The use of antimuscarinics,phosphodiesterase type Ⅴ inhibitors and phytotherapy for lower urinary tract symptoms in men

Besides the mainstay of α-blockers and 5α-reductase inhibitors,other forms of medical therapy complete the armamentarium in the treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms(LUTS)in men.These treatments can target specific symptoms as well as associated symptoms that would affect the quality of life of the patients.Many patients are bothered by storage symptoms,more so than the voiding symptoms.Antimuscarinics are efficacious and safe,provided the patients do not have high post void residual urine.Many patients with LUTS also have erectile dysfunction,and phosphodiesterase type Ⅴ inhibitors are effective in relieving both LUTS as well as erectile dysfunction for such patients.Phytotherapy provides a popular and safe treatment for LUTS,however,the efficacy of the treatment has not been proven in well conducted prospective randomized controlled studies.

Resolution and Crystal Structure of 9α-(3-Azabicyclo[3,3,1]nonanyl)- 2′-cyclopentyl-2′-hydroxyl-2′-thienylacetate

The crystal structure of 9α-（3-azabicyclo[3,3,1]nonanyl）-2′-cyclopentyl-2′-hydro- xyl-2′-thienylacetate （C16H27NO3S, Mr = 349.48） has been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The crystal belongs to orthorhombic, space group P212121 with a = 14.937（3）, b = 8.1673（16）, c = 15.423（3） ,A, V = 1881.5（6） ,A^3, Z = 4, Dc =1.234 g/cm^3, μ = 0.188 mm^-1, F（000） = 752, the final R = 0.0468 and wR = 0.1251. The bicyclo[3,3,1]nonane ring system adopts the most favored twin-chair conformation. The crystal structure shows the existence of intramolecular O-H…O hydrogen bonds by which a one-dimensional chain structure is formed.

Overactive bladder symptom score to evaluate efficacy of solifenacin for the treatment of overactive bladder symptoms

Background Overactive bladder （OAB） is a series of symptoms with high prevalence in elderly people.This study was conducted using the overactive bladder symptom score （OABSS） to evaluate the efficacy of solifenacin succinate for the treatment of OAB.Methods This was a prospective,multicenter,single-arm,12-week study that enrolled 241 OAB patients.The patients received 5-10 mg/day solifenacin.Changes in OABSS,symptoms from voiding diary,perception of bladder condition （PPBC） score,international prostate symptom score （IPSS） and quality of life （QOL） were evaluated at weeks 0,4,and 12.The relationship between OABSS and PPBC score or parameters of voiding diary was also evaluated.Results At baseline,the mean OABSS for all patients was 9.41±2.40,and was reduced significantly at week 12 （-3.76 points; 61.21％,P ＜0.0001）.The OABSS subscore,PPBC score,IPSS,and QOL were also significantly reduced during the study （P ＜0.0001）.The overall incidence of adverse events was 19.91％ （44 cases）.The gastrointestinal system was the most commonly affected （11.31％）.Around 5.88％ of the cases had adverse events related to the genitourinary system.There was a strong correlation between OABSS and urinary symptoms that was recorded in the 3-day voiding dairy.Conclusions We showed that solifenacin was clinically effective for relieving OAB symptoms,considering the balance between efficacy,patients＇ well-being,and tolerability.OABSS integrates four OAB symptoms into a single score and can be a useful tool for research and clinical practice.

Clemastine rescues behavioral changes and enhances remyelination in the cuprizone mouse model of demyelination

Increasing evidence suggests that white matter disorders based on myelin sheath impairment may underlie the neuropathological changes in schizophrenia.But it is unknown whether enhancing remyelination is a beneficial approach to schizophrenia.To investigate this hypothesis,we used clemastine,an FDA-approved drug with high potency in promoting oligodendroglial differentiation and myelination,on a cuprizone-induced mouse model of demyelination.The mice exposed to cuprizone（0.2%in chow） for 6 weeks displayed schizophrenia-like behavioral changes,including decreased exploration of the center in the open field test and increased entries into the arms of the Y-maze,as well as evident demyelination in the cortex and corpus callosum.Clemastine treatment was initiated upon cuprizone withdrawal at 10 mg/kg per day for3 weeks.As expected,myelin repair was greatly enhanced in the demyelinated regions with increased mature oligodendrocytes（APC-positive） and myelin basic protein.More importantly,the clemastine treatment rescued the schizophrenia-like behavioral changes in the open field test and the Y-maze compared to vehicle,suggesting a beneficial effect via promoting myelin repair.Our findings indicate that enhancing remyelination may be a potential therapy for schizophrenia.