Effect of multipolar interaction on the effective thermal conductivity of nanofluids

Nanofluids or liquids with suspended nanoparticles are likely to be the future heat transfer media, as they exhibit higher thermal conductivity than those of liquids. It has been proposed that nanoparticles are apt to congregate and form clusters, and hence the interaction between nanoparticles becomes important. In this paper, by taking into account the interaction between nearest-neighbour inclusions, we adopt the multiple image method to investigate the effective thermal conductivity of nanofluids. Numerical results show that then the thermal conductivity ratio between the nanoparticles and fluids is large, and the two nanoparticles are close up and even touch, and the polnt-dipole theory such as Maxwell-Garnett theory becomes rough as many-body interactions are neglected. Our theoretical results on the effective thermal conductivity of CuO/water and Al2O3/water nanofluids are in good agreement with experimental data.

A STUDY OF PLASMA PROPERTIES FOR VARIOUS MAGNETIC FIELDS IN A MICROWAVE MULTIPOLAR ECR PLASMA

A sputtering-type microwave multipolar ECR plasma processing for preparing thin films, is built with Nd-Fe-B magnets and 2.45 GHz, TE10 mode microwave. The plasma distributions in the axial direction, which is important for preparing thin films, are found to be very sensitive to the magnetic potential fields in plasma chamber. The plasma parameters are also influenced by the background gas pressure.

Acoustic multipolar local effects of metamaterial with annular columnar structures

Research of the acoustic local effect of metamaterial is widely used in the fields of environmental science,military industry and biomedicine.In this paper,the metamaterial is designed by annular columnar structures.The acoustic local effect in slender columnar structure with two layers of rings in air is investigated.Results prove that when the plane acoustic wave is incident into the model,complex interference and diffraction occur.And at different frequencies,multipolar acoustic local effect existes and cycle distribution phenomenon is observed.It is noteworthy that this phenomenon has very weak relatedness with the materials and acoustic parameters of the model.The research of this metamaterial design in this paper has definite reference significance in the acoustic communication and amplification of the acoustic signal detection.

Acoustic focusing effect of composite metamaterial column in air

The acoustic focusing effect of metamaterial has a wide range of applications in medicine,acoustic imaging,signal detection,etc.This paper presents an acoustic metamaterial applied to the acoustic focusing effect.The formation of acousticmetamaterial is designed into a cylindrical structure with three layers of ludox,cork and fluid rubber,which can produce a focusingphenomenon when acoustic waves propagate in air.For these strange phenomena,a scientific description is given theorietically.It can also be concluded that when the frequency of the incident acoustic wave increases?the number of peripheral bandsoutside the focusing poles will increase periodically.Besides,there are numerous groups of multipolar focusing phenomena inhigh frequency.The design of this acoustic metamaterial is successful through theorietical and experimental verification,therefore,it can be applied to acoustic communication and test.

Spontaneous magnetic field multipolar structure in toroidal plasmas based on 2D equilibrium

The multipolar magnetic field structure is investigated by the momentum conservation equation with self-c on sistent 3D sheared flows during transition of plasma properties from local paramagnetic to diamagnelic fields.Numerical results show that the traditional poloidal magnetic field(Bp)is one part of equilibrium magnetic fields.The non-zero-order quantities are originaled from the higher-order terms of 2D equilibrium treatment based on a Fourier expansion of 0(r,0).The distributions of magnetic field vectors of the order of 1,2,and 3 terms are presented respectively in two.four,and six polar fields with the local vortex structures(spontaneous magnetic conn ection).The excitation mechanisms of the magnetic vortices are the coupling effects of the magnetic fluid structure pattern and the toroidal effects.These results can help us understand the physical mechanism of the in teraction between the external perturbation fields and control tearing modes,as well as the radial plasma flow and magnetic vortices.

Generalized oscillator strengths for some higher valence-shell excitations of krypton atom

The valence-shell excitations of krypton atom have been investigated by fast electron impact with an angle-resolved electron-energy-loss spectrometer. The generalized oscillator strengths for some higher mixed valence-shell excitations in 4d, 4f, 5p, 5d, 6s, 6p, 7s ←4p of krypton atom have been determined. Their profiles are discussed, and the generalized oscillator strengths for the electric monopole and quadrupole excitations in 5p ← 4p are compared with the calculations of Amusia et al. （Phys. Rev. A 67 022703 （2003））. The differences between the experimental results and theoretical calculations show that more studies are needed.

Calculations of dynamic multipolar polarizabilities of the Cd clock transition levels

The pursuit of a systematic frequency uncertainty beyond 10^(-18) clock has triggered a multitude of investigations on the multipolar and higher-order lattice light shifts.The Cd atom has been proposed as a new candidate for the development of a lattice clock because of its smaller blackbody radiation shift at room temperature.Here,we apply an improved combined method of the Dirac-Fock plus core polarization and relativistic configuration interaction methods to calculate the dynamic multipolar polarizabilities of the Cd clock states.The effects of the high-order core-polarization potentials on the energies,reduced matrix elements,and multipolar polarizabilities have been evaluated systematically.The detailed comparison with available literature demonstrates that taking into account of the high-order core-polarization potentials is a simple and effective approach to improve the results of atomic properties for heavy atoms.

Toroidal Multipolar Expansion for Fast L-Mode Plasma Boundary Reconstruction in EAST

A new method for plasma boundary reconstruction, based on the toroidal multipolar expansion （TME） scheme, is applied successfully in EAST. TME applies a limited number of toroidal multipolar moments based on toroidal coordinates to treat a two-dimensional problem of axisymmetric plasma equilibrium. The plasma boundary reconstructed by TME is consistent with the results by using EFIT. The method is sufficiently reliable and fast for real time shape control.

Left atrial voltage remodeling after pulmonary venous isolation with multipolar radiofrequency ablation

Purpose: Pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) is the accepted primary endpoint for catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation (AF). The aim of this study was to evaluate the level of PVI by PVAC, a multipolar circular catheter utilizing bipolar/unipolar radiofrequency (RF) energy. Methods: Twenty patients with paroxysmal AF underwent PVAC ablation. PVI was validated by voltage reduction and pacing tests. Before and after RF ablation, left atrium (LA) and PV electroanatomic mapping (EAM) were performed by EnSite NavX system. Voltage abatement was considered for potentials 24mm: 9/20 (45%) vs 11/57 (19%),

The Formation of Russia-US-EU-China Multipolarity Relations under the Scenario of Ukraine Crisis in the Changing World

This paper is to analyze the changing formation of international security and economic system in the context of geopolitical expansion under the scenario of the Ukraine crisis. The author attempts to destruct the different interactions among Russia, EU, US, and China, founding that through the West economic sanctions the US are obstructing Russia＇s Eurasian policy and EU-Russian trade structures in many areas, especially in the energy sector. The US rebalancing policy might finish under the scenario of improved Russia-China relations because the US might improve their relations with China as well to implement their containment against Russia, whose geopolitical expansion toward Arctic Ocean, and with its developing the Russian Siberia, the Russian Far East Region as part of its global strategic deployment. Russia＇s global deployment is carried out through the integrated mechanism, such as, SCO, BRICS, and Eurasian Economic Union which will start to function in the January of 2015. China seems to be the biggest winner in this geopolitical struggle, because the new scenario of international events, such as Ukraine crisis and extremism of IS movement in Syria and Iraq have changed the target of NATO in the short-term period. The direction of intemational security is changing from the Cold War to anti-extremism-terrorism combat. Therefore, the new direction for Russia-US-EU-China reformulating their security relations will have the long-term influence on regional integration. Its seems to be that the information war and propaganda will be undergoing in the process of this geopolitical expansion gambling that can be seen in the new waves of the West economic sanctions against Russia and new threats from the international terrorism. In this paper, the author does not focus on the informational propaganda but tries to analyze the different characteristics of ambition and interactionamong Russia, EU, US, and China in the scenario of Ukraine crisis in the changing world.

The Power Shift： National Anxiety, Territorial Dispute, and Trans-Regional Cooperation in Asia and the US Role

＂Power Shift＂ is used as the emerging Asia （emerging China and India） and declining US, European Union （EU） and Japan in the contemporary world. In parallel, it is used as raising territorial disputes and Xenophobia in Asia and Europe, especially in East Asia, Japan, China, and Korea. However, Asian economic development and high economic growth rate attracts the US and the EU to Asian region, not a conflict, and it demands Asian stable development, rather than unstable territorial disputes. Angas Maddison Statistics, International Monetary Fund （IMF） and World Bank also shows that China will surpass the USA by Purchasing power parity （PPP） based Gross domestic product （GDP） economically in 2015. The world of the 21st century is not unilateral, but multilateral or multipolar system, and the sift is already starting from the American continent to the Asian continent. How does it ensure the Asian stability and how does it guarantee the collaboration and prosperity between Asian countries and the world？ And how does the United States uses Asian pivot and Asian rebalance strategy？ The analysis of these policies are extremely important for considering the future of the world system. In this article, the author investigates the rise and fall of the great powers in the transition era, and develops economics, knowledge and science technology in the near future. Especially the author investigates the importance of making networks of the think-tanks, and to strengthen the relationship between nation states and regions under the conflict and antagonism.

Xi Jinping's Globalization is Multipolarity

The words that Xi Jinping said at the 47th World Economic Forum(WEF)have really surprised just the most inattentive people.During his visit to Davos,where leaders,entrepreneurs

Short exposure to paclitaxel induces multipolar spindle formation and aneuploidy through promotion of acentrosomal pole assembly

Paclitaxel is a widely used microtubule drug and cancer medicine. Here we report that by short exposure to paclitaxel at a low dose, multipolar spindles were induced in mitotic cells without centrosome amplification. Both TPX2 depletion and Aurora-A overexpression antagonized the multipolarity. Live cell imaging showed that some paclitaxel-treated cells accomplished multipolar cell division and a portion of the daughter cells went on to the next round of mitosis. The surviving cells grew into clones with varied genome content. The results indicated that an aneuploidy population could be induced by short exposure to paclitaxel at a low dose, implicating potential side effects of paclitaxel.

Deviating from the nanorod shape： Shape-dependent plasmonic properties of silver nanorice and nanocarrot structures

Noble metallic nanostructures exhibit special optical properties resulting from excitation of surface plasmons. Among the various metallic nanostructures, nanorods have attracted particular attention because of their unique and intriguing shape-dependent plasmonic properties. Nanorods can sup- port transverse and longitudinal plasmon modes, the latter ones depending strongly on the aspect ratio of the nanorod. These modes can be routinely tuned from the visible to the near-infrared spectral regions. Although nanorods have been investigated extensively, there are few studies de- voted to nanostructures deviating from the nanorod shape. This review provides an overview of recent progress in the development of two kinds of novel quasi-one-dimensional silver nanostruc- tures, nanorice and nanocarrot, including their syntheses, crystalline characterizations, plasmonic property analyses, and performance in plasmonic sensing applications.

BRICS＇ Pursuit of Multipolarity： Response in the United States

In the last few years, ＂the BRICS＂ or Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa have been increasingly investing in developing their cooperation and seeking to exert joint global influence. BRICS＇ mobilization has been visible in the cooperation of high-level officials, deeper policy coordination, and the creation of BRICS institutions. As the BRICS intensify their pursuit of multipolarity, surprisingly little attention has been paid to the ways in which the BRICS has been received in the United States （US）, which is a crucial stakeholder in creating a multipolar system. How is the BRICS represented in US foreign policy circles？ This article examines the state of the US debate on the BR/CS, drawing on the per- spectives from foreign policy officials, top think tanks, and academics. It argues that there is a considerable gap between BRICS＇ multipolar aspirations and the perceptions of the grouping＇s promise and potential in the US. The BRICS is often marginalized in the US as an entity, and---even if accepted as such--it is considered ineffective in terms of its results. However, the BRICS benefits US foreign policy development： it challenges US officials to clarify their message on multipolarity; it reframes the debate from bilateral China vs. US competition to multilateral processes of providing global public goods; it generates a subfield of BRICS studies, which internationalize the production and consumption of knowledge in the field of global politics.

Multipolar Structure of Equilibrium Shear Flow Field in Toroidal Plasmas

The multipolar velocity field structures are investigated by 2D momentum conservation equation with 3D equilibrium sheared flows in the full toroidal system. Numerical results show that the non-existence of radial velocity field in equilibrium surfaces is suitable only for the zero-order term of our 2D simulation. The non-zero-order radial velocity field is still preserved, even when converted to conventional magnetic surface coordinates. The distribution of velocity field vectors of the order of 1, 2, and 3 are presented respectively in 2, 4, and 6 polar fields with the local vortex structure. The excitation mechanisms of these velocity vortices are the coupling effects of the magneto-fluid structure patterns and the toroidal effects. These results can help us understand the complexity of core physics, the transverse transport across magnetic field by the radial plasma flow and the formation of velocity vortices.

ZnO Thin Films With c-Axis Orientation Prepared by the ECR Multipolar Plasma Sputtering Method

1 Introduction Zinc oxide (ZnO) thin films with c-axis orientation exhibit strong piezoelectric and piezooptic effects, and have often been used in acousto-electric and acousto-optic devices. In the bulk acoustic wave (BAW) area, ZnO films have been used for acoustic microscopy and thin film resonators. In the surface acoustic wave (SAW) area, the ZnO films show the importance as a transducer and interactive material for programmable filters, convolvers, amplifiers, imagers, and resonators. In the guided optical wave (GOW) area the ZnO films have been applied to acousto-optic and electro-optic interactions and

Moving Toward Multipolarity

Prospects of an improved relationship between China and Europe are brightening but expectations may have to be reined in Since 2003, the European Union (EU) and China have described their relationship as one of "strategic partnership." But the term is one

Embryo of a Multipolar World

To find out more about the Asia-Europe Meeting (ASEM) and China’s involvement in the mechanism, Beijing Review reporter Yan Wei spoke to Feng Zhongping, Director of the Institute of European Studies at the China Institutes of Contemporary International Relations.

The Multipolar World and Small States:Emerging Perspectives in India-Kuwait Strategic Partnerships

In the twenty-first Century,small state partnerships are being realigned in the multipolar world.Addressing security concerns of small states,this paper reviews the prospects of strategic partnerships between small states and emerging powers.Contextualising from the historical relations between India and Kuwait,the paper analyses the dynamics of‘soft power’balancing within areas of mutual convergence.Further,the paper presents a future trajectory for small state partnerships with rising powers in an era of geo-economic interdependence.