Efficient removal of Al(Ⅲ)and P507 from high concentration MgCl_(2)solution based on in-situ reaction strategy

For a highly efficient recycling of a wastewater containing a high concentration of MgCl_(2),Al(Ⅲ)and P507 were scheduled to be removed in advance.In this study,the in-situ removal of Al(Ⅲ)and P507 from a high concentration MgCl_(2)solution at different pH values and Al/P molar ratios was investigated.The results showed that P507 formed organic complexes of Al_(x)(OH)_y^(Z+)-P507 at pH of 2.0-4.0.At pH of 4.0-5.0,Al(Ⅲ)precipitated and transferred into Al(OH)_(3)with a flocculent amorphous morphology.Active sites on the Al(OH)_(3)surface enhanced the removal efficiency of P507.At pH of 6.0-6.5,Al(Ⅲ)and Mg(Ⅱ)formed layered crystalline Al(OH)_(3)and MgAl_(2)(OH)_(8with)small pore channels and fewer active sites,resulting in a reduced removal efficiency of P507.When the Al/P molar ratio exceeded 13 and the pH was between 4.0 and 5.0,the removal rates of both Al(Ⅲ)and P507 were higher than98%,while the concentration loss of Mg(Ⅱ)was only 0.2%-0.9%.

Deciphering nitrogen concentrations in Metasequoia glyptostroboides : a novel approach using RGB images and machine learning

Recent advances in spectral sensing techniques and machine learning(ML)methods have enabled the estimation of plant physiochemical traits.Nitrogen(N)is a primary limiting factor for terrestrial forest growth,but traditional methods for N determination are labor-intensive,time-consuming,and destructive.In this study,we present a rapid,non-destructive method to predict leaf N concentration(LNC)in Metasequoia glyptostroboides plantations under N and phosphorus(P)fertilization using ML techniques and unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)-based RGB(red,green,blue)images.Nine spectral vegetation indices(VIs)were extracted from the RGB images.The spectral reflectance and VIs were used as input features to construct models for estimating LNC based on support vector machine,ran-dom forest(RF),and multiple linear regression,gradient boosting regression and classification and regression trees(CART).The results show that RF is the best fitting model for estimating LNC with a coefficient of determination(R2)of 0.73.Using this model,we evaluated the effects of N and P treatments on LNC and found a significant increase with N and a decrease with P.Height,diameter at breast height(DBH),and crown width of all M.glyptostroboides were analyzed by Pearson correlation with the predicted LNC.DBH was significantly correlated with LNC under N treat-ment.Our results highlight the potential of combining UAV RGB images with an ML algorithm as an efficient,scalable,and cost-effective method for LNC quantification.Future research can extend this approach to different tree species and different plant traits,paving the way for large-scale,time-efficient plant growth monitoring.

Effects of Vegetation Restoration Age on Soil C:N:P Stoichiometry in Yellow River Delta Coastal Wetland of China

Vegetation restoration can alter carbon(C),nitrogen(N),and phosphorus(P)cycles in coastal wetlands affecting C:N:P stoichiometry.However,the effects of restoration age on soil C:N:P stoichiometry are unclear.In this study,we examined the re-sponses of soil C,N,and P contents and their stoichiometric ratios to vegetation restoration age,focusing on below-ground processes and their relationships to aboveground vegetation community characteristics.We conducted an analysis of temporal gradients based on the'space for time'method to synthesize the effects of restoration age on soil C:N:P stoichiometry in the Yellow River Delta wetland of China.The findings suggest that the combined effects of restoration age and soil depth create complex patterns of shifting soil C:N:P stoichiometry.Specifically,restoration age significantly increased all topsoil C:N:P stoichiometries,except for soil total phosphorus(TP)and the C:N ratio,and slightly affected subsoil C:N:P stoichiometry.The effects of restoration age on the soil C:N ratio was well constrained owing to the coupled relationship between soil organic carbon(SOC)and total nitrogen(TN)contents,while soil TP con-tent was closely related to changes in plant species diversity.Importantly,we found that the topsoil C:N:P stoichiometry was signific-antly affected by plant species diversity,whereas the subsoil C:N:P stoichiometry was more easily regulated by pH and electric con-ductivity(EC).Overall,this study shows that vegetation restoration age elevated SOC and N contents and alleviated N limitation,which is useful for further assessing soil C:N:P stoichiometry in coastal restoration wetlands.

Humic Acid Effects on Reducing Corn Leaf Burn Caused by Foliar Spray of Urea-Ammonium Nitrate at Different Humic Acid/Urea-Ammonium Nitrate Ratios

Technologies for reducing corn leaf burn caused by foliar spray of urea-ammonium nitrate (UAN) during the early growing season are limited. A field experiment was carried out to evaluate the effects of humic acid on corn leaf burn caused by foliar spray of undiluted UAN solution on corn canopy at Jackson, TN in 2018. Thirteen treatments of the mixtures of UAN and humic acid were evaluated at V6 of corn with different UAN application rates and different UAN/humic acid ratios. Leaf burn during 1 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 14 days after UAN foliar spray significantly differed between with or without humic acid addition. The addition of humic acid to UAN significantly reduced leaf burn at each UAN application rate (15, 25, and 35 gal/acre). The reduction of leaf burn was enhanced as the humic acid/UAN ratio went up from 10% to 30%. Leaf burn due to foliar application of UAN became severer with higher UAN rates. The linear regression of leaf burn 14 days after application with humic acid/UAN ratio was highly significant and negative. However, the linear regression of leaf burn 14 days after application with the UAN application rate was highly significant and positive. In conclusion, adding humic acid to foliar-applied UAN is beneficial for reducing corn leaf burn during the early growing season.

Effects of Regulation of C/N Ratio Wheat Straw Application on Nitrogen,Phosphorus and Potassium Uptake in Tobacco

[Objective]The aim was to study the effects of regulation of C/N ratio wheat straw application on tobacco nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium uptake. [Method]Effects of regulation C/N ratio wheat straw application on the flue-cured tobacco yield,output value,nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium content and cumulative uptake of the upper,middle and bottom leaf were studied by using the field plot experiments at Banqiao town,Qujing city,Yunnan Province during the 2008-2009 summer growing seasons. [Result]The results showed that the application of wheat straw alone or after C/N regulation,could significantly increase tobacco production,potassium content,the potassium and nitrogen accumulation amount of leaf,and was more conducive to the potassium uptake of tobacco leaf with wheat straw application after C/N regulation. Compared with non-straw application,the yield of tobacco increased by 6.59%,3.58%,5.98%,8.80% with application of wheat straw alone,wheat straw and vetch,wheat straw and oilseed cake,wheat straw and urea nitrogen,the potassium content in tobacco leaf increased by 3.85%,7.76%,8.82%,11.21%,respectively,the total potassium cumulative amount of leaf increased by 10.71%,11.62%,15.32% ,21.01% and the total nitrogen cumulative amount increased by 9.76%,1.22%,8.14%,14.00%. However,the differences of tobacco leaf nitrogen content among the different treatments were not significant,the phosphorus uptake of tobacco leaf decreased. [Conclusion]application of high C/N ratio wheat straw in flue-cured tobacco production,which should be concerned not only to adjust C/N ratio by adding nitrogen,but also considering additional phosphorus application.

Concentrations of foliar and surface soil in nutrients Pinus spp. plantations in relation to species and stand age in Zhanggutai sandy land, northeast China

The concentrations of the foliar and surface soil nutrients and the variation with species and stand age were studied inPinus spp. plantations in Zhanggutai area, northeast China. The results showed that the total N, total P and C: N ratio of the soil inP. sylvestris var.mongolica stands were significantly higher in comparison with those inP. tabulaeformis andP. densiflora stands. ForP. sylvestris var.mongolica, the foliar P concentration appeared to decrease with age, and the foliar N and K concentrations did not show a consistent change with age. As for the different tree species of the similar age, the foliar N and P concentrations were significantly different (p<0.05), being withP. sylvestris var.mongolica>P. densiflora>P. tabulaeformis. The foliar N: P ratio ofP. densiflora significantly was higher thanP. sylvestris var.mongolica andP. tabulaeformis, while the foliar K was no obvious difference between the three tree species. There were significant correlation (p<0.05) between soil total N and P, soil organic matter and total P, foliar N and P, but it did not show significant correlations between soil and foliar nutrient concentrations, which might attribute to the excessive litter raking, overgrazing and low soil moisture in this area. Based on the foliar N: P ratio, we introduced a combination threshold index of N: P ratio with their absolute foliar nutrient concentrations to determine the possible limiting nutrient. According to the critical N: P ratio and their absolute foliar N, P concentrations, theP. sylvestris var.mongolica stands showed a decreased N limitation degree with age, theP. densiflora stands showed unlimited by N and P in the whole, and theP. tabulaeformis stands showed co-limited by N and P. No significant difference in soil nutrient concentrations of the surface soils was found between 45, 29, 20-yr-oldPinus sylvestris var.mongolica plantation stands. Keywords coniferous trees - foliar nutrient concentration - limiting nutrients - N - P ratio - Zhanggutai sandy land CLC number S718.55 Document code A Article ID 1007-662X(2004)01-0011-08 Foundation item: This research was supported by Key Knowledge Innovation Project (KZCX3-SW-418) of Chinese Academy of Sciences.Biography: CHEN Guang-sheng (1978-), male, master candidate in Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, P. R. ChinaResponsible editor: Song Funan

高压管汇材料疲劳性能测试及P-S-N模型曲线的拟合

高压管汇作为压裂设备中的主要易损件之一,其失效危害较大。它的失效原因主要是疲劳、冲蚀、腐蚀或者材料缺陷引起的刺漏和爆裂,其中尤以疲劳失效最不可预估。目前,对于高压管汇材料的疲劳性能研究不够深入,为解决高压管汇材料疲劳寿命的准确描述问题,以某国产高压管汇材料为例,进行了一系列疲劳试验,并基于试验数据,采用多种分布模型和不同S-N模型进行拟合分析,得出综合评价拟合能力最强的P-S-N模型。结果表明,该材料在中长疲劳寿命区,Weibull三参数模型在7级应力水平下综合评价能力最好;在存活率分别为50%、90%、99%、99.9%时,指数S-N模型的拟合系数均大于0.98,拟合能力最好。得出的P-S-N模型曲线可以为高压管汇的疲劳寿命以及安全设计提供依据。

通过成结模拟器研究n^(+)-n^(-)-p碲镉汞高温探测器

第三代红外探测器发展的一个重要方向是高工作温度探测器。对于碲镉汞n-on-p探测器而言,n^(+)-n^(-)-p结构以及良好的钝化工艺能够有效的抑制暗电流的产生,从而在高工作温度条件下获得较好的探测器性能。基于自行开发的成结模拟器,对n^(+)-n^(-)-p结构地高温器件进行了工艺仿真和器件仿真,获得成结过程的制备参数,并结合抑制表面漏电的组分梯度钝化工艺,将高工作温度下的暗电流抑制至理论极限,研制出可以在更高温度工作下的碲镉汞n-on-p红外焦平面探测器。经测试,中波n-on-p红外焦平面器件在不同工作温度下性能优异,在80 K工作温度下噪声等效温差(NETD)达到了6.1 mK,有效像元率为99.96%;而在150 K工作温度下噪声等效温差(NETD)为11.0 mK,有效像元率为99.50%,达到了同类器件的理论极限。

p-on-n型10μm像元间距长波1280×1024红外探测器制备研究

采用p-on-n结构的碲镉汞红外探测器芯片的暗电流低、少子寿命长,是目前高性能红外探测器的主流发展方向。为了满足未来红外探测器小型化的发展需求,开展了p-on-n型10μm像元间距长波1280×1024探测器芯片研究。针对As离子注入激活、长波小间距芯片制备技术的难点,开展了As离子注入技术、As激活退火技术的研究分析。通过不同的表征方法验证了最佳条件,并通过器件工艺进行了探测器芯片的制备。测试其I-V特性曲线,获得了性能较好的探测器芯片。该研究对小像元间距p-on-n型长波碲镉汞焦平面器件的制备具有重要意义。

云南松苗木N、P、K元素含量间异速生长关系对N、P添加的响应

为了解云南松苗木不同器官N、P、K的分布特征,分析云南松不同器官N、P、K含量间的分配差异,进一步探讨各器官N、P、K元素间的异速生长关系。采用N、P二因素三水平的方法开展不同施肥试验,并对苗木采样测定,研究云南松苗木N、P、K元素含量间异速生长关系对N、P添加的响应。结果表明,云南松苗木对N、P、K在不同器官间具有不同的分配策略,总体K变动较小,N、P波动较大且相似,在各器官中N、K分配表现为萌条>叶>茎>根;P表现为萌条>茎>叶>根。与对照相比,单施N、P和N、P配施均对云南松苗木生长的影响产生一定差异,总体来看N、P配施更能促进苗木的养分合理分配,有效缓解单施N、P对植株的限制作用,使养分处于一个平衡状态,进而促进苗木的生长。随施肥时间的推移,各器官营养元素间的异速生长关系也随之发生变化,且各器官表现为N、P的积累速度相接近,总体表现为K的积累速度低于N、P。总体而言,随施肥时间的改变,云南松苗木各器官之间元素的异速生长轨迹发生了显著变化,形成不同的营养元素分配模式。

木质基N,P共掺杂氧化石墨烯改性泡沫炭制备及电容去离子性能研究

以落叶松木屑为原料,磷酸二氢铵(NH_(4)H_(2)PO_(4))为掺杂剂,氧化石墨烯(GOs)为改性剂,经过液化、树脂化、发泡、炭化以及CO_(2)活化制备出木质基N、P共掺杂氧化石墨烯改性泡沫炭(N,P-GCF)。采用SEM、XRD、Raman、XPS、接触角测量仪分别对N,P-GCF的表面形态、晶体结构、化学性质、亲水性能进行分析,通过改变NH_(4)H_(2)PO_(4)的添加量探究其对泡沫炭孔结构、电化学性能及电容去离子性能(CDI)的影响。结果表明:经GOs改性与NH_(4)H_(2)PO_(4)掺杂后,孔泡尺寸下降,无序性提高。N,P-GCF具有分级孔结构。当NH_(4)H_(2)PO_(4)掺杂量为2 g时,具有最高的比表面积(2684.11 m^(2)·g^(-1))、总孔容(1.42 cm^(3)·g^(-1))和介孔率(49.45%),N、P质量分数分别为2.48%和3.46%。N元素主要以N-5、N-6、N-X形式存在,P元素主要为P-C、P-N。相比于CF,N,P-GCF2.0具有优异的润湿性及力学性能。在1 mol·L^(-1)NaCl电解液的三电极体系中,1 A·g^(-1)的电流密度时N,P-GCF2.0的比电容为256.48 F·g^(-1),当电流密度增加至15 A·g^(-1)时,比电容保持率达72.51%。在500 mg·L^(-1)的初始NaCl溶液、1.2 V的工作电压下,N,P-GCF2.0具有最佳脱盐能力(29.97 mg·g^(-1))及盐吸附速率(1.84 mg·g^(-1)·min^(-1)),10次循环后脱盐能力保留率为90.12%,具有较好的循环稳定性。

基于p-n异质结CuO/TiO_(2)复合物高效的载流子分离能力构建超灵敏AFP光电化学分析

将TiO_(2)纳米粒子与Cu(pta)MOFs复合,通过高温煅烧策略制得CuO/TiO_(2)复合物.在最优实验条件下,基于复合物对可见光更强的吸收利用效率,CuO/TiO_(2)修饰的ITO电极展现出显著的光电化学(PEC)响应信号,其光电流值(59.4μA)分别是单组分TiO_(2)和CuO粒子的15.5和7.4倍.线性扫描伏安法(LSV)测试结果证实CuO/TiO_(2)/ITO电极比CuO和TiO_(2)材料具有更大的LSV响应强度.这可归因于获得的薄片层状CuO粒子及其兼有的多孔隙特征促进了光的多重散射/反射效应,同时CuO/TiO_(2)复合材料具有的典型p-n异质结构(能级带隙匹配)大幅促进了光生电荷载流子(e^(-)/h^(+))的分离与转移.选用戊二醛(GA)作为交联手臂分子,通过温和的醛胺反应将壳聚糖(CS)和anti-AFP抗体组装于CuO/TiO_(2)/ITO电极表面,再用牛血清蛋白(BSA)封闭活性位点,构建出PEC传感平台(BSA/anti-AFP/GA-CS/CuO/TiO_(2)/ITO),实现了对不同浓度甲胎蛋白(AFP)的高灵敏检测(检出限达到2.63×10^(-4) ng/mL).制备的传感电极同时展示出良好的稳定性和选择性.

基于N-P关联式计算溶剂化吉布斯自由能

溶剂化吉布斯自由能(ΔG_(solv))是一个重要的热力学参数,广泛用于化学、生物、药理等领域.尽管计算溶剂化吉布斯能的模型众多,但仍缺乏简易高效的预测模型.本文提出一种基于Arrhenius方程的N-P关联式计算方法,其中参数N、P分别描述溶剂-溶质体系的非极性效应及极性效应对溶剂化吉布斯能的贡献.当溶剂及溶质分子被赋予经验参数N、P值时,基于N-P关联式能对任何溶剂-溶质对的溶剂化吉布斯能进行计算.将6 238个溶剂化吉布斯能数据对N-P关联式进行了测试,均方根误差仅为0.698 kcal/mol,低于测试精度1 kcal/mol,证实了本文提出的N-P关联式能快速计算溶剂化吉布斯自由能.

干旱胁迫对白枪杆幼苗生长生物量及C、N、P化学计量特征的影响

【目的】研究不同干旱胁迫程度对白枪杆幼苗生长、生物量积累与分配,以及不同器官C、N、P积累与分配,探究白枪杆对不同干旱环境的适应性。【方法】以1 a生白枪杆幼苗实生苗为试验材料,研究干旱胁迫处理分别是对照(CK)、轻度干旱胁迫(LS)、中度干旱胁迫(MS)和重度干旱胁迫(SS)对白枪杆幼苗生长、生物量的积累量与分配、根冠比、各器官C、N、P含量及化学计量特征的分析和各器官C、N、P的积累和分配规律等指标测定。【结果】随干旱胁迫程度的上升,白枪杆幼苗的苗高和地径的增长量显著降低(P<0.05)。叶片、茎和根的生物量及总生物量、叶片生物量占比降低,茎和根生物量占比和根冠比降低。白枪杆幼苗C、N和P的积累量随干旱胁迫程度的上升呈下降趋势;与适宜的水分处理相比,白枪杆幼苗各器官的C∶N均呈先下降后上升的趋势,叶片和根的C∶P呈先下降后上升的趋势;白枪杆幼苗各器官N∶P低于14,表明生长主要受N限制。【结论】白枪杆幼苗生长及生物量和C、N、P含量及化学计量特征对不同干旱胁迫程度的响应有差异,主要表现在随干旱胁迫程度的上升,白枪杆幼苗的苗高、地径增长量呈下降趋势,生物量的分配也倾向于地下部分,干旱胁迫处理下不利于白枪杆幼苗的生长,生物量的积累减少,C、N和P的积累量降低。

用P204+N235联合萃取分离氯化镍溶液中的镍钴

研究了以二(2-乙基己基)膦酸(P204)和三异辛胺(N235)为萃取剂联合萃取氯化镍溶液中的镍、钴,考察了有机相P204体积分数、相比、料液pH、皂化率、N235体积分数、Cl-质量浓度、反应温度对氯化镍溶液净化除杂的影响。结果表明:用P204萃取除杂后再用N235从P204萃余液中萃取分离钴钼,在P204体积分数20%、相比V_(O)/V_(A)=1.5/1、料液pH=3.5、皂化率50%、反应温度40~50℃,以及N235体积分数16%、相比V_(O)/V_(A)=1.2/1、反应温度40~50℃、P204萃余液pH=3.0、Cl^(-)质量浓度≥280g/L及盐酸酸化浓度3mol/L条件下,萃余液中Ni^(2+)质量浓度为218.10g/L,Cu^(2+)、Fe^(3+)、Co^(2+)和Zn^(2+)质量浓度分别为1.1、1.2、1.0和0.1mg/L,能满足生产高品质电积镍的阴极液要求。

贺兰山东、西坡群落植物叶N、P化学计量沿海拔梯度的格局及群落构建机制

为了研究贺兰山不同气候类型群落植物叶N、P化学计量沿海拔梯度的格局及群落构建机制,以贺兰山东、西坡沿不同海拔梯度的群落植物为研究对象,分析群落植物叶片N、P质量分数的加权平均值与海拔的关系,并通过构建零模型,探究沿海拔梯度贺兰山东、西坡植物群落构建机制。结果表明:贺兰山东坡植物叶片N质量分数和N、P质量分数比的群落加权平均值随着海拔的升高,呈现先增加后降低的趋势,并在海拔1600~2000 m处最高;东、西坡叶片P质量分数均随海拔升高逐渐增加。贺兰山东坡群落叶片N质量分数在中海拔(2000 m左右)处发散,在中高海拔(2600 m左右)处收敛;叶片P质量分数在中高海拔(2600 m左右)处最收敛,叶片N、P质量分数比在中低海拔(1700 m左右)处最发散。而贺兰山西坡植物叶片N质量分数在中高海拔(2600 m左右)处最发散,叶片P质量分数在中高海拔(2700 m左右)处最发散。环境因子不是贺兰山东坡群落构建的主要驱动因素,而是贺兰山西坡群落构建的主要驱动因素,其中,土壤N、P质量分数显著影响叶片N、P化学性状的群落加权方差。

急性NSTEMI患者PCI术后血清FAR、γ-GGT、NT-proBNP水平及对预后的预测价值研究

目的探讨并分析急性非ST段抬高心肌梗死(NSTEMI)患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)术后血清纤维蛋白原/白蛋白值(FAR)、γ-谷氨酰转肽酶(γ-GGT),N端脑钠肽前体(NT-proBNP)水平对预后的预测价值。方法回顾性分析2020年2月至2023年2月邯郸市中心医院收治的实施PCI的急性NSTEMI患者93例,根据术后30 d主要不良心血管事件(MACE)发生情况将其分为MACE组(n=21)及无MACE组(n=72)。比较术前、术后30 d MACE组及无MACE组血清FAR、γ-GGT、NT-proBNP水平,采用单因素和多因素Logistic回归分析对影响急性NSTEMI患者术后30 d MACE发生的危险因素进行分析,采用受试者操作特征(ROC)曲线分析血清FAR、γ-GGT、NT-proBNP水平对急性NSTEMI患者术后MACE发生的预测价值。结果MACE组年龄为(65.37±3.46)岁;Killip分级为Ⅰ级2例,Ⅱ级3例,Ⅲ级5例,Ⅳ级11例;病变支数双支5例,3支16例;术后30 d血清FAR、γ-GGT、NT-proBNP水平分别为(2.87±0.55)%、(53.27±3.06)U/L、(914.35±84.35)ng/mL。无MACE组的年龄为(58.71±2.86)岁;Killip分级为Ⅰ级32例,Ⅱ级27例,Ⅲ级7例,Ⅳ级6例;病变支数为双支53例,3支19例;术后30 d血清FAR、γ-GGT、NT-proBNP水平分别为(2.12±0.51)%、(44.33±3.35)U/L、(656.82±75.63)ng/mL。MACE组和无MACE组的年龄、Killip分级、病变支数及术后30 d血清FAR、γ-GGT、NT-proBNP水平比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),两组性别、吸烟史、高血压史、高血脂史、糖尿病史及术前1 d血清FAR、γ-GGT、NT-proBNP水平比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,血清FAR、γ-GGT、NT-proBNP升高均为影响急性期NSTEMI患者术后MACE发生的独立危险因素(OR=3.074、2.686、3.340,P均<0.05)。ROC结果显示血清FAR、γ-GGT、NT-proBNP及其联合检测预测急性NSTEMI患者术后MACE发生的曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.681、0.690、0.733和0.790,联合检测的AUC更高(P<0.05)。结论血清FAR、γ-GGT、NT-proBNP水平升高增加了急性NSTEMI患者PCI术后MACE的发生风险,三者联合检测对患者术后不良预后有一定预测价值。

天坑森林植物叶-凋落物-土壤C、N、P生态化学计量特征

为探究广西乐业大石围天坑森林群落的C、N、P养分循环特征,比较了天坑内外森林群落的植物叶片-凋落物-土壤C、N、P含量及其化学计量比,采用相关性分析和冗余分析等统计方法研究其内在联系和相互影响。结果表明,与天坑外部森林相比,天坑内部森林植物叶片和凋落物呈现出C低N、P高,土壤为C、N低P高的格局。植物叶片C:N、C:P与凋落物C、N:P显著正相关,植物叶片C与土壤P显著负相关;天坑外部森林的植物叶片N、N:P与土壤N:P显著负相关,植物叶片C:N与土壤C、C:N显著正相关,说明天坑森林内部凋落物的C、P养分可能主要来源于植物叶片,而天坑外部森林的植物叶片C、N主要来自土壤。土壤C:N:P对植物叶、凋落物的C:N:P变化的解释率分别为90.7%和50.6%,其中土壤P对植物叶和凋落物的C:N:P计量特征变化的解释度最高,坑内生境植物对P含量变化更为敏感、坑外植物对于N含量变化更为敏感,表明天坑内部森林可能是P素受限位点、天坑外部森林是N素受限位点。喀斯特天坑内部森林和外部森林植物叶-凋落物-土壤的C:N:P的差异和联系,体现了天坑内外森林群落的养分循环特征和植物群落的适应性。

基于VLPE技术的碲镉汞p-on-n双层异质结材料与器件研究进展

本文对比分析了碲镉汞p-on-n器件四种制备方式的优劣,其中,VLPE(Vertical Liquid Phase Epitaxy)技术具有原位As掺杂与高激活率的技术优势,是制备高性能p-on-n双层异质结器件的重要方式。针对该技术,从材料生长、器件工艺和器件性能方面回顾了国内外研究进展,讨论了国内外差距,明确了制约该技术发展的关键问题和技术难点,并提出了解决思路。最后,展望了VLPE技术pon-n异质结器件的发展趋势。

水曲柳叶片功能性状及C、N、P化学计量对海拔的响应

【目的】水曲柳是小陇山主要珍贵的用材树种,探讨其叶片性状对小生境变化的适应性,可为深入研究影响该树种的主要环境因子提供理论基础。【方法】以黑河保护区天然水曲柳为研究对象,分析4个海拔梯度(1268,1529,1741,1926 m)间14种叶片功能性状和叶片营养元素含量的差异显著性及其相关性。【结果】(1)随海拔升高,叶片厚度、干物质含量和叶绿素含量逐渐增大,并分别在海拔1741 m、1926 m、1741 m处达到最大,比叶面积、最大净光合速率、蒸腾速率、叶C和N含量则逐渐减少,除叶C含量外均在海拔1268 m达到最大。叶面积、气孔导度和叶C∶N随着海拔升高呈先增后降的趋势,胞间CO_(2)浓度、C∶P和N∶P呈先降后升的趋势。(2)海拔平均每上升200 m,叶片功能性状和C∶N平均增加1.13%~30.72%,比叶面积、最大净光合速率和C、N含量减小2.22%~15.75%。(3)各海拔叶N∶P为4.36~6.89,与最大净光合速率呈极显著正相关。最大净光合速率与比叶面积、C和N含量、C∶P和N∶P呈极显著正相关,与叶片厚度、干物质含量和叶绿素含量呈极显著负相关,比叶面积与干物质含量呈极显著负相关,与C和N含量和C∶P呈极显著正相关。【结论】海拔显著影响水曲柳叶片功能性状及元素含量,海拔1700 m以下有利于叶的发育和养分的积累。