Abstract： Contractual savings scheme is specific purpose saving, which was provided in Slovakia since 1993. It is a state-supported saving, the purpose of which is to finance housing needs in the Slovak Republic. Sav...Abstract： Contractual savings scheme is specific purpose saving, which was provided in Slovakia since 1993. It is a state-supported saving, the purpose of which is to finance housing needs in the Slovak Republic. Savers can be an individual, association of owners or legal person who enters into a contract with building society or for whom the contract about contractual savings scheme is concluded. State bonuses is contractual savings scheme, a significantly more attractive form of targeted saving. This ensures the supply of investment in the construction sector, which in turn through multiplier effect significantly affects other sectors of the national economy. In this article, the authors deal with the influence of contractual savings scheme to the national economy of the Slovak Republic. The main objective of this study is describing the effectiveness of state bonuses for contractual savings scheme. It is simulated through the impact of contractual savings scheme on employment, on public funds and impact on public finances. This effect is illustrated on a model of state subsidizing of each one Euro spent through the state bonuses for contractual savings scheme and its impact for the national economy with offsetting the significant role of the multiplier effect.展开更多
Tourists travel to the islands of Grenada, Barbados, and Tobago to bask in the sun of these islands＇ pristine beaches. This resulting business of tourism provides the catalyst for these host countries to deliver a va...Tourists travel to the islands of Grenada, Barbados, and Tobago to bask in the sun of these islands＇ pristine beaches. This resulting business of tourism provides the catalyst for these host countries to deliver a valuable holiday experience and the dichotomy of the negative impacts created by the very tourism industry. This paper presents three islands whose reliance on the tourism industry has stimulated economic growth, socio-cnltural benefits, and environmental preservation along with the negative impacts of environmental degradation, cultural dilution, and economic leakages. Key to this research is the management of those challenges through sustainable tourism opportunities involving various stakeholders and their role in minimizing economic leakages, social inequity, and environmental degradation.展开更多
The access divide was once the basic form of the digital divide.The development of Internet infrastructure has narrowed the access divide and increased application coverage,but it has also touched off a connectivity d...The access divide was once the basic form of the digital divide.The development of Internet infrastructure has narrowed the access divide and increased application coverage,but it has also touched off a connectivity dividend difference.Taking the online market as an example,we examine the sources of the dividend difference and the factors influencing it with in a connectivity framework.We found that the narrowing of the access divide has resulted in enhanced connectivity and platform development,giving people the chance to benefit from transforming the various assets in which they have previously invested into differentiated compound connectivity capital.In the course,the scale and rate of the conversion are affected by two multiplier effects and especially by online platforms.The process is ultimately expressed in the dividend difference.展开更多
During the COVID-19 pandemic,countries applied trade restrictions to insulate their domestic markets from the world market.However,these trade policies could have amplified international market price fluctuations.This...During the COVID-19 pandemic,countries applied trade restrictions to insulate their domestic markets from the world market.However,these trade policies could have amplified international market price fluctuations.This paper explores the effects of trade restrictions on international agricultural price volatility.A theoretical model is developed to quantify how trade policies amplify the initial shock.Using panel data covering 71 countries from January 2020 to July 2021,we examine empirically the effects of trade policies on world agricultural price volatility.The results show that trade distortions further induced volatility of world agricultural prices by around 22 percent during the COVID-19 pandemic.The multiplier effects are much more substantial in agricultural exporting countries than in importing countries.Large countries like China and the US could make significant contributions to stabilizing world prices by limiting the extent of unilateral trade policy interventions.展开更多
文摘Abstract： Contractual savings scheme is specific purpose saving, which was provided in Slovakia since 1993. It is a state-supported saving, the purpose of which is to finance housing needs in the Slovak Republic. Savers can be an individual, association of owners or legal person who enters into a contract with building society or for whom the contract about contractual savings scheme is concluded. State bonuses is contractual savings scheme, a significantly more attractive form of targeted saving. This ensures the supply of investment in the construction sector, which in turn through multiplier effect significantly affects other sectors of the national economy. In this article, the authors deal with the influence of contractual savings scheme to the national economy of the Slovak Republic. The main objective of this study is describing the effectiveness of state bonuses for contractual savings scheme. It is simulated through the impact of contractual savings scheme on employment, on public funds and impact on public finances. This effect is illustrated on a model of state subsidizing of each one Euro spent through the state bonuses for contractual savings scheme and its impact for the national economy with offsetting the significant role of the multiplier effect.
文摘Tourists travel to the islands of Grenada, Barbados, and Tobago to bask in the sun of these islands＇ pristine beaches. This resulting business of tourism provides the catalyst for these host countries to deliver a valuable holiday experience and the dichotomy of the negative impacts created by the very tourism industry. This paper presents three islands whose reliance on the tourism industry has stimulated economic growth, socio-cnltural benefits, and environmental preservation along with the negative impacts of environmental degradation, cultural dilution, and economic leakages. Key to this research is the management of those challenges through sustainable tourism opportunities involving various stakeholders and their role in minimizing economic leakages, social inequity, and environmental degradation.
文摘The access divide was once the basic form of the digital divide.The development of Internet infrastructure has narrowed the access divide and increased application coverage,but it has also touched off a connectivity dividend difference.Taking the online market as an example,we examine the sources of the dividend difference and the factors influencing it with in a connectivity framework.We found that the narrowing of the access divide has resulted in enhanced connectivity and platform development,giving people the chance to benefit from transforming the various assets in which they have previously invested into differentiated compound connectivity capital.In the course,the scale and rate of the conversion are affected by two multiplier effects and especially by online platforms.The process is ultimately expressed in the dividend difference.
基金funding from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.71903198)the Basic Research Funds for the Central Universities,Zhongnan University of Economics and Law(No.2722020JCT022)financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.71773148 and 72073128).
文摘During the COVID-19 pandemic,countries applied trade restrictions to insulate their domestic markets from the world market.However,these trade policies could have amplified international market price fluctuations.This paper explores the effects of trade restrictions on international agricultural price volatility.A theoretical model is developed to quantify how trade policies amplify the initial shock.Using panel data covering 71 countries from January 2020 to July 2021,we examine empirically the effects of trade policies on world agricultural price volatility.The results show that trade distortions further induced volatility of world agricultural prices by around 22 percent during the COVID-19 pandemic.The multiplier effects are much more substantial in agricultural exporting countries than in importing countries.Large countries like China and the US could make significant contributions to stabilizing world prices by limiting the extent of unilateral trade policy interventions.
