SOI-SIMNI (Silicon On Insulator-Separation by Implanted Nitrogen) films were formed with standard method and multiple-step implantation one. The Hall-e ffect measurements (4—300K) show that the multiple-step implante...SOI-SIMNI (Silicon On Insulator-Separation by Implanted Nitrogen) films were formed with standard method and multiple-step implantation one. The Hall-e ffect measurements (4—300K) show that the multiple-step implanted SIMNI films have a lower sheet resistance and higher carrier mobility than those in standar d SIMNI films. The DLTS results indicate that there is a deep level defect (E_t=0.152 eV) in the standard SIMNI films but no such defects in the multip le-step implanted ones. The multiple-step implanted SIMNI films have good elec trical properties.展开更多
Transformation-induced plasticity(TRIP)steel possesses high strength and formability,enabling the use of a thinner gauge material and allowing for the fabrication of complex shapes.In this research,we measured the eff...Transformation-induced plasticity(TRIP)steel possesses high strength and formability,enabling the use of a thinner gauge material and allowing for the fabrication of complex shapes.In this research,we measured the effect of bending temperatures on the microstructure and air-bending springback angle of TRIP steel at temperatures from 25 to 600C.Real-time in situ X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy were used for pre-and postbending analysis.As the prebending temperature increased from 25C to 600C,the retained austenite(RA)volume fraction decreased,and the RA transformed to bainite at temperatures above 400C.The springback angle was positively correlated with the prebending RA volume fraction,with the smallest springback angle achieved at 400C.Additionally,the springback angle was positively correlated with the bending angle,because the RA transformation ratio contributed to increased strain hardening.Further microstructure analysis revealed that the RA became elongated in the tension direction as the bending temperatures increased.展开更多
The strong stochastic disturbance caused by largescale distributed energy access to power grids affects the security,stability and economic operations of the power grid.A novel multiple-step greedy policy based on the...The strong stochastic disturbance caused by largescale distributed energy access to power grids affects the security,stability and economic operations of the power grid.A novel multiple-step greedy policy based on the consensus Qlearning(MSGP-CQ)strategy is proposed in this paper,which is an automatic generation control(AGC)for distributed energy incorporating multiple-step greedy attribute and multiple-level allocation strategy.The convergence speed and learning efficiency in the MSGP algorithm are accelerated through the predictive multiple-step iteration updating in the proposed strategy,and the CQ algorithm is adopted with collaborative consensus and selflearning characteristics to enhance the adaptability of the power allocation strategy under the strong stochastic disturbances and obtain the total power commands in the power grid and the dynamic optimal allocations of the unit power.The simulations of the improved IEEE two-area load-frequency control(LFC)power system and the interconnected system model of intelligent distribution network(IDN)groups incorporating a large amount of distributed energy show that the proposed strategy can achieve the optimal coordinated control and power allocation in the power grid.The algorithm MSGP-CQ has stronger robustness and faster dynamic optimization speed and can reduce generation costs.Meanwhile it can also solve the strong stochastic disturbance caused by large-scale distributed energy access to the grid compared with some existing intelligent algorithms.展开更多
基金Project Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China Under Grant !No.697760 0 6.
文摘SOI-SIMNI (Silicon On Insulator-Separation by Implanted Nitrogen) films were formed with standard method and multiple-step implantation one. The Hall-e ffect measurements (4—300K) show that the multiple-step implanted SIMNI films have a lower sheet resistance and higher carrier mobility than those in standar d SIMNI films. The DLTS results indicate that there is a deep level defect (E_t=0.152 eV) in the standard SIMNI films but no such defects in the multip le-step implanted ones. The multiple-step implanted SIMNI films have good elec trical properties.
基金This research was funded by Faculty of Engineering,King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang.
文摘Transformation-induced plasticity(TRIP)steel possesses high strength and formability,enabling the use of a thinner gauge material and allowing for the fabrication of complex shapes.In this research,we measured the effect of bending temperatures on the microstructure and air-bending springback angle of TRIP steel at temperatures from 25 to 600C.Real-time in situ X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy were used for pre-and postbending analysis.As the prebending temperature increased from 25C to 600C,the retained austenite(RA)volume fraction decreased,and the RA transformed to bainite at temperatures above 400C.The springback angle was positively correlated with the prebending RA volume fraction,with the smallest springback angle achieved at 400C.Additionally,the springback angle was positively correlated with the bending angle,because the RA transformation ratio contributed to increased strain hardening.Further microstructure analysis revealed that the RA became elongated in the tension direction as the bending temperatures increased.
基金This work was supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51707102).
文摘The strong stochastic disturbance caused by largescale distributed energy access to power grids affects the security,stability and economic operations of the power grid.A novel multiple-step greedy policy based on the consensus Qlearning(MSGP-CQ)strategy is proposed in this paper,which is an automatic generation control(AGC)for distributed energy incorporating multiple-step greedy attribute and multiple-level allocation strategy.The convergence speed and learning efficiency in the MSGP algorithm are accelerated through the predictive multiple-step iteration updating in the proposed strategy,and the CQ algorithm is adopted with collaborative consensus and selflearning characteristics to enhance the adaptability of the power allocation strategy under the strong stochastic disturbances and obtain the total power commands in the power grid and the dynamic optimal allocations of the unit power.The simulations of the improved IEEE two-area load-frequency control(LFC)power system and the interconnected system model of intelligent distribution network(IDN)groups incorporating a large amount of distributed energy show that the proposed strategy can achieve the optimal coordinated control and power allocation in the power grid.The algorithm MSGP-CQ has stronger robustness and faster dynamic optimization speed and can reduce generation costs.Meanwhile it can also solve the strong stochastic disturbance caused by large-scale distributed energy access to the grid compared with some existing intelligent algorithms.
