The two representative polycyclic musks, 1-（5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-3,5,5,6,8,8-hexamethyl-2-naphthenyl）-ethanone （AHTN） and 1,3,4,6,7,8-hexahydro-4,6,6,7,8,8-hexamethylcyclopenta[g]-2-benzopyrane （HHCB）, were measur...The two representative polycyclic musks, 1-（5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-3,5,5,6,8,8-hexamethyl-2-naphthenyl）-ethanone （AHTN） and 1,3,4,6,7,8-hexahydro-4,6,6,7,8,8-hexamethylcyclopenta[g]-2-benzopyrane （HHCB）, were measured in aqueous samples and sludge samples of three sewage treatment plants （STPs） in Beijing, China using a gas chromatograph-mass spectrometry. The HHCB and AHTN concentration ranges in the influents were 1251.4-3003.8 ng/L and 111.9-286.3 ng/L, respectively. Meanwhile, the ranges of 492.8-1285.3 ng/L for HHCB and 47.3-89.3 ng/L for AHTN were present in the effluents. The musks in the sludges were three to four orders of magnitude higher than those in aqueous sewages. The removal efficiencies.of the two musks varied in the ranges of 41.7%- 70.1% for HHCB, and 25.5%-68.8% for AHTN. Adsorption onto suspended particulate matter played an important role in removing musks from the sewages. The HHCB/AHTN ratio along the treatment processes showed that the two musks had high similarity of removal from sewage by each reactor in STP. The musks in the effluent sewages may pose a low potential risk to aquatic environment in terms of the predicted-non-effect concentration. Nevertheless, considering the possible additive and synergistic effects with other compounds emitted via STPs, their bioconcentration and bioaccumulation in aquatic organisms and so on, it is essential to monitor these compounds in various compartments and to study their environmental fate.展开更多
Between June 2005 and February 2006, focal sampling and all occurrence behavior recording were used to quantify the behavioral patterns of captive female alpine musk deer （Moschus sifanicus） at Xinglongshan Musk Dee...Between June 2005 and February 2006, focal sampling and all occurrence behavior recording were used to quantify the behavioral patterns of captive female alpine musk deer （Moschus sifanicus） at Xinglongshan Musk Deer Farm, Gansu Province, China. Copulation success was used to differentiate individuals into two groups （successful and unsuccessful） and to provide a basis for behavioral comparisons, throughout both mating （rut） and non mating seasons. The results indicated significant differences between the behavior patterns of successful and unsuccessful females; however, the reproductive season played an important environmental factor. Pooling results across reproductive seasons, successfully copulating females showed significantly higher frequencies of vigilance and lower frequency of feeding behavior as compared with unsuccessfully copulating females. In the non-mating season, unsuccessfully copulating females had higher frequency of self-directed behavior, environment sniffing, and were less aggressive than successful copulating females. Furthermore, females who were successful at copulating also demonstrated tail-pasting behavior; however, this only occurred during the rut season. The results of this study can improve management practices for musk deer farms through increasing mating success and reducing maintenance costs. Furthermore, variation in behavior may also be used as a predictor of copulation success and reproductive potential, whereby females can be grouped and separated according to their reproductive history and past reproduction success.展开更多
[ Objective] To understand the physicochemical properties of musk deer pneumonia and purulent disease viruses. [ Method] The pneu- monia and purulent disease viruses were isolated from the abnormal and purulent lung t...[ Objective] To understand the physicochemical properties of musk deer pneumonia and purulent disease viruses. [ Method] The pneu- monia and purulent disease viruses were isolated from the abnormal and purulent lung tissues of musk deer. Then the isolated viruses were inocula- ted into the Vero cells. After culturing, the virus solution was collected and used to determine TCID50 and genoma types. The sensitivity to fat sol- vent, resistance to hydrochloric acid and trypsin as well as tolerance to heat of the musk deer pneumonia and purulent disease viruses were detec- ted, respectively. [ Result] The obvious cytopathic effects （CPE） were found in Veto cells infected by the isolated viruses. The virus was 2-1.43 TCID50/ml and its genome was RNA. The virus was not sensitive to chloroform, 1% trypsin and heats, and it had a certain tolerance to 0.1 mol/L hy- drochloric acid. [ Conclusion] The study on the physicochemical properties of musk deer pneumonia and purulent disease viruses lays a foundation for prevention and control of the musk deer pneumonia and purulent diseases.展开更多
Low levels (ng/g) of musk ketone (MK),used as a fragrance additive in the formulation of personal care products,are frequently detected in the water and other environment.Thus,aquatic organisms can be continuously exp...Low levels (ng/g) of musk ketone (MK),used as a fragrance additive in the formulation of personal care products,are frequently detected in the water and other environment.Thus,aquatic organisms can be continuously exposed to MK.In this study,kinetics and dose-response assessments of 2-amino-MK (AMK) metabolite,bound to cysteine-hemoglobin (Hb) in rainbow trout,formed by enzymatic nitro-reduction of MK have been demonstrated.Trout were exposed to a single exposure of 0.010,0.030,0.10,and 0.30 mg MK/g fish.Tw...展开更多
Musk xylene（MX） is frequently used as fragrances in formulation of personal care products. Quantification of a bound 4-amino- MX（4-AMX） as cysteine adducts in trout hemoglobin（Hb） was made by gas chromatography-...Musk xylene（MX） is frequently used as fragrances in formulation of personal care products. Quantification of a bound 4-amino- MX（4-AMX） as cysteine adducts in trout hemoglobin（Hb） was made by gas chromatography-ion trap-mass spectrometry（GC/MS）. The Hb samples were collected from trout after 24 h exposure to MX at 10μg/g, and or menhaden oil（control）. The formation of cysteine-Hb adduct was observed from nitroso derivative of MX, released by alkaline hydrolysis. The released 4-AMX metabolite was extracted in n- hexane. The extract was then reduced by evaporation, and analyzed by GC/MS. When similar agreement of mass spectral features and retention time of 4-AMX were obtained in both standard and sample solutions, the presence of 4-AMX metabolite in the Hb was confirmed. The concentration of 4-AMX was found to be 3.1 × 10^-6 6.9 × 10^-6 mg/g in the Hb solution. Quantitation was made based on an internal standard, a calibration plot, and response factor. In the non-hydrolyzed and laboratory blank extracts, the 4-AMX metabolite was not detected. Additionally, coeluting and interfefing ions were observed in the biological samples.展开更多
BACKGROUND Fetal akinesia deformation sequence(FADS)is a broad spectrum disorder with absent fetal movements as the unifying feature.The etiology of FADS is heterogeneous and mostly still unknown.A prenatal diagnosis ...BACKGROUND Fetal akinesia deformation sequence(FADS)is a broad spectrum disorder with absent fetal movements as the unifying feature.The etiology of FADS is heterogeneous and mostly still unknown.A prenatal diagnosis of FADS relies on clinical features obtained by ultrasound and fetal muscle pathology.However,the recent advances of next-generation sequencing(NGS)can effectively provide a definitive molecular diagnosis.CASE SUMMARY A fetus presented after 24 wk and 6 d of gestation with absent fetal movements and multiple abnormal ultrasonographic signs.The mother had had a previous abortion due to a similarly affected fetus a year before.A clinical diagnosis of FADS was made.The parents refused cord blood examination and chose abortion.A molecular diagnosis of fetal muscle using NGS of genes found a compound heterozygous mutation in the MUSK gene:c.220C>T(chr9:113449410 p.R74W)and c.421delC(chr9:113457745 p.P141fs).CONCLUSION To our knowledge,this is the first report in China showing that a mutation in MUSK is associated with FADS.This supports previous finding that a lethal mutation of MUSK will cause FADS.A precise molecular diagnosis for genetic counseling and options for a prenatal diagnosis of FADS are very important,especially for recurrent FADS;this may also provide evidence for both prenatal and preimplantation genetic diagnoses.展开更多
Contamination levels and distribution of seven synthetic musks in Suzhou Creek were investigated in this study. Two polycyclic musks, 1, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8-hexahydro-4, 6, 6, 7, 8, 8-hexamethylcyclopenta（g）-2-benzopyran ...Contamination levels and distribution of seven synthetic musks in Suzhou Creek were investigated in this study. Two polycyclic musks, 1, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8-hexahydro-4, 6, 6, 7, 8, 8-hexamethylcyclopenta（g）-2-benzopyran （HHCB） and 7-acetyl-1, 1, 1, 3, 4, 4, 6-hexamethyl-1, 2, 3, 4-tetrahydronaphthalene （AHTN）, were found in all samples. The ranges of HHCB and AHTN were from 8 ng/L to 138 ng/L and from 1 ng/L to 25 ng/L in surface waters, and from 2 ng/g to 77 ng/g （dry weight） and from 1 ng/g to 31 ng/g （dry weight） in sediments respectively. The total concentration of HHCB and AHTN showed obvious spatial change in surface waters： the upper reaches （suburb） 13 less than the lower course （urban area）; and in sediments, the musk levels were also higher in urban area. The distribution pattern also showed seasonaly varied characteristics both in surface waters and sediments. The distribution coefficient （Kp） and standardized distribution coefficient （Koc） were calculated through musk concentrations and octanol-water partition coefficient （Kow）. The results showed that AHTN was more easily absorbed in sediments. The adsorption of musk was increased with the increasing of total organic carbon （TOC） in Suzhou Creek. The significant positive correlation of HHCB and AHTN was found in this study, which indicated the same pollution source： the use and discharge of flavoring substances.展开更多
In order to solve the problem that the musk deer concentrated feed were easy to get rancidity in spring, summer, autumn and freezing in winter, high quality and palatability pellet feed of musk deer was researched and...In order to solve the problem that the musk deer concentrated feed were easy to get rancidity in spring, summer, autumn and freezing in winter, high quality and palatability pellet feed of musk deer was researched and developed to ensure the quality of musk deer＇s feed. Twenty-eight male musk deer （3 - 10 years old） （Moschus berezovskii） with normal body condition in the same culture conditions were chosen and were randomly divided into experimental group （fed pellets group） and control group （original feeding diet group）, the results show that musk deer was able to adapt to the pellet feed generally in 13 days and the duration varied with the palatability of pellet feed. During the trial period, the difference of the body weight, the average musk yield of producing musk deer and the producing musk incidence between the experimental group and the control group was not significant, the incidence of disease and mortality of experimental group deer was significantly lower than the control group.展开更多
Background: Antibodies to a muscle-specific receptor tyrosine kinase (MuSK) h ave been found in approximately 40%of patients with generalized myasthenia grav is who are seronegative for the antiacetylcholine receptor ...Background: Antibodies to a muscle-specific receptor tyrosine kinase (MuSK) h ave been found in approximately 40%of patients with generalized myasthenia grav is who are seronegative for the antiacetylcholine receptor antibody. Many of the patients with anti-MuSK antibodies have prominent oculobulbar symptoms or weak ness of the neck and respiratory muscles, but patients with ocular myasthenia ha ve not been described. Objective: To report a case of ocular myasthenia due to a nti-MuSK antibodies. Patient: A young woman with ocular myasthenia and antibodi es to MuSK. Results: Anti-MuSK antibody was detected by radioimmunoassay using highly purified MuSK recombinant antigen. Conclusion: Ocular myasthenia gravis i s a presentation of the anti-MuSK antibody syndrome.展开更多
The solid-liquid equilibria of musk ketone + musk xylene, musk xylene+1,3-dimethyl-2,4-dinitro-5-tert-butyl benzene are measured by differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), these systems are proved to be simple eutect...The solid-liquid equilibria of musk ketone + musk xylene, musk xylene+1,3-dimethyl-2,4-dinitro-5-tert-butyl benzene are measured by differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), these systems are proved to be simple eutectics. Moreover the melting points and the fusion enthalpies of musk ketone, musk xylene and 1,3-dimethyl-2,4-dinitro-5-tert-butyl benzene are also measured by the DSC. These solid-liquid equilibrium data and the heats of fusion are reported for the first time. Then UNIFAC model is used to correlate the solid-liquid equilibrium data.It is shown that the solid-liquid equilibria of musk systems can be predicted bv the UNIFAC model.展开更多
The ternary phase diagrams of musk ketone, musk xylene and various solvent were obtained by calcu- lations. Moreover, the double saturated lines were found to be curve for the first time. The methods to separate eutec...The ternary phase diagrams of musk ketone, musk xylene and various solvent were obtained by calcu- lations. Moreover, the double saturated lines were found to be curve for the first time. The methods to separate eutectic mixtures of musks by solution crystallization were suggested on the basis of these phase diagrams. A new process was proposed to get musk ketone and musk xylene from the eutectics by adding acetonitrile and heptane in turn, which was verified by experiments. Musk xylene with purity of 97.50% and musk ketone with purity of 98.10% were obtained.展开更多
Chinese forest musk deer(FMD),an endangered species,have exhibited low reproductive rates even in captivity due to stress conditions.Investigation revealed the presence of di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate(DEHP),an environmen...Chinese forest musk deer(FMD),an endangered species,have exhibited low reproductive rates even in captivity due to stress conditions.Investigation revealed the presence of di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate(DEHP),an environmental endocrine disruptor,in the serum and skin of captive FMDs.Feeding FMDs with maslinic acid(MA)has been observed to alleviate the stress response and improve reproductive rates,although the precise molecular mechanisms remain unclear.Therefore,this study aims to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying the alleviation of DEHP-induced oxidative stress and cell apoptosis in primary peritubular myoid cells(PMCs)through MA intake.Primary PMCs were isolated and exposed to DEHP in vitro.The results demonstrated that DEHP significantly suppressed antioxidant levels and promoted cell apoptosis in primary PMCs.Moreover,interfering with the expression of PRDX6 was found to induce excessive reactive oxygen species(ROS)production and cell apoptosis in primary PMCs.Supplementation with MA significantly upregulated the expression of PRDX6,thereby attenuating DEHP-induced oxidative stress and cell apoptosis in primary PMCs.These findings provide a theoretical foundation for mitigating stress levels and enhancing reproductive capacity of in captive FMDs.展开更多
Background The musk glands of adult male Chinese forest musk deer(Moschus berezovskii Flerov,1929)(FMD),which are considered as special skin glands,secrete a mixture of sebum,lipids,and proteins into the musk pod.Toge...Background The musk glands of adult male Chinese forest musk deer(Moschus berezovskii Flerov,1929)(FMD),which are considered as special skin glands,secrete a mixture of sebum,lipids,and proteins into the musk pod.Together,these components form musk,which plays an important role in attracting females during the breeding season.However,the relationship between the musk glands and skin of Chinese FMD remains undiscovered.Here,the musk gland and skin of Chinese FMD were examined using histological analysis and RNA sequencing(RNA-seq),and the expression of key regulatory genes was evaluated to determine whether the musk gland is derived from the skin.Methods A comparative analysis of musk gland anatomy between juvenile and adult Chinese FMD was conducted.Then,based on the anatomical structure of the musk gland,skin tissues from the abdomen and back as well as musk gland tissues were obtained from three juvenile FMD.These tissues were used for RNA-seq,hematoxylin-eosin(HE)staining,immunohistochemistry(IHC),western blot(WB),and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR)experiments.Results Anatomical analysis showed that only adult male FMD had a complete glandular organ and musk pod,while juvenile FMD did not have any well-developed musk pods.Transcriptomic data revealed that 88.24%of genes were co-expressed in the skin and musk gland tissues.Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)signaling pathway analysis found that the genes co-expressed in the abdomen skin,back skin,and musk gland were enriched in biological development,endocrine system,lipid metabolism,and other pathways.Gene Ontology(GO)enrichment analysis indicated that the genes expressed in these tissues were enriched in biological processes such as multicellular development and cell division.Moreover,the Metascape predictive analysis tool demonstrated that genes expressed in musk glands were skin tissue-specific.qRT-PCR and WB revealed that sex-determining region Y-box protein 9(Sox9),Caveolin-1(Cav-1),and androgen receptor(AR)were expressed in all three tissues,although the expression levels differed among the tissues.According to the IHC results,Sox9 and AR were expressed in the nuclei of sebaceous gland,hair follicle,and musk gland cells,whereas Cav-1 was expressed in the cell membrane.Conclusions The musk gland of Chinese FMD may be a derivative of skin tissue,and Sox9,Cav-1,and AR may play significant roles in musk gland development.展开更多
文摘目的探讨骨骼肌特异性酪氨酸激酶(muscle-specific tyrosine kinase,MuSK)抗体阳性重症肌无力(MuSK-myasthenia gravis,MMG)临床特点和对治疗的反应。方法分析2017年7月至2018年12月就诊于我院的MG患者的临床资料,计算MMG占全部MG患者比例,并对MMG患者的起病年龄,起病方式,临床进展模式和对治疗的反应进行分析,并随访至少6个月,每3个月电话或面对面随访记录患者日常生活能力评分(myasthenia gravis-activity of daily living score,MG-ADL)。结果401例MG患者中,完成MuSK检测319例,MuSK抗体阳性率为3.13%(10/319)。10例MMG患者男女比为1:9,起病年龄17耀50岁,平均31.4岁。90%患者以眼外肌无力为首发症状。1年内进展为全身型的比例高达90%。溴吡斯的明有效率90%,重频刺激低频递减阳性率为77.78%,无胸腺异常者。经过至少6个月的随访,大多数患者ADL评分降至0耀1分。结论眼动障碍和球部肌无力为这组患者突出的临床表现,免疫治疗有效。
基金supported by the Major InternationalJoint Research Program of NSFC (No. 20721140019).
文摘The two representative polycyclic musks, 1-（5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-3,5,5,6,8,8-hexamethyl-2-naphthenyl）-ethanone （AHTN） and 1,3,4,6,7,8-hexahydro-4,6,6,7,8,8-hexamethylcyclopenta[g]-2-benzopyrane （HHCB）, were measured in aqueous samples and sludge samples of three sewage treatment plants （STPs） in Beijing, China using a gas chromatograph-mass spectrometry. The HHCB and AHTN concentration ranges in the influents were 1251.4-3003.8 ng/L and 111.9-286.3 ng/L, respectively. Meanwhile, the ranges of 492.8-1285.3 ng/L for HHCB and 47.3-89.3 ng/L for AHTN were present in the effluents. The musks in the sludges were three to four orders of magnitude higher than those in aqueous sewages. The removal efficiencies.of the two musks varied in the ranges of 41.7%- 70.1% for HHCB, and 25.5%-68.8% for AHTN. Adsorption onto suspended particulate matter played an important role in removing musks from the sewages. The HHCB/AHTN ratio along the treatment processes showed that the two musks had high similarity of removal from sewage by each reactor in STP. The musks in the effluent sewages may pose a low potential risk to aquatic environment in terms of the predicted-non-effect concentration. Nevertheless, considering the possible additive and synergistic effects with other compounds emitted via STPs, their bioconcentration and bioaccumulation in aquatic organisms and so on, it is essential to monitor these compounds in various compartments and to study their environmental fate.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (30500060, 30640023,30770286)China Post-doctoral Foundation(2005038431)+1 种基金Shanghai Post-doctoral Scientific Pro-gram of China (2005038294)the 985 Research Projects (CUN 985-03-03) of the Central University for Nationalities of China
文摘Between June 2005 and February 2006, focal sampling and all occurrence behavior recording were used to quantify the behavioral patterns of captive female alpine musk deer （Moschus sifanicus） at Xinglongshan Musk Deer Farm, Gansu Province, China. Copulation success was used to differentiate individuals into two groups （successful and unsuccessful） and to provide a basis for behavioral comparisons, throughout both mating （rut） and non mating seasons. The results indicated significant differences between the behavior patterns of successful and unsuccessful females; however, the reproductive season played an important environmental factor. Pooling results across reproductive seasons, successfully copulating females showed significantly higher frequencies of vigilance and lower frequency of feeding behavior as compared with unsuccessfully copulating females. In the non-mating season, unsuccessfully copulating females had higher frequency of self-directed behavior, environment sniffing, and were less aggressive than successful copulating females. Furthermore, females who were successful at copulating also demonstrated tail-pasting behavior; however, this only occurred during the rut season. The results of this study can improve management practices for musk deer farms through increasing mating success and reducing maintenance costs. Furthermore, variation in behavior may also be used as a predictor of copulation success and reproductive potential, whereby females can be grouped and separated according to their reproductive history and past reproduction success.
基金supported by the Youth Fund Projects of Sichuan Education Department(07ZB060)Technology Support Projects of Sichuan Science and Technology Department(2009SZ0228)
文摘[ Objective] To understand the physicochemical properties of musk deer pneumonia and purulent disease viruses. [ Method] The pneu- monia and purulent disease viruses were isolated from the abnormal and purulent lung tissues of musk deer. Then the isolated viruses were inocula- ted into the Vero cells. After culturing, the virus solution was collected and used to determine TCID50 and genoma types. The sensitivity to fat sol- vent, resistance to hydrochloric acid and trypsin as well as tolerance to heat of the musk deer pneumonia and purulent disease viruses were detec- ted, respectively. [ Result] The obvious cytopathic effects （CPE） were found in Veto cells infected by the isolated viruses. The virus was 2-1.43 TCID50/ml and its genome was RNA. The virus was not sensitive to chloroform, 1% trypsin and heats, and it had a certain tolerance to 0.1 mol/L hy- drochloric acid. [ Conclusion] The study on the physicochemical properties of musk deer pneumonia and purulent disease viruses lays a foundation for prevention and control of the musk deer pneumonia and purulent diseases.
文摘Low levels (ng/g) of musk ketone (MK),used as a fragrance additive in the formulation of personal care products,are frequently detected in the water and other environment.Thus,aquatic organisms can be continuously exposed to MK.In this study,kinetics and dose-response assessments of 2-amino-MK (AMK) metabolite,bound to cysteine-hemoglobin (Hb) in rainbow trout,formed by enzymatic nitro-reduction of MK have been demonstrated.Trout were exposed to a single exposure of 0.010,0.030,0.10,and 0.30 mg MK/g fish.Tw...
文摘Musk xylene（MX） is frequently used as fragrances in formulation of personal care products. Quantification of a bound 4-amino- MX（4-AMX） as cysteine adducts in trout hemoglobin（Hb） was made by gas chromatography-ion trap-mass spectrometry（GC/MS）. The Hb samples were collected from trout after 24 h exposure to MX at 10μg/g, and or menhaden oil（control）. The formation of cysteine-Hb adduct was observed from nitroso derivative of MX, released by alkaline hydrolysis. The released 4-AMX metabolite was extracted in n- hexane. The extract was then reduced by evaporation, and analyzed by GC/MS. When similar agreement of mass spectral features and retention time of 4-AMX were obtained in both standard and sample solutions, the presence of 4-AMX metabolite in the Hb was confirmed. The concentration of 4-AMX was found to be 3.1 × 10^-6 6.9 × 10^-6 mg/g in the Hb solution. Quantitation was made based on an internal standard, a calibration plot, and response factor. In the non-hydrolyzed and laboratory blank extracts, the 4-AMX metabolite was not detected. Additionally, coeluting and interfefing ions were observed in the biological samples.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81701462(to Lv Y)the China National Health and Family Planning Commission,No.201402006(to Liu CX)
文摘BACKGROUND Fetal akinesia deformation sequence(FADS)is a broad spectrum disorder with absent fetal movements as the unifying feature.The etiology of FADS is heterogeneous and mostly still unknown.A prenatal diagnosis of FADS relies on clinical features obtained by ultrasound and fetal muscle pathology.However,the recent advances of next-generation sequencing(NGS)can effectively provide a definitive molecular diagnosis.CASE SUMMARY A fetus presented after 24 wk and 6 d of gestation with absent fetal movements and multiple abnormal ultrasonographic signs.The mother had had a previous abortion due to a similarly affected fetus a year before.A clinical diagnosis of FADS was made.The parents refused cord blood examination and chose abortion.A molecular diagnosis of fetal muscle using NGS of genes found a compound heterozygous mutation in the MUSK gene:c.220C>T(chr9:113449410 p.R74W)and c.421delC(chr9:113457745 p.P141fs).CONCLUSION To our knowledge,this is the first report in China showing that a mutation in MUSK is associated with FADS.This supports previous finding that a lethal mutation of MUSK will cause FADS.A precise molecular diagnosis for genetic counseling and options for a prenatal diagnosis of FADS are very important,especially for recurrent FADS;this may also provide evidence for both prenatal and preimplantation genetic diagnoses.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.40872204)the National Basic Research Program of China(Grant No.2008CB418200)the Shanghai Leading Academic Discipline Project(Grant No.S30109)
文摘Contamination levels and distribution of seven synthetic musks in Suzhou Creek were investigated in this study. Two polycyclic musks, 1, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8-hexahydro-4, 6, 6, 7, 8, 8-hexamethylcyclopenta（g）-2-benzopyran （HHCB） and 7-acetyl-1, 1, 1, 3, 4, 4, 6-hexamethyl-1, 2, 3, 4-tetrahydronaphthalene （AHTN）, were found in all samples. The ranges of HHCB and AHTN were from 8 ng/L to 138 ng/L and from 1 ng/L to 25 ng/L in surface waters, and from 2 ng/g to 77 ng/g （dry weight） and from 1 ng/g to 31 ng/g （dry weight） in sediments respectively. The total concentration of HHCB and AHTN showed obvious spatial change in surface waters： the upper reaches （suburb） 13 less than the lower course （urban area）; and in sediments, the musk levels were also higher in urban area. The distribution pattern also showed seasonaly varied characteristics both in surface waters and sediments. The distribution coefficient （Kp） and standardized distribution coefficient （Koc） were calculated through musk concentrations and octanol-water partition coefficient （Kow）. The results showed that AHTN was more easily absorbed in sediments. The adsorption of musk was increased with the increasing of total organic carbon （TOC） in Suzhou Creek. The significant positive correlation of HHCB and AHTN was found in this study, which indicated the same pollution source： the use and discharge of flavoring substances.
基金Supported by Sci-tech Achievement Transformation Project from Sichuan Provincial Science and Technology Department([2007]33)
文摘In order to solve the problem that the musk deer concentrated feed were easy to get rancidity in spring, summer, autumn and freezing in winter, high quality and palatability pellet feed of musk deer was researched and developed to ensure the quality of musk deer＇s feed. Twenty-eight male musk deer （3 - 10 years old） （Moschus berezovskii） with normal body condition in the same culture conditions were chosen and were randomly divided into experimental group （fed pellets group） and control group （original feeding diet group）, the results show that musk deer was able to adapt to the pellet feed generally in 13 days and the duration varied with the palatability of pellet feed. During the trial period, the difference of the body weight, the average musk yield of producing musk deer and the producing musk incidence between the experimental group and the control group was not significant, the incidence of disease and mortality of experimental group deer was significantly lower than the control group.
文摘Background: Antibodies to a muscle-specific receptor tyrosine kinase (MuSK) h ave been found in approximately 40%of patients with generalized myasthenia grav is who are seronegative for the antiacetylcholine receptor antibody. Many of the patients with anti-MuSK antibodies have prominent oculobulbar symptoms or weak ness of the neck and respiratory muscles, but patients with ocular myasthenia ha ve not been described. Objective: To report a case of ocular myasthenia due to a nti-MuSK antibodies. Patient: A young woman with ocular myasthenia and antibodi es to MuSK. Results: Anti-MuSK antibody was detected by radioimmunoassay using highly purified MuSK recombinant antigen. Conclusion: Ocular myasthenia gravis i s a presentation of the anti-MuSK antibody syndrome.
文摘The solid-liquid equilibria of musk ketone + musk xylene, musk xylene+1,3-dimethyl-2,4-dinitro-5-tert-butyl benzene are measured by differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), these systems are proved to be simple eutectics. Moreover the melting points and the fusion enthalpies of musk ketone, musk xylene and 1,3-dimethyl-2,4-dinitro-5-tert-butyl benzene are also measured by the DSC. These solid-liquid equilibrium data and the heats of fusion are reported for the first time. Then UNIFAC model is used to correlate the solid-liquid equilibrium data.It is shown that the solid-liquid equilibria of musk systems can be predicted bv the UNIFAC model.
文摘The ternary phase diagrams of musk ketone, musk xylene and various solvent were obtained by calcu- lations. Moreover, the double saturated lines were found to be curve for the first time. The methods to separate eutectic mixtures of musks by solution crystallization were suggested on the basis of these phase diagrams. A new process was proposed to get musk ketone and musk xylene from the eutectics by adding acetonitrile and heptane in turn, which was verified by experiments. Musk xylene with purity of 97.50% and musk ketone with purity of 98.10% were obtained.
基金supported by the Fund of Sci-Tech Innovation Program of Shaanxi Academy of Forestry(No.SXLK2021-0219)the Science and Technology Project of Shaanxi Province(No.2022SF-512)the Science and Technology Innovation and Achievement Transformation Project of Experimental Demonstration Station(base)of Northwest A&F University(No.TGZX2021-32)。
文摘Chinese forest musk deer(FMD),an endangered species,have exhibited low reproductive rates even in captivity due to stress conditions.Investigation revealed the presence of di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate(DEHP),an environmental endocrine disruptor,in the serum and skin of captive FMDs.Feeding FMDs with maslinic acid(MA)has been observed to alleviate the stress response and improve reproductive rates,although the precise molecular mechanisms remain unclear.Therefore,this study aims to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying the alleviation of DEHP-induced oxidative stress and cell apoptosis in primary peritubular myoid cells(PMCs)through MA intake.Primary PMCs were isolated and exposed to DEHP in vitro.The results demonstrated that DEHP significantly suppressed antioxidant levels and promoted cell apoptosis in primary PMCs.Moreover,interfering with the expression of PRDX6 was found to induce excessive reactive oxygen species(ROS)production and cell apoptosis in primary PMCs.Supplementation with MA significantly upregulated the expression of PRDX6,thereby attenuating DEHP-induced oxidative stress and cell apoptosis in primary PMCs.These findings provide a theoretical foundation for mitigating stress levels and enhancing reproductive capacity of in captive FMDs.
基金This work was supported by the Key Sci-Tech Project of Shaanxi Province(No.2018ZDXM-NY-034)the Innovation Capability Support Program of Shaanxi Province(No.2018-TD-021),Chinasupport by the Northwest A&F University and the reproductive biology and cell engineering team.We acknowledge Mr.Xuezhe ZHANG at the Shaanxi Baosen Musk Deer Industry Co.,Ltd.(Shaanxi,China)for providing experimental animals.
文摘Background The musk glands of adult male Chinese forest musk deer(Moschus berezovskii Flerov,1929)(FMD),which are considered as special skin glands,secrete a mixture of sebum,lipids,and proteins into the musk pod.Together,these components form musk,which plays an important role in attracting females during the breeding season.However,the relationship between the musk glands and skin of Chinese FMD remains undiscovered.Here,the musk gland and skin of Chinese FMD were examined using histological analysis and RNA sequencing(RNA-seq),and the expression of key regulatory genes was evaluated to determine whether the musk gland is derived from the skin.Methods A comparative analysis of musk gland anatomy between juvenile and adult Chinese FMD was conducted.Then,based on the anatomical structure of the musk gland,skin tissues from the abdomen and back as well as musk gland tissues were obtained from three juvenile FMD.These tissues were used for RNA-seq,hematoxylin-eosin(HE)staining,immunohistochemistry(IHC),western blot(WB),and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR)experiments.Results Anatomical analysis showed that only adult male FMD had a complete glandular organ and musk pod,while juvenile FMD did not have any well-developed musk pods.Transcriptomic data revealed that 88.24%of genes were co-expressed in the skin and musk gland tissues.Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)signaling pathway analysis found that the genes co-expressed in the abdomen skin,back skin,and musk gland were enriched in biological development,endocrine system,lipid metabolism,and other pathways.Gene Ontology(GO)enrichment analysis indicated that the genes expressed in these tissues were enriched in biological processes such as multicellular development and cell division.Moreover,the Metascape predictive analysis tool demonstrated that genes expressed in musk glands were skin tissue-specific.qRT-PCR and WB revealed that sex-determining region Y-box protein 9(Sox9),Caveolin-1(Cav-1),and androgen receptor(AR)were expressed in all three tissues,although the expression levels differed among the tissues.According to the IHC results,Sox9 and AR were expressed in the nuclei of sebaceous gland,hair follicle,and musk gland cells,whereas Cav-1 was expressed in the cell membrane.Conclusions The musk gland of Chinese FMD may be a derivative of skin tissue,and Sox9,Cav-1,and AR may play significant roles in musk gland development.
