Immune Responses to the Attenuated Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae 168 Strain Vaccine by Intrapulmonic Immunization in Piglets

To investigate the immune responses to the attenuated Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae 168 strain vaccine, 8-15 d old piglets were immunized with M. hyopneurnoniae 168 strain vaccine by intrapulmonic route. And the specific IgG antibody in serum, lymphoproliferation, IFNT, and specific secretory IgA （SIgA） antibody in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were detected on 30 and 60 d post-immunization （DPI）, respectively. On 60 DPI, all the pigs except for those in health control group were challenged with a field M. hyopneumoniae strain JS. Necropsy was performed on 30 d post-challenge （DPC）. The results showed that IFN7 and specific SIgA were stimulated on surface of respiratory tract after immunization. And peripheral blood mononuclear cells could also be proliferated about 1.81 and 2.12 fold on 30 and 60 DPI when stimulated by M. hyopneumoniae protein in vitro. However, no serum IgG antibody against M. hyopneumoniae was detected during the whole immune phage. After challenge, vaccinated pigs were observed with only very slight histological lesion in individual lobes. None of vaccinated pigs showed any clinical signs. While the unvaccinated pigs from challenge control group showed varying degrees of clinical sign and severe macroscopical lesion of mycoplasmal pneumonia of swine （MPS）. The result suggested that the attenuated M. hyopneumoniae 168 strain vaccine inoculated by intrapulmonic route could activate the systemic cellular immunity, the local mucosal immunity and IFNγ secretion in respiratory tract to against M. hyopneumoniae infection in piglets.

Standardization of a Real-time PCR System for Quantitative Detection of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae

This study was conducted to develop a method for accurate quantification of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae during vaccine production or experimental research. Primer and probe concentration that gave the highest ΔRn and the lowest Ct were selected to establish the real-time PCR system for the detection of M. hyopneumoniae. Template DNA of M. hyopneumoniae was extracted by boiling under different conditions and detected by real-time PCR to determine the optimal conditions for DNA extraction. Thereafter, intra-and inter-batch reproducibility tests were carried out using a standard plasmid to evaluate the stability of the PCR system. Subsequently, the effect of medium composition on the quantitative detection was evaluated. Finally, the correlation between real-time PCR and CCU method was explored. The optimal primer and probe concentration for real-time PCR were 0.4 and 0.2 μmol/L, respectively. The intra-and inter-batch coefficients of variation(CV) in Ct value of 10~4-10~9 copies/μl standard plasmid were <5%, indicating good reproducibility of the real-time PCR system. Following incubation in a boiling water bath for 10 min, M. hyopneumoniae samples can be used directly as a template in subsequent real-time PCR assays,and good intra-batch and inter-batch reproducibility was observed. The working concentration of KM2 medium should be less than the 1/10 of the concentration of the stock solution to minimize its influence on the quantitative detection. Spearman's correlation analysis revealed that the log of CCU and the log of DNA copy number had a significant positive relationship(r=0.797,P=0.000). Thus, the two methods can be used in combination in the quantitative detection of M. hyopneumoniae. In summary, a rapid, stable and accurate quantitative PCR system for detecting M. hyopneumoniae culture was established in this study, which provides a technical means for accurate quantification of M. hyopneumoniae in vaccine production and laboratory tests.

Presence of <i>Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, Streptococcus suis, Pasteurella multocida, Bordetella bronchiseptica, Haemophilus parasuis and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae</i>in upper respiratory tract of swine in farms from Aguascalientes, Mexico

Respiratory diseases are one of the most important health problems in pig herds. The porcine respiratory disease complex (PRDC) is the term used to describe pneumonic diseases caused by multiple infectious agents that provoke weight loss in animals or death. In the PRDC multiple pathogens (bacteria and/or viruses) work in combination to induce this respiratory disease. Within this complex, Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, Streptococcus suis, Pasteurella multocida, Bordetella bronchiseptica, Haemophilus parasuis and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae are the main bacterial pathogens involved in great economic losses to the swine industry. The aim of this work was to estimate the presence of A. pleuropneumoniae, S. suis, P. multocida, B. bronchiseptica, H. parasuis and M. hyopneumoniae in the upper respiratory tract of pigs in representative swine farms inAguascalientes,Mexico, using PCR technique. The study was performed in 14 swine farms. We obtained a total of 212 nasal swabs. Near 20% of samples were positive for A. pleuropneumoniae (located in the 79% of farms);17% were positive for S. suis (in 86% of farms), of these, 3% were S. suis serovar 2;30% were positive for H. parasuis (93% of farms);23% of the samples to P. multocida (in 79% of farms);and 19% to M. hyopneumoniae (in 64% of farms). B. bronchiseptica was not detected in this study. The results obtained show that bacterial pathogens of PRDC were present in the upper respiratory tract of pigs in all farms studied;therefore, these pathogens are widely disseminated in pig farms of Aguascalientes, Mexico.

Establishment of a model of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae infection using Bama miniature pigs

Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae(M.hyopneumoniae),is the primary aetiological agent of enzootic pneumonia leading to chronic respiratory disease prevalent worldwide.Conventional pigs are the only animals used for pathogenicity studies and vaccine evaluations of M.hyopneumoniae.Considering that the challenge animals have better genetic stability and a smaller body size to operate with,an alternative experimental animal model of M.hyopneumoniae infection with Bama miniature pigs was established.Nine seven-week-old snatch-farrowed,porcine colostrum-deprived(SF-pCD)Bama miniature pigs and nine conventional pigs were randomly divided into two infected groups(Bama miniatureinfected(BI)and conventional-infected groups(CI),BI and CI,n=6)and two control groups(Bama miniature control(BC)and conventional control(CC)groups,BC and CC,n=3).Every piglet was tracheally inoculated with 5×10^(8) CCU/mL containing 10%suspension of a stock of frozen lung homogenate from SF-pCD pigs infected with virulent strain JS or sterilized KM2 medium.Typical lung lesions appeared in all infected pigs after necropsy,and the mean gross lung lesions was 17.3 and 13.7 in groups of BI and CI.Serum IgG and nasal sIgA antibody titres were increased significantly.Cilia shedding and mucus staining increased greatly in JS-infected bronchi.Obvious reddish gross lesions and M.hyopneumoniae antigen were detected,especially apparently observed in group of BI.Moreover,DNA copies of M.hyopneumoniae from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF)of each JS-infected piglet reached more than 10^(8),and M.hyopneumoniae could be re-isolated from each infected BALF.These results indicate that Bama miniature pigs could be used as an alternative and more maneuverable experimental infection model for M.hyopneumoniae and display typical clinical and pathological features consistent with those in conventional pigs.

猪肺炎支原体通过抑制SPLUNC1功能破坏呼吸道炎性反应平衡

【背景】猪肺炎支原体(Mycoplasmahyopneumoniae,Mhp)通过定植猪呼吸道黏膜层,破坏呼吸道炎性反应平衡,引起炎性损伤和持续性感染。短的上腭、肺及鼻咽上皮克隆1蛋白(short palate lung and nasal epithelial clone1,SPLUNC1)是呼吸道黏膜分泌的具有重要抗菌和抗炎功能的蛋白,被认为是呼吸道黏膜面对危险信号时的“信号传感器”。【目的】从Mhp和SPLUNC1相互作用入手,分析Mhp感染对SPLUNC1表达的影响以及SPLUNC1对Mhp引起的炎性反应的调控作用,揭示Mhp引起炎性损伤的新机制,为解决Mhp持续性感染问题提供参考。【方法】利用猪肺炎支原体对猪支气管上皮细胞(porcine bronchial epithelial cells,PBECs)感染模型和猪体感染模型,通过荧光定量PCR、间接免疫荧光和Western-blotting等方法,分别检测Mhp感染后对肺脏中SPLUNC1以及体外PBECs中SPLUNC1转录和表达的影响。克隆并扩增猪源SPLUNC1基因通过酶切鉴定,构建成功SPLUNC1真核和原核表达重组质粒pCDNA3.1-SPLUNC1以及pET28a-SPLUNC1。与此同时,设计靶向SPLUNC1的siRNA干扰片段。利用体外SPLUNC1蛋白孵育、体内呼吸道黏膜SPLUNC1抗体封闭,通过Mhp CCU50检测明确SPLUNC1对Mhp体内外生长的影响。在猪支气管上皮细胞中,通过过表达或siRNA干扰SPLUNC1基因,后感染Mhp,利用Western-blotting、间接免疫荧光以及酶联免疫吸附方法,明确SPLUNC1对Mhp的黏附作用、诱导炎性因子表达以及MAPK信号通路活化的影响。【结果】Mhp感染猪后可引起肺脏实变,主要组织病理表现为肺脏炎性损伤,同时显著上调肺泡灌洗液中趋化因子CXCL8和炎性因子TNFα和IL-1β分泌。Mhp体内外感染后,体内肺脏和体外猪支气管上皮细胞中SPLUNC1的转录和表达均显著下调。以上研究表明,Mhp可诱导肺脏炎性反应,抑制SPLUNC1表达。另一方面,体外PBECs中过表达SPLUNC1后,Mhp感染引起的CXCL8表达显著减少;siRNA干扰SPLUNC1后,Mhp感染引起的CXCL8表达显著增加,表明SPLUNC1负调控Mhp感染引起的CXCL8表达。基于Mhp感染入侵呼吸道过程,本研究进一步解析SPLUNC1负调控CXCL8表达的机制。结果表明:无论是SPLUNC1和Mhp体外孵育,还是SPLUNC1抗体体内封闭,Mhp的体内外生长均未受影响;SPLUNC1的过表达或siRNA干扰对Mhp体外黏附PBECs的能力也无显著影响;过表达SPLUNC1可抑制pERK和IκBα的激活,相反SPLUNC1 siRNA干扰后,可促进pERK和IκBα的激活。以上研究证明SPLUNC1不是通过调控Mhp的生长和黏附,而是通过负调控MAPK-ERK通路的活化来调控CXCL8的表达。【结论】SPLUNC1可通过MAPK-ERK信号通路来调控炎性因子的过度表达,维护宿主炎性平衡;与此同时,Mhp感染后可通过抑制SPLUNC1的表达来破坏宿主炎性反应的平衡调控,进而引起炎性损伤。本研究为解析Mhp感染损伤机制提供依据。

猪肺炎支原体LAP的结构预测及其抑制剂Bestatin对支原体生长的影响

本研究旨在以猪肺炎支原体为代表,研究支原体LAP酶活中心的高级结构及其被抑制后对支原生长的影响。亮氨酸氨肽酶(LAP)是一类广泛存在于各类生物的氨基酸代谢酶,有研究表明病原微生物的LAP酶活中心被抑制后可以直接影响微生物的代谢和生长。本研究拟以猪肺炎支原体(Mhp)LAP为模型,研究其理化特性和高级结构,探索LAP抑制剂乌苯美司(Bestatin)对支原体生长的影响。本研究首先用Clustal Omega进行序列同源性比较,分析LAP活性位点在不同支原体中的保守情况。然后采用GST融合标签表达猪肺炎支原体LAP蛋白,通过GST亲和层析和分子筛层析纯化蛋白,圆二色谱测定LAP的二级结构,用Alpha fold 2预测三级结构。最后用Bestatin与猪、鸡、羊等不同种属的支原体共培养来观察其影响。结果表明虽然总体序列同源性不高,但是LAP酶活中心的关键位点在常见支原体相对保守。猪肺炎支原体LAP可以通过GST标签进行可溶性表达。酶切GST标签后,分子筛层析显示LAP是六聚体,圆二色谱表明LAP具有正确的二级结构。预测的LAP三级结构显示其具有保守的底物结合关键位点。Bestatin对不同种属支原体的生长均产生抑制,且呈现剂量依赖性,但在不同菌株间存在差异,最低在6μg/mL的浓度可通过抑制氨肽酶的活性抑制猪肺炎支原体的生长。该研究为新一代抗菌药物的研发提供了新的思路。

关于我国种猪场猪肺炎支原体净化的思考

猪肺炎支原体是一种对生猪影响较大的细菌性病原体,往往可引起猪群发生慢性感染,且难以从猪群和猪场水平上清除,导致养猪业遭受巨大的经济损失。猪肺炎支原体净化在欧洲和北美已全面启动,且有成功案例,我国才刚刚启动。本文结合国外猪肺炎支原体净化方案的经验与我国生猪养殖特殊性的分析,提出分群体、分阶段的“三步法”净化建议,并对我国猪肺炎支原体的净化提出了展望。

猪肺炎支原体解螺旋酶RuvA的原核表达、多克隆抗体制备及活性鉴定

猪肺炎支原体的持续性感染问题频发,同源重组介导的抗原变异扮演重要角色。解螺旋酶RuvA调节霍利迪连接体变构是参与同源重组的关键步骤。鉴于此,本研究旨在原核表达猪肺炎支原体解螺旋酶RuvA重组蛋白,鉴定其DNA结合活性并制备多克隆抗体。试验通过分子克隆构建原核表达质粒pET21a-RuvA,经诱导表达和纯化获得RuvA M hp重组蛋白;免疫家兔制备抗RuvA M hp多克隆抗体,再利用间接ELISA和Western blot试验进行效价测定和特异性验证;利用凝胶迁移试验结合表面等离子共振技术分析RuvA M hp的DNA结合活性;利用凝胶迁移试验结合Western blot试验鉴定RuvA M hp的寡聚特性。结果显示:原核表达的RuvA M hp重组蛋白约为26 ku;制备的抗RuvA M hp多克隆抗体效价为1∶256000,且具有良好的特异性;RuvA M hp具有较强的DNA结合活性,对霍利迪连接体的亲和力高达624.4 pmol·L^(-1)(K D),并且主要以八聚体形式与其形成稳定复合物。通过RuvA M hp的原核表达、多克隆抗体制备及活性鉴定,为后续探索RuvA调解同源重组介导猪肺炎支原体抗原变异的分子机制奠定了基础。

猪肺炎支原体实时荧光定量PCR检测方法建立及应用

猪肺炎支原体(Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae)是一种严重危害养猪业的重要传染性病原,以猪肺炎支原体编码乳酸脱氢酶的P 36基因保守序列为基础,设计一套特异性引物和探针,并通过优化筛选反应条件,建立了一种Mhp的实时荧光定量RT-PCR检测方法。结果表明,最适引物浓度为10μmol/L,探针浓度为5μmol/L,以浓度为1×10^(2)~1×10^(6)copies/μL的标准品构建标准曲线相关系数为0.998,扩增效率可达96%。该方法能特异地检测猪肺炎支原体,与其他动物支原体及猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒、猪圆环病毒2型、猪瘟病毒、伪狂犬病病毒等病原无交叉反应;灵敏度是常规PCR的10倍,可达到10拷贝;该方法重复性较好,组内和组间变异系数均小于2%。在对30份临床样本的检测中,建立的实时荧光定量PCR检出率为63%(19/30),而常规PCR的检出率仅有30%(9/30)。结果表明,成功建立了猪肺炎支原体实时荧光定量PCR检测方法,可用于猪肺炎支原体的病原学检测和流行病学调查。

2022年中国南方部分地区猪肺炎支原体感染状况的调查与分析

猪肺炎支原体(Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae,Mhp)是猪地方性肺炎(EP)的原发性病原,可导致猪咳嗽、气喘、消瘦,并因猪的饲料转化率升高、日增重减少、出栏时间延长,从而使养殖成本大大增加,给养猪业造成重大经济损失。本研究旨在对中国南方部分地区猪肺炎支原体的感染状况进行调查与分析。从中国南方部分地区21个规模化种猪场定点采样,首先通过病原检测比较鼻拭子和喉拭子的采样效果,随后以简单随机抽样结合分层抽样确定各猪场样本量。共收集母猪喉拭子样品1478份,并将调查的猪群按胎次分为“0~1胎母猪”和“≥2胎母猪”,通过实时荧光定量PCR进行病原检测,通过多位点序列分型(MLST)结合保守的p36基因及非保守的p97和p146基因进行分子流行病学分析。检测结果表明,鼻拭子样品的检出率为16.67%,喉拭子样品的检出率为56.67%,且Ct值更低。猪肺炎支原体感染的场检出率为66.67%,但各场感染压力较小,检出率为1.39%~18.57%。其中“0~1胎母猪”检出率为10.05%;“≥2胎母猪”检出率为2.17%。分子流行病学结果显示,7个猪场的流行菌株均为同一序列类型(ST128),不同猪场间的流行菌株高度同源。对于猪肺炎支原体的病原学检测,喉拭子是比鼻拭子更灵敏且有效的活体样品类型,母猪胎次和生猪调运引种是规模化种猪场感染猪肺炎支原体的重要因素。本研究为猪肺炎支原体的防控和净化工作提供理论基础。

猪肺炎支原体Mhp-1株的分离鉴定及其全基因组测序分析

为了分离与鉴定引起的猪群疑似支原体性肺炎的病原体,本实验收集了20份病死猪肺脏病变组织,采用猪肺炎支原体(Mhp)和猪鼻支原体(Mhr)特异性引物进行PCR鉴定、分析培养特性、颜色变化单位(CCU)测定、传代培养后扩增16S rRNA基因并测序分析等,并进一步采用BLAST分析分离菌16S rRNA基因序列的同源性,采用邻接法构建16S rRNA基因的系统进化树,对该分离株MLST分型、全基因组测序和毒力基因预测。结果显示,20份临床样品仅3份样品为Mhp单阳性,接种KM2液体培养基后仅1份生长良好,颜色规律性变黄;接种KM2固体培养基培养7 d后呈现特异性“煎蛋样”的菌落形态;瑞氏姬姆萨染色结果可见环状、点状、丝状、两级状等形状且大小不等的菌体形态,传12代后经特异性PCR检测结果为Mhp单阳性,表明该分离株可以稳定传代,且无Mhr污染;该分离株在KM2培养基上为1×10^(7)CCU/mL;16S rRNA基因序列比对结果显示该分离株与GenBank中登录的Mhp菌株ES-2(CP038641.1)同源性达100%。以上结果确定本研究分离出一株Mhp,并将其命名为Mhp-1。16S rRNA基因系统发育树分析结果显示,分离株Mhp-1与国外猪源Mhp分离株F7.2(KY264125.1)处于同一分支,亲缘关系最近;MLST分型结果显示Mhp-1分离株属于ST184型;全基因组测序获得序列大小为0.91 Mb,与已报道的Mhp基因组大小基本一致;毒力基因预测结果显示其存在EF-Tu、Lttp、P216、P102、P46、P97、PDH-B、Capsule、HlyA等毒力因子编码基因。本研究进一步丰富了Mhp的研究数据,为规模化猪场猪支原体性肺炎的防控提供参考数据。

猪圆环病毒2型、猪肺炎支原体和猪瘟疫苗不同免疫程序的免疫效果比较分析

为了评估不同免疫策略对猪场免疫效果和经济效益的影响,以确定最佳的疫苗免疫程序,本试验将处于产前1个月的四胎次健康三元母猪随机分为2个组,A组(联合免疫组)母猪于产前27 d联合免疫猪圆环病毒2型基因工程疫苗、猪肺炎支原体灭活疫苗和猪瘟活疫苗(圆柯欣+柯喘宁+稳柯健),其所产仔猪于21日龄联合免疫圆柯欣、柯喘宁和稳柯健;B组(对照组)母猪于产前34和27 d分别免疫稳柯健、猪圆环病毒疫苗和猪肺炎支原体疫苗二联疫苗(圆-支二联疫苗),其所产仔猪于14日龄免疫圆-支二联疫苗,28日龄免疫稳柯健。统计和分析免疫各组临床指标、生产性能和持续性抗体水平。结果显示,免疫疫苗后,2个组的母猪采食情况均正常;2个组的仔猪整体精神状态良好,哺乳情况正常,均未出现咳嗽和喘气等呼吸道疾病。在试验期间内,2个组的母猪的窝产健仔数和仔猪出生健仔均重并无差别。A组和B组的出生至23日龄死淘率、出生至50日龄死淘率分别为3.77%、5.11%和4.07%、5.43%,A组略优于B组。抗体监测结果显示,A组母猪的CSFV和PCV2抗体水平较B组无显著差异(P>0.05);A组仔猪的CSFV抗体阳性率与B组无明显差异(P>0.05),而PCV2抗体水平在免疫早期阶段(21日龄)明显高于B组(P<0.05)。结果表明,猪圆环病毒2型、猪肺炎支原体和猪瘟疫苗可以联合免疫,且免疫后相互之间不干扰。该联合免疫策略在确保免疫效果的同时,简化了疫苗免疫程序,为确定最佳的疫苗免疫程序提供了有价值的临床应用参考。

猪肺炎支原体SYBR Green Ⅰ实时荧光定量PCR检测方法的建立与应用

为建立一种快速高效的猪肺炎支原体(Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae,Mhp)检测方法,根据NCBI公布的Mhp保守序列设计4对特异性引物,依据4对引物的荧光定量PCR检测结果及拟合曲线进行相关性分析,筛选出最佳引物(SX4),建立了Mhp SYBR Green Ⅰ实时荧光定量检测方法。该方法可特异性检测Mhp,对猪圆环病毒2型、猪细小病毒、猪伪狂犬病病毒、副猪嗜血杆菌4型及链球菌2型等病原均无特异性扩增;最佳引物SX4检测的灵敏度可达4.9×10^(1) copies/μL,组内和组间变异系数均小于2%。该方法可稳定检测出工艺生产抗原和市售疫苗中的Mhp菌量。试验表明,本研究成功建立了Mhp SYBR Green Ⅰ实时荧光定量检测方法,其特异性强、灵敏度高、重复性好,可用于Mhp疫苗抗原生产和临床疫苗中的Mhp菌量检测。

Preventive Effects of Five Drugs on Mycoplasma Pneumonia of Swine (MPS)

The paper was to explore the preventive effects of five drugs on mycoplasma pneumonia of swine （MPS） and to provide reference for clinical medication of pig farms in Hainan Province. A total of 444 health piglets were randomly divided into 6 groups, including five medication groups （72 piglets in group A, 74 pig- lets in group B, 72 piglets in group C, 76 piglets in group D, 76 piglets in group E） and one control group （74 piglets）. The piglets in experimental groups were treated drugs once a day for successive 5 days at 30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 of age. The piglets in control group were free of medication. At 70 and 140 days of age, 15 piglets of each group were randomly selected to collect their blood sermn. The Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae （M-Hyo） antibodies in serum were measured by en- zyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. During the experiment, the incidence rates of respiratory disease, lung lesion, feed conversion rate, average daily gain （ADG）, and mortality rate of pigs were also observed and recorded. The results showed that the five drugs had significant difference in preventative effects. Group C （Zhiyuanjing group） received the best preventive effect and the highest economic benefits. Compared with control group, the ADG and feed conversion rate in group C were increased by 7.53% and 9.09%, respectively; the incidence rate of respiratory disease was reduced by 13.44% and lung lesion was alleviated by 81.43% ; and the earnings of each pig could rise by 132.70 yuan. The preventative effect and economic benefit of the drugs was sequenced by Chansu Kechuanling and Bingchan Kechuanwang. Wante Feilin and amoxicillin had weaker preventive effects against MPS but greatly influenced growth performance of pigs, so they should be used alternatively with other drugs.

不同种类呼吸道样品活体检测猪肺炎支原体抗原和抗体的比较分析

猪支原体肺炎是由猪肺炎支原体(Mhp)引起的猪的一种慢性呼吸道疾病,Mhp基础感染率的监测对于及时实施控制措施和评估防控与净化效果至关重要。为了解在活体检测过程中的不同采集时间、样品类型和检测方法对猪肺炎支原体感染诊断结果的影响,本研究通过ELISA和实时定量PCR方法检测了来源于某大型养殖场的断奶仔猪、保育猪、屠宰猪、后备猪和种猪群活体采集的鼻拭子、喉拭子和咽拭子样品中的Mhp黏膜sIgA抗体和Mhp抗原。结果:鼻拭子、喉拭子和咽拭子样品总体的黏膜抗体阳性率分别为63.23%、62.55%和47.27%,抗原阳性率分别为74.75%、65.91%和63.64%。从不同的生产阶段看,保育猪和屠宰猪群中Mhp黏膜sIgA抗体阳性率较高,而断奶仔猪群中Mhp黏膜sIgA抗体阳性率最低。Mhp抗原的检出率随着猪群生产日龄的增加而增加,屠宰猪群和后备猪群鼻拭子和喉拭子中Mhp抗原阳性率达到峰值,种猪群中的抗原检测率出现了下降。对于鼻拭子样品中抗原与抗体的检测,从断奶仔猪至屠宰猪阶段,Mhp黏膜sIgA抗体的检出率更高,而后备猪群的抗原检出率更高。研究表明,在临床生产实际中,对于Mhp感染的活体检测,相较于喉拭子和咽拭子样本,鼻拭子样品对不同生产阶段猪群均具有更好的采集便利性与检测适用性。为了提高检测敏感性与准确度,黏膜sIgA抗体检测更适用于保育及生长育肥猪群,而定量PCR检测抗原则更适用于育肥后期以及后备猪群。

猪支原体肺炎活疫苗经肌肉注射的免疫效果评价

猪支原体肺炎活疫苗(168株)是一种以肺内注射途径免疫的弱毒活疫苗。为了拓展猪支原体肺炎活疫苗的免疫途径,评估猪支原体肺炎活疫苗(168株)配合佐剂以肌肉注射方式免疫猪群后的攻毒保护效果,选取20头7日龄猪肺炎支原体(Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae,Mhp)阴性仔猪,将其随机平均分成4组,分别为健康对照组、感染对照组、肌肉注射免疫组和肺内注射免疫组。在免疫后采集血样并检测其中的Mhp IgG抗体,在首次免疫后42 d人工感染Mhp组织毒(JS株),攻毒28 d后评估肺脏的病变情况并测定支气管肺泡灌洗液(BALF)中的Mhp含量。结果显示:免疫后肌肉注射免疫组动物产生了明显的Mhp特异性血清IgG抗体,而肺内注射免疫组动物在攻毒前未见明显的血清抗体;肌肉注射免疫组和肺内注射免疫组的攻毒保护率分别平均为88.89%和75.93%,且组间无显著性差异;感染对照组的BALF中Mhp单位含量极显著高于肌肉注射免疫组和肺内注射免疫组(P<0.01),2个免疫组间无显著性差异。结果表明:猪支原体活疫苗配合佐剂后经肌肉注射免疫可产生较好的免疫攻毒保护效果。本研究为猪支原体肺炎活疫苗(168株)实施肌肉注射免疫提供了临床数据支撑。

Current Status of <i>M. hyopneumoniae</i>in Pigs in Grenada, West Indies

Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, cause of enzootic pneumonia is known for serious economic losses in pigs. The disease is prevalent all over the world. There is no published report on Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae incidence in Grenadian pigs. The aim of this study was to estimate seroprevalence of antibodies for Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae in non vaccinated pigs in Grenada. Sera were collected randomly from 459 pigs of all ages from all six parishes of Grenada. Sera were tested for antibodies to Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae using an indirect Enzyme Linked Immunosorbant Assay (ELISA) kit. Antibodies to Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae were found in 8.71% (95% CI: 0.0644 to 0.1167) pigs. The greatest percent of positives (62.5%) (95% CI: 0.4699 to 0.7582) were in youngest group 22.5% (95% CI: 0.1211 to 0.3771) in >2 year. Positive females were overrepresented compared to males by 3:1. This is the first report on the sero-prevalence of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae in pigs from Grenada, West Indies.

猪支原体肺炎疫苗效力检验常见问题与质量控制

为了更规范、标准地评价猪支原体肺炎疫苗,本研究对近年来猪支原体肺炎疫苗检验进行了系统性分析。结果发现,效力检验作为疫苗质量的核心内容,是检验中最易出现问题参数。对效力检验相关方法、常见问题进行分析,有助于研发过程中规避问题,提高疫苗质量继而保障养殖业发展。

猪NLRP3基因Real-time PCR检测方法的建立及应用

根据NCBI NLRP3 cds(NM-001256770)序列设计1对特异性引物,构建标准品质粒pMD18T-NLRP3-189。通过反应条件优化、稳定性、敏感性等试验,成功建立了NLRP3的SYBR GreenⅠreal-time PCR检测方法,用该方法定量检测猪肺炎支原体(Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae,Mhp)感染后的猪肺组织中NLRP3表达水平。最佳引物浓度为0.15μmol/L,建立的标准曲线方程为y=-3.5196x+36.968,E值为0.96,最低检测量为84个拷贝,熔解曲线有单一峰,批内变异系数CV为0.067%~0.184%,批间变异系数为0.221%~0.594%,重复性好。该方法检测仔猪在感染Mhp后肺组织中的NLRP3 mRNA表达水平,感染组与健康组相比差异显著(P<0.01),NLRP3表达水平明显增高,在感染后14 d可达到高峰,平均mRNA拷贝数达18000左右,可持续42 d。表明该检测方法稳定性良好,精确度高,特异性强,为进一步研究猪炎症小体NLRP3的激活及其相关炎症反应机制提供了技术支持。

猪肺炎支原体、猪圆环病毒2型和3型多重荧光定量PCR检测方法的建立与初步应用

为建立一种快速、特异的猪肺炎支原体(Mhp)、猪圆环病毒2型(PCV2)和猪圆环病毒3型(PCV3)的多重荧光定量PCR鉴别检测方法,根据Mhp、PCV2和PCV3及β-actin基因保守区域序列,设计合成4对特异性引物及4种荧光基团标记的Taq Man探针。构建含有各目的基因的重组质粒标准品,筛选引物,优化反应条件,成功建立多重荧光定量PCR后评价该方法的特异性、敏感性、重复性并将该方法初步应用于临床样品检测。结果显示,该方法能同时特异性地鉴别检测Mhp、PCV2和PCV3,检测PRRSV、CSFV、PRV、JEV、PPV、PEDV、TGEV、FMDV病毒核酸无交叉反应;对Mhp、PCV2、PCV3和β-actin标准质粒的最小检出量分别为26.4、66.7、25.6、5990 copies/μL;该方法重复性好,组间和组内试验变异系数低于1.5%;用该方法检测101份临床样本,Mhp、PCV2和PCV3阳性率分别为20.8%、36.6%和33.7%。建立的多重荧光定量PCR方法能同时快速和定量检测Mhp、PCV2和PCV3,较普通PCR更敏感,实用性强,有效避免了多次检测耗时长、费用高的问题,为Mhp、PCV2和PCV3的监测和防控提供了可靠的检测技术。