NP配施对平茬后云南松苗木N、P、K化学计量比的影响

为了解NP配施对平茬后云南松(Pinus yunnanensis)苗木各器官N、P、K化学计量比的影响,分析云南松苗木不同器官(根、茎、叶、萌条)的ω(N)∶ω(P)、ω(N)∶ω(K)、ω(P)∶ω(K)化学计量比的季节变化特征,探讨各器官间N、P、K化学计量比的相关性及其变异来源。采用N、P二因素三水平的3×3回归设计开展不同施肥试验,并对苗木采样测定,研究NP配施对平茬后云南松根、叶、茎及其萌条N、P、K化学计量特征的影响。结果表明:平茬后云南松苗木不同器官的营养元素分配没有统一的规律,展现出丰富的变异。随着施肥季节的变化,ω(N)∶ω(P)在根、茎和萌条中逐渐下降,在叶中先下降后上升,但总体差异不大。单施N肥、P肥和NP配施均对云南松苗木生长的影响产生一定差异,总体来看NP配施更有利于促进苗木的生长,且以处理5(N_(1)P_(1))表现为极显著(P<0.01)。云南松苗木各器官N、P、K化学计量比主要受N×P交互作用的影响,其次是N,影响最小的是P。除在根和叶中ω(N)∶ω(P)与ω(N)∶ω(K)之间相关性发生改变之外,其余两两间的正负相关性均保持不变,而ω(N)∶ω(P)与ω(P)∶ω(K)、ω(N)∶ω(K)与ω(P)∶ω(K)的相关性均随着施肥季节的变化相关性发生改变,且相关系数降低,分别受P和K的调控。平茬改变植株体内的营养元素含量,不同施肥处理促使云南松各器官中N、P、K化学计量特征差异极显著(P<0.01)。NP配施可以有效缓解单施N肥、P肥对植株的限制作用,使养分处于一个平衡状态,从而满足植株对生长的需要。

颗石藻C∶N∶P比率对海洋酸化与暖化的响应及其机制

颗石藻是海洋中最重要的初级生产者之一,且能通过钙化作用产生颗粒无机碳(方解石小片,也称颗石粒)并释放CO_(2),对海洋碳循环有重要贡献。由大气CO_(2)浓度升高引起的海洋酸化与暖化对颗石藻产生重大影响,受到广泛关注。本研究主要综述海洋酸化与暖化对颗石藻的生长速率和碳(C)∶氮(N)∶磷(P)比率的单一和耦合效益的影响及其潜在机制,得出结果:海洋酸化对颗石藻生长速率的影响较小,通常增大颗石藻C∶P和N∶P比率;海洋升温通常提高颗石藻的生长速率,可能增大或减小C∶P和N∶P比率。海洋酸化降低颗石藻生长速率的最适温度;而海洋升温增加生长速率的最适CO_(2)浓度。结果表明:海洋酸化与暖化的耦合作用很可能增加颗石藻的生长速率及其对CO_(2)的吸收能力,进而增加颗石藻对海洋碳循环的贡献。

Comparison of foliar nutrient concentrations between natural and artificial forests of Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica on sandy land, China

In order to examine the causes of degradation of Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica plantations on sandy land, the foliar concentrations of N, P, K and C were analyzed and compared between the field grown P. sylvestris var. mongolica trees from two provenances （natural forests and plantations）. The results indicated that natural tree needles had lower N, P and C concentrations, and higher K concentrations than those of plantation tree needles. For plantation tree needles, ratios of N： P, P. K and N： K increased with tree age before 45 years old; but they were not clear for the natural tree needles. Compared with the conclusions reported on Pinus spp., we found that the foliar N and P concentrations were in the optimal range for both natural and plantation tree needles. This result suggested that N or P might not be the absolute limit factors in plant nutrient for P sylvestris var. mongolica on sandy land. However, foliar K concentrations in both natural and plantation tree needles were much lower than those reported on Pinus spp. （〉4.80 g kg-1）.The N： P ratio of natural needles was in the adequate ranges, but N： P ratio of plantation needles was out of the adequate ranges. These results indicated that there was a better balanced nutrition status in the natural forest than in the plantations. If only considering the foliar nutrient concentrations of P sylvestris var. mongolica from different provenances, it might be concluded that the degradation phenomenon of P. sylvestris var. mongolica plantations was not induced by nutrition deficiency of absolute nutrients of N and P, but might be induced by other mineral nutrients or by the effectiveness of N and P nutrients. The unbalanced nutrition status and relatively quick decomposition of needles in the plantations might also contribute to the degradation.

Effect of nitrogen and phosphorus addition on leaf nutrient concentrations and nutrient resorption efficiency of two dominant alpine grass species

Nitrogen(N)and phosphorus(P)are two essential nutrients that determine plant growth and many nutrient cycling processes.Increasing N and P deposition is an important driver of ecosystem changes.However,in contrast to numerous studies about the impacts of nutrient addition on forests and temperate grasslands,how plant foliar stoichiometry and nutrient resorption respond to N and P addition in alpine grasslands is poorly understood.Therefore,we conducted an N and P addition experiment(involving control,N addition,P addition,and N+P addition)in an alpine grassland on Kunlun Mountains(Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,China)in 2016 and 2017 to investigate the changes in leaf nutrient concentrations(i.e.,leaf N,Leaf P,and leaf N:P ratio)and nutrient resorption efficiency of Seriphidium rhodanthum and Stipa capillata,which are dominant species in this grassland.Results showed that N addition has significant effects on soil inorganic N(NO_(3)^(-)-N and NH_(4)^(+)-N)and leaf N of both species in the study periods.Compared with green leaves,leaf nutrient concentrations and nutrient resorption efficiency in senesced leaves of S.rhodanthum was more sensitive to N addition,whereas N addition influenced leaf N and leaf N:P ratio in green and senesced leaves of S.capillata.N addition did not influence N resorption efficiency of the two species.P addition and N+P addition significantly improved leaf P and had a negative effect on P resorption efficiency of the two species in the study period.These influences on plants can be explained by increasing P availability.The present results illustrated that the two species are more sensitive to P addition than N addition,which implies that P is the major limiting factor in the studied alpine grassland ecosystem.In addition,an interactive effect of N+P addition was only discernable with respect to soil availability,but did not affect plants.Therefore,exploring how nutrient characteristics and resorption response to N and P addition in the alpine grassland is important to understand nutrient use strategy of plants in terrestrial ecosystems.

Seasonal dynamics of N:P ratio stoichiometry and Ca fraction for four dominant plants in the Alxa Desert

Desert plants take on unique physiologically adaptive mechanisms in response to an adverse environment. In this study, we determined the concentrations of leaf nitrogen(N), phosphorus(P), and calcium(Ca) fraction for dominant species of Artemisia ordosica, A. frigida, Calligonum mongolicum, and Oxytropis aciphylla in the Alxa Desert and discussed seasonal changes of their leaf N:P ratio and Ca fraction. The results showed that, from May to September, the N:P ratios of A. ordosica and C. mongolicum gradually and significantly increased, while those of A. frigida, and O. aciphylla had an increase trend that was not significant; the physiologically active Ca of A. ordosica and A. frigida increased significantly,while that of C. mongolicum and O. aciphylla decreased significantly. The physiologically inert calcium of C. mongolicum increased extremely significantly, while that of others was not significant. There was a significantly positive correlation between the N:P ratio and physiologically active Ca for A. ordosica, and the N:P ratio was significantly and negatively correlated with physiologically active Ca for O. aciphylla. These findings revealed that the physiological regulation mechanism was different for the plants either in earlier stage or later stage of plant-community succession.

Effects of N:P ratio of Artemisia ordosica on growth influenced by soil calcium carbonate

Soil calcium carbonate(CaCO_3) has a strong solid phosphorus effect, and high content of CaCO_3 can significantly reduce the effectiveness of soil phosphorus. To reveal the limiting effect of soil CaCO_3 on the growth of plants on sand land and its mechanism of plant physiology, we performed pot experiments with a two-factor randomized block design and a three-factor orthogonal design for different soil CaCO_3 content treatments using Artemisia ordosica seedlings. In the experiments, we surveyed plant height, aboveground biomass, root length and root weight and analyzed N, P concentrations and RNA content of the seedlings, and discussed the relationships between relative growth rate(RGR) of the seedlings and N:P ratio as well as RNA. Results show that, the RGRs of plant height and above-ground biomass of the seedlings decreased significantly with the increase of soil CaCO_3 content, and those for root length and root weight decreased. The RGRs of plant height and above-ground biomass of the seedlings were significantly negatively correlated with leaf N:P ratios, but significantly positively correlated with leaf RNA content and leaf P concentrations. It can be seen that soil CaCO_3 is a stress factor for the growth of A. ordosica seedlings, and the growth response of the seedlings under the influence of soil CaCO_3 is in line with the Growth Rate Hypothesis.

Evaluation of Non-Point Source N and P Loads in a Small Mixed Land Use Land Cover Watershed

Non-point source pollution (NPS) of water resources has become a major problem in recent years due to more human interactions and disturbances to natural landscapes. The problem can have more impacts in sub-humid subtropical regions where high intensity monsoon rains have greater effects on hydrologic proc-esses and thus the assessment of those effects is necessitated for strategic water resources and environmental management. Since spatial and temporal changes of NPS pollutants are difficult to assess on a watershed scale, the assessment can be done effectively using a suitable water quantity-quality model coupled with GIS and remote sensing that incorporates spatial variations. The objective of this study was to assess the N and P loads from a small mixed type watershed comprising different land use land covers with the aid of Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT)-a hydrologic-water quality model. The model was calibrated for runoff and sediment transport and then simulation of associated N and P loads as NPS pollution was done and compared with measured values at the outlet of the watershed which is part of the DVC Command, Hazaribagh, India. The calibrated SWAT model was used to estimate the water soluble NO3-N, NH4-N, P, organic N and or-ganic P loads being transported as pollutants by runoff and percolated water. The estimates of these pollut-ants provided information on the extent of NPS pollution of water downstream. The results of the study re-veal that the NPS pollutant load in runoff varies with seasonal rainfall patterns and ranges from 2.57 to 4.52 kg/ha in case of NO3-N which accounts for a maximum load of 7661.40 kg of NO3-N in surface runoff from the watershed under study. The total loss of N from the watershed accounts for as high as 8.84 kg/ha, whereas the P load is 0.02 kg/ha. These losses can be as high as 14984.14 kg of total N and 50.85 kg of total P when estimated as NPS pollutants from the watershed. The study is therefore important to get an estimate of the extent of these pollutants and develop measures for mitigating the losses as nutrient as well as pollu-tion of water resources.

THE N/P RATIO IN THE NORTHERN SOUTH YELLOW SEA IN AUTUMN

Study of horizontal and vertical distributions of the N/P (nitrogen versus phosphate) atom ratio in the northern South Yellow Sea showed that the ratio varied greatly in upper waters of the investigated area and was always much greater than the theoretical Redfield ratio of 16:1 found below the thermocline zone. It was in general higher near the coast and lower in the central part. With increasing depth, the ratio became smaller and smaller. This distribution pattern is attributed to: 1) the anthropogenic influence of the surface N and P which makes the N/P ratio differ from the normal value; 2) the easy adsorption of P on particles hinders P transport to the central part; 3) below the thermocline zone, the N and P mainly come from the remineralization of the sedimented phytoplankton residues which have almost the theoretical Redfield value and; 4) the existence of the Yellow Sea Bottom Cold Water which inhibits the vertical exchange of the water.

The Inhibitory Degree Between Skeletonema costatum and Dinoflagllate Prorocentrum donghaiense at Different Concentrations of Phosphate and Nitrate/Phosphate Ratios

Interactions between Skeletonema costatum (S. costatum) and Prorocentrum donghaiense (P. donghaiiense) were inves-tigated using bi-algal cultures at different concentrations of phosphate (PO4-P) and nitrate/phosphate (N/P) ratios. Experiments were conducted under P-limited conditions and the Lotka-Volterra mathematical model was used to simulate the growth of S. costatum and P. donghaiense in the bi-algal cultures. Both of these two species were inhibited significantly in bi-algal culture. The results of the simulation showed that the inhibitory degree of S. costaum by P. donghaiense was high when the concentration of PO4-P was low (0.1μmolL-1/2 d), but that of P. donghaiense by S. costaum was high with increased PO4-P supply (0.6μmolL-1/2 d). At low concen-tration of PO4-P (0.1μmolL-1/2 d), or high concentration of PO4-P (0.6μmolL-1/2 d) with high N/P ratio (160), the interactions be-tween S. costatum and P. donghaiense were dependent on the initial cell densities of both species. At high concentration of PO4-P (0.6μmolL-1/2 d) with low N/P ratio (25 or 80), S. costatum exhibited a survival strategy superior to that of P. donghaiense. The de-gree of inhibition of P. donghaiense by S. costaum increased with elevated N/P ratio when the medium was supplemented with con-centration 0.1μmolL-1/2 d of PO4-P. The degree of inhibition to P. donghaiense by S. costaum increased with elevated N/P ratio at low concentration of PO4-P (0.1 μmolL-1/2 d). This trend was conversed at high concentration of PO4-P (0.6μmolL-1/2 d). However, the degree of inhibition of S. costaum by P. donghaiense increased with the increased N/P ratio at different PO4-P concentrations (0.1μmolL-1/2 d and 0.6μmolL-1/2 d). These results suggested that both phosphate concentration and N/P ratio affected the competition between S. costaum and P. donghaiense: P. donghaiense is more competitive in environments with low phosphate or high N/P ratio and the influence of N/P ratio on the competition was more significant with lower phosphate concentration.

Yield ratio of neutrons to protons in 12C（d,n）13N and 12C（d,p）13C from 0.6 to 3 MeV

The neutron yield in the12C(d,n)13N reaction and the proton yield in the12C(d,p)13C reaction have been measured using deuteron beams of energies 0.6-3 MeV.The deuteron beam is delivered from a 4-MeV electrostatic accelerator and bombarded on a thick carbon target.The neutrons are detected at 0°,24°,and 48°and the protons at135°in the laboratory frame.Further,the ratio of the neutron yield to the proton yield was calculated.This can be used to effectively recognize the resonances.The resonances are found at 1.4 MeV,1.7 MeV,and 2.5 MeV in the12C(d,p)13C reaction,and at 1.6 MeV and 2.7 MeV in the12C(d,n)13N reaction.The proposed method provides a way to reduce systematic uncertainty and helps confirm more resonances in compound nuclei.

Features on N/P ratio of plants with different functional groups between two types of steppe in semi-arid area

The differences in nitrogen/phosphorus(N/P)ratios of different functional groups in ecology are more helpful in explaining species competition and community dynamics.Based on the functional groups of plant growth type,carbon metabolism pathway,root type and phylogenetic type,we analyzed characteristics of leaf N/P ratios of 77 species in Sanggendalai(typical grassland zone)of Zhenglan Banner,Inner Mongolia,China and 91 species in the Habahu National Nature Reserve(desertified grassland zone)in Yanchi County of Ningxia,China.The results show that the N/P ratio(16.91)of C3 plants in the desertified steppe was significantly larger than that(12.72)in the typical steppe,but there was no significant difference between the N/P ratios of C4 plants in the two zones.There was no significant difference in N/P ratios between C3 plants and C4 plants in the same zone.Similarly,the N/P ratio(16.60)of dicotyledons in desertified steppe were significantly higher than that(12.98)in typical steppe,while differences in N/P ratios between monocotyledonous plants of the two zones was not significant,and there existed no significant difference in N/P ratios between dicotyledonous and monocotyledonous plants in the same zone.The N/P ratio had significant difference between gramineous and non-gramineous plants in the typical steppe but not in the desertified steppe,but there existed no significant difference in N/P ratios among different root types of perennial herbaceous plants in the same type of steppe or between two types of steppe.Thus,different features on the N/P ratios of C3 plants and dicotyledonous plants between typical steppe and desertified steppe may lead to different growth status of plants,and the N/P ratio stoichiometric of the same plant functional group may be a foundation of the changes of a plant community.

Comparison of the S-, N- or P-Deprivations’ Impacts on Stomatal Conductance, Transpiration and Photosynthetic Rate of Young Maize Leaves

Seven-day-old maize (Zea mays) plants were grown hydroponically for ten days in deprived nutrient solutions against the corresponding control grown under full nutrition;the effects of S-, N- or P-deprivation on laminas’ mean stomatal conductance (gs), transpiration rate (E) and photosynthetic rate (A) were monitored, along with the impact on the laminas’ total dry mass (DM), water amount (W), length and surface area (Sa). Furthermore, a time series analysis of each parameter’s response ratios (Rr), i.e. the treatment’s value divided by the corresponding control’s one, was performed. Under S-deprivation, the Rr of laminas’ mean gs, E, and A presented oscillations within a ±15% fluctuation zone, notably the “control” zone, whilst those of laminas’ total DM, water amount, surface area, and length included oscillation during the first days and deviation later on, presenting deviation during d10. Under the N-deprivation conditions all Rr time courses except the A one, included early deviations from the control zone without recovering. The deviation from the control zone appeared at d4. Under P-deprivation, all Rr time courses represented oscillations within the control zone. P-deprivation’s patterns resembled those of S-deprivation. Compared to the one of the S-deprivation, the P-one’s oscillations took place within a broader zone. Linear relationships among the various Rr patterns were found between gs-E, gs-A, E-A, DM-W and DM-Sa. In conclusion, the impact of P-deprivation appeared in an early stage and included an alleviation action, the one of N-deprivation appeared early with no alleviation action, whilst that of S-deprivation appeared later, being rather weaker when compared to the impact of the P-deprivation’s impact.

大鹏澳浮游植物现存量和初级生产力及N∶P值对其生长的影响

2001年7月测定大鹏澳表层叶绿素a含量为2.61—19.87mg·m-3,初级生产力为404.08—1097.25mgC·(m2·d)-1,N∶P值远高于Redfield比值16。回归分析表明,该水域浮游植物的现存量或生长量并不受某个单一因子调控。在营养盐加富试验中,加入含有P系列的浮游植物增殖速度最快,揭示P是此时大鹏澳浮游植物的潜在限制因子。将大鹏澳浮游植物水样置于不同的N∶P值环境中进行实验,结果表明,浮游植物在N∶P值为30的梯度组中生物量最高,浮游植物生物多样性程度也最高,其次是N∶P值为16和8的梯度组。N∶P值为30的梯度组的浮游植物优势种的时间变化最稳定。

湘潭锰矿栾树叶片和土壤N、P化学计量特征

湘潭锰矿区废弃地是一个典型的退化生态系统,针对矿区废弃地植被恢复中3个不同林龄的栾树林(3年生、5年生和9年生),测定了林木叶片以及相应土壤的N、P含量,综合分析了不同林龄土壤和林木叶片的化学计量特征。结果表明,随着年龄的增长土壤中N含量呈递增趋势,而P含量为递减趋势,在3个林龄中均表现出显著性差异;3个林龄叶片的N、P含量以及N∶P比值差异显著,N、P含量在年龄增长梯度上表现为降低,而N∶P比值却表现为升高;3个林龄叶片中N含量与N∶P比值之间表现出显著正相关,而P含量与N∶P比值之间却为显著负相关关系;土壤中N、P含量与叶片N∶P比值之间分别存在显著正相关和负相关关系。通过对3个林龄叶片和土壤N、P含量及化学计量特征研究,发现P很有可能成为湘潭锰矿退化生态系统植被恢复过程中植物生长的限制性因子。研究结果可为矿区废弃地植被恢复和经营管理以及森林可持续发展提供科学依据。

贵州石灰岩和砂岩地区C_4和C_3植物营养元素的化学计量对N/P比值波动的影响

陆地生态系统植物的生长受到营养元素氮(N)和磷(P)的可利用性的限制。已有的证据表明营养元素的相对丰度将控制生态系统的营养元素循环和能量流动的速度。文章提出如下假设:为了适应环境的变化,植物具有可伸缩性地调整营养元素含量的能力,也就是营养元素化学计量比值变化的能力,植物N/P比值波动的影响不仅来源于N对P的相对可利用性的变化,也来源于其他营养元素化学计量的变化,尤其是与Ca的化学计量的变化。为了验证上述假设,本研究利用3种C4植物和11种C3植物,研究了植物N/P化学计量比值的波动随N与Ca和P与Ca化学计量的变化模式:对C4植物来说,N/P比值的波动主要受生物量P与Ca化学计量变化的影响;而对C3植物来说,则同时受N与Ca和P与Ca化学计量变化的控制,它们之间的相对控制能力的大小将决定植物N/P比值波动的变化梯度,C4植物和C3植物的N/P比值的波动都要受土壤pH值的影响。本研究对了解物种丰度和N对P的相对可利用性、N与Ca,以及P与Ca的化学计量之间关系具有重要意义。

2种浮床植物吸收不同N/P水体中氮磷的研究

选取水稻、空心菜这2种常见植物作为研究对象,通过在容积为25 L的塑料水桶中设置浮床,在低、中、高3种N/P(分别为8∶1,25∶1,55∶1)富营养化水体表面种植植物,研究其对氮磷的去除效果。研究结果表明:①所选的2种试材——浮床水稻与空心菜能较好地吸收富营养化水体中的氮磷元素,可作为水体富营养化防治的浮床栽培植物进行推广;②在所选的3种N/P水体中,浮床水稻对TP的净去除率均大于浮床空心菜,而浮床空心菜对TN,NH3-N的净去除率大于浮床水稻,可根据富营养化水体的性质,选择适合的浮床植物进行栽种;③在低N/P(比值为8∶1)的水体中,2种植物对TN,NH3-N,TP的吸收能力最强,浮床水稻对其的净去除率分别为19.0%,91.4%,95.0%,浮床空心菜净去除率分别为28.2%,99.2%,87.2%。

缓释肥N／P养分配比及加载量对3种珍贵树种大规格容器苗生长的影响

[目的]研究缓释肥N/P养分配比及加载量对南方红豆杉、浙江楠和浙江樟苗木生长发育的影响,以科学指导大规格容器苗的高效培育。[方法]试验采用析因设计,研究N/P养分配比(1.75∶1、2.25∶1、2.75∶1和3.25∶1)及其加载量(1.5 kg·m^(-3)、2.5 kg·m^(-3)、3.5 kg·m^(-3)和4.5 kg·m^(-3))对3种珍贵树种2年生容器苗生长、株高生长节律、干物质积累及叶片SPAD值等影响。[结果]缓释肥N/P养分配比及加载量对3个树种容器苗生长及SPAD值影响不一。南方红豆杉、浙江楠和浙江樟干物质积累及根冠比在不同N/P养分配比间差异不大,浙江樟苗木生长受N/P养分配比影响较小,随着N/P养分配比增加,明显促进了浙江楠容器苗生长,却抑制了南方红豆杉的生长。缓释肥加载量对3个树种2年生容器苗生长和干物质积累的影响均达到极显著水平,随着缓释肥加载量增加可明显地促进3种树种株高、地径生长及干物质积累,增加了浙江楠地上干物质积累及南方红豆杉地下干物质积累,而对浙江樟根冠比影响未达统计学显著水平,但均显示加载量在3.5 kg·m^(-3)时达到最大值。N/P养分配比及与加载量的互作对3个树种苗木生长和干物质积累影响不明显,说明N/P养分配比对3个树种容器苗生长和质量的影响不因加载量的改变而变化或变化不大,反之亦然。随着缓释肥N/P养分配比的增加,可明显地延长南方红豆杉苗木株高的线性生长期,提高浙江楠株高的线性生长量,但对浙江樟株高的线性生长影响不明显。3种树种苗木叶片SPAD值差异很大,N/P养分配比及加载量并未改变3种树种叶片SPAD值动态变化规律,但随着N/P养分配比提高使南方红豆杉和浙江樟叶片SPAD值的起伏强度增大,3个树种SPAD值动态变化均随加载量增加而增大。[结论]南方红豆杉大规格容器苗培育较适宜的N/P养分配比为A1(1.75∶1)或A2(2.25∶1),而浙江楠和浙江樟为A3(2.75∶1),加载较高量的缓释肥F3(3.5 kg·m^(-3))可明显促进3种树种大规格容器苗的生长及SPAD值的提高,但加载量超过一定限度后,反而影响苗木的生长发育。

太湖马来眼子菜(Potamogeton malaianus)生物量变化及影响因素

2006年5月和10月在太湖马来眼子菜分布区进行了定点采样,分析了马来眼子菜的生物量在不同水域变化特征及影响其生物量主要因素。结果表明:不同水环境中,马来眼子菜的生物量变化较大,介于526～4843g/m2,个体植株生物量依次为叶>根>茎,其中叶的生物量占总生物量的55%～80%。水深增加能促进植株高度和生物量的增加,但单位面积生物量变化不明显。群落的自疏效应使马来眼子菜生物量与资源供应维持在一个动态平衡的水平上。马来眼子菜的生物量与水体中TN呈显著正相关,P是影响其生物量变化的间接限制因子,根、茎、叶的N/P介于16.92～59.88之间,叶片的N/P达到42.33。马来眼子菜对水环境的形态可塑性响应是其在水环境长期变化中逐步成为幸存者和优势种的重要原因之一。底泥的深度和营养含量对其分布和生物量具有显著影响。围网捕捞、养殖以及航运的发展是造成局部地区马来眼子菜生物量急剧下降的主要人为因素。不同水域的生物量的差异是水深、水体营养盐、底质特征、水体透明度、人类活动等因素综合作用的结果。同时,对水环境变化在形态上较强的可塑性响应,也是马来眼子菜生物量变化的重要原因之一。

干热河谷优势灌木细根、粗根与叶片养分(C、N、P)含量及化学计量比

分析生态脆弱区植物根系与叶片的养分含量特征,可认识植物生长发育的养分限制状况以及根系与叶片间的协同作用,并确定植物在恶劣环境条件下的适应性及生存策略。本文以典型生态脆弱区——干热河谷常见灌木植物马桑、坡柳和苦刺为研究对象,对其根系和叶片养分含量、化学计量比特征以及相互之间的关系进行研究。结果表明,马桑、坡柳粗根C含量显著高于细根(P<0.05),马桑细根P含量显著高于粗根(P<0.05)。细根、粗根养分含量的不同表明细根与粗根的生理生态功能具有较大差异。马桑和坡柳粗根的C∶N、C∶P均显著高于细根(P<0.05),坡柳细根和粗根的C∶N均显著高于马桑、苦刺(P<0.05)。根据N∶P判断,马桑细根(10.61)、粗根(11.42)生长均受到N的限制;坡柳细根(7.87)、粗根(6.00)生长受N的限制更为严重;苦刺细根(18.43)、粗根(16.34)生长均受P的限制。细根、粗根养分受限一致,表明细根和粗根的养分分配具出一定的协同性。除苦刺C外,灌木C、N、P含量均表现为叶片显著高于细根、粗根(P<0.05),表明叶片具有更高的养分含量。叶片N、P含量表现为苦刺显著高于马桑、坡柳(P<0.05),说明苦刺养分吸收能力更强。三种灌木N∶P均表现为叶片>根系(P<0.05),马桑、坡柳、苦刺叶片N∶P分别为40.05、35.34、45.26,三种灌木叶片的生长均受到P的限制。细根、粗根C含量与叶片无显著相关性,说明根系与叶片的C来源不同。根系N、P含量与叶片均呈显著正相关,说明叶片N、P主要来源于根系吸收的土壤养分,叶片与细根N、P相关性更强。上述结果表明植物体在生长代谢过程中具有整体性,植物的地上与地下营养器官在养分的分配过程中具有协同作用,细根与地上部分的协同作用比粗根强。