Exploration of the Inheritance and Innovation Carrier of National Culture in the Teaching Model of Art Design Major in Higher Vocational Colleges:Integrating Lijiang Baisha Murals into Higher Vocational Art Design Curriculum System

This study aims to further promote the inheritance and innovative development of intangible cultural heritage in Yunnan Province,promote the protection,inheritance,integration,and innovation of ethnic culture in Lijiang,strengthen the protection and inheritance of Baisha murals in Lijiang,and change the teaching of art design majors in vocational colleges in Yunnan.Given the lack of traditional Chinese culture and local ethnic culture,this article focuses on the teaching of art design majors in Yunnan vocational colleges.It explores the construction model of the cultural inheritance and innovation carrier of Lijiang Baisha murals to meet the spiritual and cultural needs of the local people,and efforts will be made to promote the high-quality development of the Baisha ethnic area in Lijiang.

Application of STEEP and Interpretive Structural Modeling in the Design Imagery of Taiwan Public Ceramic Relief Murals

Ceramic relief mural is a contemporary landscape art that is carefully designed based on human nature,culture,and architectural wall space,combined with social customs,visual sensibility,and art.It may also become the main axis of ceramic art in the future.Taiwan public ceramic relief murals(PCRM)are most distinctive with the PCRM pioneered by Pan-Hsiung Chu of Meinong Kiln in 1987.In addition to breaking through the limitations of traditional public ceramic murals,Chu leveraged local culture and sensibility.The theme of art gives PCRM its unique style and innovative value throughout the Taiwan region.This study mainly analyzes and understands the design image of public ceramic murals,taking Taiwan PCRM’s design and creation as the scope,and applies STEEP analysis,that is,the social,technological,economic,ecological,and political-legal environments are analyzed as core factors;eight main important factors in the artistic design image of ceramic murals are evaluated.Then,interpretive structural modeling(ISM)is used to establish five levels,analyze the four main problems in the main core factor area and the four main target results in the affected factor area;and analyze the problem points and target points as well as their causal relationships.It is expected to sort out the relationship between these factors,obtain the hierarchical relationship of each factor,and provide a reference basis and research methods.

Stamps of New China The Dunhuang Murals(Series V)

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Fascinating Murals of the Fahai Temple

The F8hai(Sea of Dharma)T6mple is locatedat the southern foot of the beautiful CuiweiMountain in the Shongshan District ofthewesternsuburb of Begng．With a history of over 500 years,the temp巨e was completed in 1143 and named

The Media Fusion and Digital Communication of Traditional Murals-Taking the Exhibition of the Series of Tomb Murals in Shanxi During the Northern Dynasty as an Example

Traditional murals and their image remains are an important art category and visual language,as well as a special architectural type.Traditional murals are roughly divided into temples,grottoes,tombs and other types according to space,function and function.No matter what type of traditional mural,its basic function is to convey information through visual images.With the development and application of information technology and digital technology,traditional mural paintings have undergone changes in space,material,and form in the exhibition-gradually transitioning from ancient rock murals to multi-sensory participation under digital screen display.Because of the intervention of digital media,in many digital mural exhibitions in recent years,not only the spatial presentation and viewing of murals have formed a multi-dimensional visual correspondence but also the exhibition language of murals is enriched or supplemented.

Back in time:digital restoration techniques for the millennium Dunhuang murals

In the long history of more than 1 500 years,Dunhuang murals suffered from various deteriorations causing irreversible damage such as falling off,fading,and so on.However,the existing Dunhuang mural restoration methods are time-consuming and not feasible to facilitate cultural dissemination and permanent inheritance.Inspired by cultural computing using artificial intelligence,gated-convolution-based dehaze net(GD-Net) was proposed for Dunhuang mural refurbishment and comprehensive protection.First,a neural network with gated convolution was applied to restore the falling off areas of the mural to ensure the integrity of the mural content.Second,a dehaze network was applied to enhance image quality to cope with the fading of the mural.Besides,a Dunhuang mural dataset was presented to meet the needs of deep learning approach,containing 1 180 images from the Cave 290 and Cave 112 of the Mogao Grottoes.The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority of GD-Net.

Chinese Sources for AfterWards:From Premodern Poetry,Paintings,and Medical Texts to Modern Novels,Film,and Documentaries

This paper focuses on Chinese sources suggested for a narrative medicine(NM)program,called AfterWards.Dr Lauren Small established AfterWards in 2014 and has been coordinating it since out of the Pediatrics Department at Johns Hopkins Medicine.In early 2019,she started giving a series of lectures and workshops about AfterWards to Chinese medical educators and clinicians in Beijing and Shanghai.She created an AfterWards Facilitator’s Guide based on Western-language sources for workshop participants.She also started to organize with Jiang Yuhong(Peking Union Medical College)a workshop for Chinese colleagues to be held at Johns Hopkins Medicine in October 2019.They invited the author to participate.The idea was hatched then to develop Chinese source materials following the AfterWards structure for an updated Facilitator’s Guide that Dr Small had initially written.A typical one-hour AfterWards session consists of a specific five-part structure:a literary text or artwork,an associated theme,discussion topics,a writing exercise,and shared reflection.While the content of the program always changes from session to session,the basic structure remains the same.This paper summarizes the types of Chinese sources and their related narrative-medicine themes that were originally selected for inclusion in the updated AfterWards Facilitator’s Guide intended for Chinese colleagues.These sources about coping with sick family members,aging,and illness ranged from the textual(classical Chinese poems on aging and diagnostic forms for training students)and visual(premodern Chinese paintings and murals of medical encounters)to the fictive(novels)and performative(contemporary Asian-American film in English and Chinese-language film and documentaries).

Study on Futon Patterns in Mural of Buddhist Temple in Wutai Mountain under Digital Vision

Dao Xuan’s Gantonglu records:“About fifteen kilometers down from the southeast of the Wutai Mountain,there is the ancient Dafu Lingjiu Temple,and there are two Taoist temples in the east and west,where Buddhist matters are fulfilled.According to ancient legend,it was made by Emperor Ming of the Han Dynasty”(Daoxuan,Tang Dynasty,p.257).It can be seen that Buddhism has been introduced into Wutai Mountain since the Eastern Han Dynasty,and Buddhist temple murals have been painted on the walls of temples with the introduction of Buddhism,playing the role of spreading scriptures and decorating the walls.The pattern of Buddha’s futon base in the murals reflects the worship and rank differences of Buddhist monks in different periods.As a medium of meditation and worship,futuan is also a ritual instrument in Buddhist legend,which is of great significance.The research on the style of futon from the perspective of the frescoes in the temple of Wutai Mountain mainly focuses on the historical evolution of the frescoes and futon,the research and analysis of the base shape,pattern,composition and color of the futon in the frescoes of the temple.Explore the religious significance and historical and cultural value behind the futon style.

Mural Defects Detection with Enhanced Terahertz Images

In mausoleum murals, existing bubbles are one kind of the most harmful defects for the repair and protection of relics. For this reason, it is necessary to detect bubbles, especially the ones with small size. A method to detect the small bubbles with enhanced terahertz （THz） images is proposed. To simulate the bubbles in the mausoleum murals, circular grooves have been hidden in the plaster and then measured by the THz reflected time domain spectroscopy imaging system. To observe the small bubbles in murals, a comprehensive enhancement algorithm is adopted to process the obtained THz images. With the enhanced method, the circular grooves in the murals can be observed clearly, even for the circular groove with a diameter of 1.5 mm. The results indicate that the proposed comprehensive method can be used to detect the tiny defects of murals.

Optimal Growth Conditions of Microorganisms Isolated from the Buyeo Royal Tomb No. 1 and Their Effects on Painting Layers

The Buyeo Royal Tomb No. 1 is an ancient tomb built in the late 6th and early 7th century. The four walls of the main room have murals of four guardian deities, and the ceiling has murals of lotus and cloud patterns. This study assessed the optimal growth conditions of two fungal (Fusarium oxysporum, Mortierella sp.) and four bacterial (Bacillus cereus, Cupriavidus campinensis, Streptomyces avidinii, Streptomyces cirratus) strains isolated from the Tomb No. 1, along with their effects on the painting layer. The two fungi showed optimal growth at 20°C - 30°C under both nutrient and non-nutrient conditions. These strains did not decompose or discolor the three pigments (cinnabar, hematite, oyster shell white);however, M. sp. showed slight decomposition of the media (starch paste, sea weed). The four bacterial strains showed the most active growth at 20°C - 25°C under nutrient conditions and did not grow under non-nutrient conditions. These bacteria commonly degraded animal glue and sea weed components. In addition, S. cirratus degraded starch. The genus Streptomyces discolored the pigment medium to brown and black, suggesting a possible risk of discoloration of the murals. The current environment in Tomb No. 1 was sufficient for microorganism growth, and the presence of strains such as soil bacteria and actinomycetes on the mural surface may damage the murals. The findings of this study could be helpful for preserving mural tombs against biological damage caused by microorganisms that are already present or may be present in the tombs in the future. These findings also provide guidelines for comprehensive conservation management.

Differential diagnosis of benign and malignant branch duct intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm using contrastenhanced endoscopic ultrasonography

AIM: To elucidate the role of contrast-enhanced endoscopic ultrasonography(CE-EUS) in the diagnosis of branch duct intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm(BD-IPMN).METHODS: A total of 50 patients diagnosed with BDIPMN by computed tomography(CT) and endoscopic ultrasonography(EUS) at our institute were included in this study. CE-EUS was performed when mural lesions were detected by EUS. The diagnostic accuracy for identifying mural nodules(MNs) was evaluated by CT, EUS, and EUS combined with CE-EUS. In the patients who underwent resection, the accuracy of measuring MN height with each imaging modality was compared. The cut-off values to diagnose malignant BD-IPMNs based on MN height for each imaging modality were determined using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis.RESULTS: Fifteen patients were diagnosed with BD-IPMN with MNs and underwent resection. The remaining 35 patients were diagnosed with BD-IPMN without MNs and underwent follow-up monitoring. The pathological findings revealed 14 cases with MNs and one case without. The accuracy for diagnosing MNs was 92% using CT and 72% using EUS; the diagnostic accuracy increased to 98% when EUS and CE-EUS were combined. The accuracy for measuring MN height significantly improved when using CE-EUS compared with using CT or EUS(median measurement error value, CT: 3.3 mm vs CE-EUS: 0.6 mm, P < 0.05; EUS: 2.1 mm vs CE-EUS: 0.6 mm, P < 0.01). A cut-off value of 8.8 mm for MN height as measured by CE-EUS improved the accuracy of diagnosing malignant BDIPMN to 93%. CONCLUSION: Using CE-EUS to measure MN height provides a highly accurate method for differentiating benign from malignant BD-IPMN.

Myocardial bridge-related coronary heart disease:Independent influencing factors and their predicting value

BACKGROUND Myocardial bridge(MB)will compress the mural coronary artery(MCA)during the systole and cause myocardial ischemia.In the diagnosis of coronary heart disease(CHD),because the structure of MB is difficult to be observed by coronary angiography(CAG),the clinical study of the influence of MB on CHD is lacking.With the advancement of computed tomography coronary angiography technology,detailed observations of the MB anatomy have realized.AIM To explore the main influencing factors of MB-related CHD and to find potential indicators for predicting MB-related CHD.METHODS A total of 1718 patients with suspected CHD due to the symptoms of myocardial ischemia were enrolled as subjects.Patients diagnosed with CHD were included in a CHD group,and patients with no significant abnormalities were included in a control group.In the CHD group,patients were divided into an MB-CHD subgroup if MB-related CHD was found.In the control group,patients were divided into a simple MB subgroup if MB was found.The patient's clinical data and MB-related indicators,including the branch of MB,MB type(superficial/deep type),MB length,MB thickness,systolic and diastolic compression of the MCA,and MCA systolic stenosis rate were recorded and compared.Logistic regression analysis was used to explore the independent influencing factors of MD-related CHD.ROC curve was used to analyze the diagnostic efficacy of potential indicators for MB-related CHD.RESULTS There were 1060 cases in the CHD group and 658 cases in the control group,and there were 236 cases in the MB-CHD subgroup and 52 cases in the simple MB subgroup.Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the combined MB had a significant effect on the occurrence of CHD(P<0.05).MB thickness,systolic compression,diastolic compression,and MCA systolic stenosis rate had significant effects on the occurrence of MB-related CHD(P<0.05).The area under the curve(AUC)of the combination of these influencing factors for the diagnosis of MB-related CHD was 0.959,which was significantly higher than the AUCs of the four indicators separately(P<0.05).The sensitivity was 97.06%and the specificity was 87.63%.CONCLUSION MB thickness,systolic compression,diastolic compression,and MCA systolic stenosis are independent influencing factors for MB-related CHD.The combination of these factors has potential diagnostic value for MB-related CHD.

Mechanisms regulating cerebral hypoperfusion in cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy

Cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) is a leading cause of stroke and dementia. As the most common type of inherited CSVD, cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) is characterized by the NOTCH3 gene mutation which leads to Notch3 ectodomain deposition and extracellular matrix aggregation around the small vessels. It further causes smooth muscle cell degeneration and small vessel arteriopathy in the central nervous system. Compromised cerebral blood flow occurs in the early stage of CADASIL and is associated with white matter hyperintensity, the typical neuroimaging pathology of CADASIL. This suggests that cerebral hypoperfusion may play an important role in the pathogenesis of CADASIL. However, the mechanistic linkage between NOTCH3 mutation and cerebral hypoperfusion remains unknown. Therefore, in this mini-review, it examines the cellular and molecular mechanisms contributing to cerebral hypoperfusion in CADASIL.

Clinical characteristics of intrahepatic biliary papilloma:A case report

BACKGROUND Intrahepatic bile duct papilloma(IPNB)is a rare benign tumour from the bile duct epithelium and has a high malignant transformation rate.Early radical resection can obviously improve the prognosis of patients,but it is difficult to be sure of the diagnosis of IPNB before operating.CASE SUMMARY This study included 28 patients with intraductal papilloma admitted to the First Hospital of Jilin University from January 2010 to November 2020 and recorded their clinical manifestations,imaging features,complications and prognosis.There were 12 males and 16 females with an average age of 61.36±8.03 years.Most patients had symptoms of biliary obstruction.Biliary dilatation and cystic mass could be seen on imaging.After surgery,IPNB was diagnosed by pathology.CONCLUSION IPNB is a rare benign tumour in the bile duct.Early diagnosis and timely R0 resection can improve the prognosis of IPNB.

Validation and head-to-head comparison of four models for predicting malignancy of intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm of the pancreas: A study based on endoscopic ultrasound findings

BACKGROUND Several models are currently available for predicting the malignancy of pancreatic intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm(IPMN),namely,the Pancreatic Surgery Consortium(PSC),the Japan Pancreas Society(JPS),the Johns Hopkins Hospital(JHH),and the Japan-Korea(JPN-KOR)models.However,a head-to-head comparison that shows which model is more accurate for this individualized prediction is lacking.AIM To perform a head-to-head comparison of the four models for predicting the malignancy of pancreatic IPMN.METHODS A total of 181 patients with IPMN who had undergone surgical resection were identified from a prospectively maintained database.The characteristics of IPMN in patients were recorded from endoscopic ultrasound imaging data and report archives.The performance of all four models was examined using Harrell’s concordance index(C-index),calibration plots,decision curve analyses,and diagnostic tests.RESULTS Of the 181 included patients,94 were categorized as having benign disease,and the remaining 87 were categorized as having malignant disease.The C-indexes were 0.842[95%confidence interval(CI):0.782-0.901],0.704(95%CI:0.626-0.782),0.754(95%CI:0.684-0.824),and 0.650(95%CI:0.483-0.817)for the PSC,JPS,JHH,and JPN-KOR models,respectively.Calibration plots showed that the PSC model had the least pronounced departure from ideal predictions.Of the remaining three models,the JPS and JHH models underestimated the probability of malignancy,while the JPN-KOR model overestimated the malignant potential of branch duct-IPMN.Decision curve analysis revealed that the PSC model resulted in a better clinical net benefit than the three other models.Diagnostic tests also showed a higher accuracy(0.801)for the PSC model.CONCLUSION The PSC model exhibited the best performance characteristics.Therefore,the PSC model should be considered the best tool for the individualized prediction of malignancy in patients with pancreatic IPMN.

Motility index measured by magnetic resonance enterography is associated with sex and mural thickness

BACKGROUND Recently,a technique has been developed to use magnetic resonance enterography(MRE)for the evaluation of small bowel motility.The hypothesis was that assessment of the motility index(MI)should reflect differences in motility between clinical conditions.AIM To aim of the present observational,cross-sectional study was to evaluate the use of the MI in daily clinical practice.METHODS All consecutive patients aged 18-70 years who were referred for MRE at the Department of Radiology during a 2-year period were asked to participate.Healthy volunteers were included as controls.MRE was prepared and conducted in accordance with clinical routines.On the day of examination,all the participants had to complete the visual analog scale for irritable bowel syndrome(IBS)and IBS-symptom severity scale.Maps of MI were calculated from dynamic MR images.ANOVA was used to evaluate differences in MI between groups,classified as healthy,Crohn’s disease,ulcerative colitis,IBS,other assorted disorders and dysmotility.Logistic and linear regression were applied to the MI values.All medical records were scrutinized for medical history.RESULTS In all,224 examinations were included(inclusion prevalence 76.3%),with 22 controls and 202 patients.There was a significant difference in the MI of the jejunum(P=0.021)and terminal ileum(P=0.007)between the different groups.The MI was inversely associated with the mural thickness of the terminal ileum in men(P<0.001)and women(P=0.063)after adjustments,and tended to be lower in men than in women(P=0.056).Subjectively observed reduction of motility on MRI was accomplished by reduced MI of terminal ileum in men(P<0.001)and women(P=0.030).In women,diarrhea was inversely associated with the MI of the jejunum(P=0.029),and constipation was positively associated with the MI of the terminal ileum(P=0.039).CONCLUSION Although MIs differ across diseases,a lower MI of the terminal ileum is mainly associated with male sex and an increased mural thickness.Symptoms are weakly associated with the MI.

Ovarian mucinous tumor with mural nodules of anaplastic carcinoma:Three case reports

BACKGROUND Anaplastic carcinoma mural nodules in ovarian mucinous tumors are very rare.This study aimed to report the morphological characteristics,molecular detection results,clinical treatment and prognosis of three ovarian mucinous tumors with mural nodules of anaplastic carcinoma.CASE SUMMARY The pathomorphological features,molecular detection results,clinical treatment and prognosis of anaplastic carcinoma mural nodules were described in three cases.In case 1,sarcoma-like mural nodules(SLMNs)coexisted with anaplastic carcinoma mural nodules.No mutation was found in mucinous tumors.KRAS mutation was found in anaplastic carcinoma nodules and heterotypic cells were found in SLMNs.In case 2,KRAS mutation occurred in the mucinous epithelium and BRAF mutation occurred in mural nodules.In case 3,both mural nodules and mucinous tumors had the same KRAS mutation and a morphological transition between them was observed.All three patients died within 2 years,whether receiving chemotherapy or not.CONCLUSION Anaplastic carcinoma mural nodules may develop from dedifferentiation of mucinous tumors or are unrelated to mucinous tumors.