元建模。圆形混凝土水池设计中应采用加以考虑季节温差、极端天气下壁面温差的结构设计方法。

层流搅拌槽内柱状单颗粒运动特性的研究

为了完善固液搅拌槽内非球形颗粒运动特性的基础数据,利用摄像法对带有圆盘桨的层流搅拌槽内柱状单颗粒的运动过程进行可视化实验,使用图像处理方法量化颗粒运动,分析了颗粒的尺寸对颗粒运动特性的影响,并采用基于格子玻尔兹曼方法的直接数值模拟解析颗粒运动和槽内流场。研究结果表明:颗粒净重力和颗粒周围流场分布共同影响颗粒临界悬浮所需的搅拌雷诺数和黏性Shields数;颗粒偏离槽底中心运动是颗粒悬浮前的必要步骤;由颗粒周围压力梯度引起的悬浮力是颗粒上升的重要原因;颗粒在桨盘底部区域的运动轨迹、颗粒-桨盘间距和运动跟随性受颗粒长径比的影响。

推进剂贮箱用柱形金属隔膜设计优化与试验研究

为解决现有柱形贮箱使用的各类推进剂贮存管理装置的不足,打破金属隔膜式装置的传统结构形式限制,提出了新型柱形金属隔膜。介绍了其结构组成和工作原理,根据其工作特点对隔膜型面开展参数设计,再采用有限元模拟方法对隔膜壁厚分布进行仿真优化,并生产隔膜试验件进行排放试验验证。结果表明:新型柱形隔膜膨胀变形平顺规律未失效,排放效率和排放压差均可接受,为其在柱形贮箱中的工程化应用提供了技术支持和数据支撑。

国内外标准中立式圆筒形储罐罐壁开口许用外载荷计算讨论

对立式圆筒形储罐的罐壁开口许用外载荷计算,主要涉及到API 650—2018“Welded Tanks for Oil Storage”和GB 50341—2014《立式圆筒形钢制焊接油罐设计规范》这2个标准。从适用范围、计算方法、制造商和采购方工作范围、计算算例、有限元方法说明、补强类型以及相关数值来源等方面对2个标准的条文异同进行对比分析,可为标准的准确使用提供帮助。

基于有限元的大型储罐不同形状中间隔板对比分析

对某大直径储罐的中间隔板采用ANSYS软件进行了应力分析,对比了S形双曲面隔板和平面隔板的应力和变形情况,分析结果表明,平面隔板设置加强肋是一种更加合理的设计方案。与S形双曲面隔板结构相比,平面隔板变形时罐壁应力水平更小,同时,辅助支撑梁可以限制平面隔板的变形,进而降低隔板应力,提高承载能力,使结构更加优化。

竖直圆柱形水箱保温过程热分层现象与机理研究

对竖直圆柱形水箱在保温过程中热分层现象及其形成机理进行了研究。重点考察保温层条件下蓄热水箱温度场和流场的变化。主要针对各外壁面为第三类边界条件、内部流动为层流状态的情况。通过实验和数值计算2种方法进行研究。通过计算结果和实验结果的对比,验证了数值计算方法的有效性。研究结果表明:圆柱形水箱的保温过程可以分为非稳态和准稳态2个阶段。在非稳态阶段,水箱内部的流动和温度变化主要是受到侧壁面和上壁面散热的控制,而保温层温度从内向外逐渐升高,之后保温层温度整体上升。在准稳态过程中,水箱内部可分为下部的热分层区和上部的热流体区。保温层温度分布相对稳定,随时间整体下降。保温层外壁面温度达到最高值可以作为划分非稳态阶段和准稳态阶段的标志。

基于组合圆柱壳理论的大型油罐应力分析

为准确获得大型石油储罐的壁板应力分布,提出了一种长-短圆柱壳解析方法.当考虑到底板与第1层壁板连接处边缘力系对第2层壁板的影响,将第1层壁板视为短圆柱壳,其他各层壁板视为长圆柱壳,同时采用刚性-弹性地基梁耦合模型模拟底板时,导出了大型油罐壁板的应力表达式.以15×104m3浮顶油罐为研究对象,进行充水试验的现场应力测试,获得了实测应力分布.结果表明,由该方法得到的理论值与实测值吻合得较好,最大误差为6.02%,满足工程误差精度的要求,可为油罐进一步大型化提供技术支持.

圆柱形薄壁储罐对爆炸冲击波动力学响应的模拟分析

针对圆柱形薄壁储罐在爆炸冲击波载荷作用下的动力学响应进行了模拟分析。采用LS-DYNA软件模拟计算了50m3液化石油气储罐爆炸后冲击波云图以及空间点冲击波超压随时间的变化关系,并将计算结果加载到圆柱形薄壁储罐上。模拟计算结果表明,对于距离爆炸中心50m处的圆柱形薄壁储罐,面向冲击载荷的底面在冲击波超压峰值还没有来临时就已经屈服,而背向冲击载荷的顶面在0.112ms时,等效应力达到屈服界限。而迎向冲击面的顶端结构在峰值载荷冲击后不久出现屈曲,结构在峰值位移10mm时出现部分卸载,变得不再稳定。因此,当罐区发生爆炸时,圆柱形薄壁储罐极有可能出现结构强度失效和结构失稳,会在冲击波的作用下失效,是不可靠的。

立式储液罐地震反应数值分析

本文采用大型有限元程序ANSYS对立式储液罐的地震反应进行了研究,考虑了不同罐体和内部液体的相互作用,采用3个不同容积的储罐,输入不同强度的地震动时程,进行了大量的数值计算,给出了一些结论。

单罐熔融盐释热传热规律实验研究

为得到单罐内熔融盐释热传热规律以提高换热量,分析无隔板下进上出、无隔板上进下出和有隔板上进下出3种不同取热条件下熔盐的释热实验规律。通过对单罐内熔盐温度分布、释热换热器出口温度、释热换热量、能量释放率及释热换热器的瞬时效率5个评价指标对单罐蓄热系统释热性能进行分析。结果表明,单罐系统内布置圆柱形隔板,且以释热介质从蓄热罐顶部流入底部流出的取热形式,熔盐温度出现微小分层,释热换热器出口温度及释热换热量均达到最高,盘管换热器的瞬时效率最高,取热时间最短。此研究结果可为熔盐单罐蓄热系统设计提供依据。