Hole fertilization in the root zone facilitates maize yield and nitrogen utilization by mitigating potential N loss and improving mineral N accumulation

Reducing environmental impacts and improving N utilization are critical to ensuring food security in China.Although root-zone fertilization has been considered an effective strategy to improve nitrogen use efficiency (NUE),the effect of controlled-release urea (CRU) applied in conjunction with normal urea in this mode is unclear.Therefore,a 3-year field experiment was conducted using a no-N-added as a control and two fertilization modes (FF,furrow fertilization by manual trenching,i.e.,farmer fertilizer practice;HF:root-zone hole fertilization by point broadcast manually) at 210 kg N ha^(–1) (controlled-release:normal fertilizer=5:5),along with a 1-year in-situ microplot experiment.Maize yield,NUE and N loss were investigated under different fertilization modes.The results showed that compared with FF,HF improved the average yield and N recovery efficiency by 8.5 and 22.3%over three years,respectively.HF had a greater potential for application than FF treatment,which led to increases in dry matter accumulation,total N uptake,SPAD value and LAI.In addition,HF remarkably enhanced the accumulation of ^(15)N derived from fertilizer by 17.2%compared with FF,which in turn reduced the potential loss of^(15)N by 43.8%.HF increased the accumulation of N in the tillage layer of soils at harvest for potential use in the subsequent season relative to FF.Hence,HF could match the N requirement of summer maize,sustain yield,improve NUE and reduce environmental N loss simultaneously.Overall,root-zone hole fertilization with blended CRU and normal urea can represent an effective and promising practice to achieve environmental integrity and food security on the North China Plain,which deserves further application and investigation.

Ammonia Volatilization and Denitrilfication Losses from an Irrigated Maize-Wheat Rotation Field in the North China Plain

Ammonia (NH3) volatilization, denitrification loss, and nitrous oxide (N2O) emission were investigated from an irrigated wheat-maize rotation field on the North China Plain, and the magnitude of gaseous N loss from denitrification and NH3 volatilization was assessed. The micrometeorological gradient diffusion method in conjunction with a Bowen Ratio system was utilized to measure actual NH3 fluxes over a large area, while the acetylene inhibition technique (intact soil cores) was employed for measurement of denitrification losses and N2O emissions. Ammonia volatilization loss was 26.62% of the applied fertilizer nitrogen (N) under maize, while 0.90% and 15.55% were lost from the wheat field at sowing and topdressing, respectively. The differences in NH3 volatilization between different measurement events may be due to differences between the fertilization methods, and to differences in climatic conditions such as soil temperature.Denitrification losses in the fertilized plots were 0.67%-2.87% and 0.31%-0.49% of the applied fertilizer N under maize and wheat after subtracting those of the controls, respectively. Nitrous oxide emissions in the fertilized plots were approximately 0.08%-0.41% and 0.26%-0.34% of the applied fertilizer N over the maize and wheat seasons after subtracting those of the controls, correspondingly. The fertilizer N losses due to NH3 volatilization were markedly higher than those through denitrification and nitrous oxide emissions. These results indicated that NH3 volatilization was an important N transformation in the crop-soil system and was likely to be the major cause of low efficiencies with N fertilizer in the study area. Denitrification was not a very important pathway of N fertilizer loss, but did result in important evolution of the greenhouse gas N2O and the effect of N2O emitted from agricultural fields on environment should not be overlooked.

Nitrogen Losses from Flooded Rice Field

A field microplot experiment was conducted during the tillering stage of paddy rice to investigate nitrogen(N) Iosses from flooded rice fields following fertilizer application. After application of ammonium bicarbonate,most of nitrogen in the floodwater was present as NH4-N and its concentration varied widely with time.Concentrations of both NO3-N and NO2-N in the floodwater were low due to the weakened nitrification.Under flooded anaerobic reducing conditions, soil solution concentrations of NO3-N and NH4-N were nothigh, ranging from 0.6 mg L-1 to 4.8 mg L-1, and decreased with soil depth. However, the groundwater wasstill contaminated with NO3-N and NH4-N. Rainfall simulation tests showed that the N losses via runoff inrice fields were closely related to the time intervals between fertilizer applications and rainfall events. Whena large rain fell for a short period after fertilizer application, the N losses via runoff could be large, whichcould have a considerable effect on

Effect of N Fertilization on Grain Yield of Winter Wheat and Apparent N Losses

Excessive nitrogen (N) fertilizer application to winter wheat is a common problem on the North China Plain. To determine the optimum fertilizer N rate for winter wheat production while minimizing N losses, field experiments were conducted for two growing seasons at eight sites, in Huimin County, Shandong Province, from 2001 to 2003. The optimum N rate for maximum grain yield was inversely related to the initial soil mineral N content (Nmin) in the top 90 cm of the soil profile before sowing. There was no yield response to the applied N at the three sites with high initial soil mineral N levels (average 212 kg N ha-1). The average optimum N rate was 96 kg N ha-1 for the five sites with low initial soil Nmin (average 155 kg N ha-1) before sowing. Residual nitrate N in the top 90 cm of the soil profile after harvest increased with increasing fertilizer N application rate. The apparent N losses during the wheat-growing season also increased with increasing N application rate. The average apparent N losses with the optimum N rates were less than 15 kg N ha-1, whereas the farmers' conventional N application rate resulted in losses of more than 100 kg N ha-1. Therefore, optimizing N use for winter wheat considerably reduced N losses to the environment without compromising crop yields.

N-乙酰半胱氨酸对冻融人卵巢组织的保护作用

目的以首都医科大学附属北京妇产医院生育力保护中心现有冻存复苏方案为基础,以雌性去势裸鼠为模型,通过人冻融卵巢组织异种移植探讨抗氧化剂N-乙酰半胱氨酸(N-Acetyl-L-Cysteine,NAC)对人卵巢组织的保护作用。方法将4例患者的卵巢组织按照原有冻融方案和改良方案(加入NAC)进行冻融,所有患者取材后留取新鲜卵巢组织进行钙黄绿素AM(Calcein acetoxymethyl ester,Calcein-AM)和苏木精-伊红(hematoxylin-eosin staining,HE)染色评估卵泡活性并计数。将36只雌性去势裸鼠随机分为4组,将复苏后的卵巢组织移植于双侧裸鼠肾被膜下,按照移植卵巢组织的冻融方案分为原有冻融方案组(control group),改良方案组(NAC group),卵巢去势组(ovariectomy group)和正常对照组(normal group,不进行手术)。分别在移植第3天、第7天、第21天处死裸鼠,取血清及卵巢组织移植物。采用酶联免疫吸附试验(enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,ELISA)法检测血清雌二醇(estradiol,E2)、卵泡刺激素(follicle stimulating hormone,FSH)和抗苗勒管激素(anti-mullerian hormone,AMH)水平,取卵巢组织移植物1片用于HE染色观察卵泡发育情况,1片用于总抗氧化能力(total antioxidant capability,TAC)的检测。结果移植后各时间点两移植组卵泡发育分级差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。NAC组总抗氧化能力显著高于control组(P<0.05),与新鲜卵巢组织相比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。移植第3天control组裸鼠血清中E2水平显著高于卵巢去势组(P<0.05),余各时间点两移植组与卵巢去势组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。移植后第3天和第21天两移植组裸鼠血清中FSH水平低于卵巢去势组(P<0.05),与正常对照组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。移植后第3天control组AMH显著高于卵巢去势组(P<0.05),与其余各组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),移植第7天两移植组AMH水平下降,显著低于正常对照组(P<0.05),移植第21天两移植组AMH水平均显著高于卵巢去势组(P<0.05),与正常对照组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论原有冻存方案及改良冻存方案均能有效恢复卵巢组织的内分泌功能。与原有冻存方案相比,NAC改良方案能够提高移植卵巢组织的抗氧化能力,并减少移植初期原始卵泡的激活,保存更多的原始卵泡数量。

N,N'-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺与OP-10对Q235钢在1 mol/L HCl中的缓蚀作用

针对在酸洗工况下金属的腐蚀问题,为解决单一缓蚀剂的成本高、效率低的问题,在N,N’-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺(NN)的最佳缓蚀浓度基础上将其与OP-10复配(N&P),采取失重实验、电化学实验、表面分析和理论模拟的方法,研究了NN和N&P缓蚀剂对Q235钢在1.0 mol/L HCl溶液中的缓蚀性能。结果表明:在30℃条件下,NN的交流阻抗谱、动电位极化曲线和失重实验所得的最佳缓蚀率分别为73.32%、85.57%、77.46%,而将NN与OP-10复配后的缓蚀效率分别提升至92.34%、96.26%、90.14%。量子化学表明:N&P吸附位点主要为OP-10分子中的大Π键和C-O键以及NN分子中的C=O键、C=C键、C-N键,具有较好的协同效应。

Nitrogen Runoff and Leaching Losses During Rice-Wheat Rotations in Taihu Lake Region,China

尽管通过流量的氮(N) 损失并且从农田沥滤被怀疑贡献包围水系统的恶化，没有最后的证据让水稻土证明这个假设。在这研究，地小区试验被进行通过流量调查 N 损失并且在大米(Oryza sativa L.) 与 3 N 受精率沥滤二连续的年小麦(Triticum aestivum L.) 在泰胡·莱克区域的旋转，中国。一个水收集系统被设计收集流量并且沥滤为米饭和小麦季节的 ates。结果出现了那溶解 N (DN ) ，而非微粒 N (PN ) ，是由流量的 N 损失的主要表格。NO3 ? 在流量的 -N 集中在 0.1 和 43.7 mg L 之间 ? ，而 NH4+-N 集中从在察觉限制下面到 8.5 mg L ? 。由流量的全部的 N (TN ) 负担是 1.0 17.9 和 5.2 38.6 kg 哈？在米饭和小麦季节期间，分别地并且主要损失在庄稼的早成长的阶段发生了。氮集中在沥滤 ates 在米饭季节期间在 1.0 mg L 下面？并且独立于 N 申请率，而那些在小麦季节期间增加了到 8.2 mg L？并且被化肥率影响。通过流量的 TN 的年度损失并且沥滤从大米小麦的 13.7 48.1 kg ha-1 正在收割系统，财务为 5.6%8.3% 总数使用了 N。它被结束在 N 受精率的那减小，特别当庄稼在生物资源是小的时，能为水系统降低 N 污染潜力。

Gaseous Loss of Nitrogen from Fertilizers Applied to a Paddy Soil in Southeastern China

Total nitrogen(N) loss and ammonia volatilization from urea applied to flooded rice grown on a paddy soil in Zhejiang Province were measured by ^15N balance and micro-meteorological methods,respectively.Floodwater properties and ammonia loss from the circular plot were compared with those from the microplots.And the effectiveness of urease inhibitor,NBPT [N-(n-butyl) thiophosphoric triamide],was also tested Results showed that the total losses from urea broadcast and incorporated at transplanting (basal dressing) were similar with those from urea broadcast 12 days after transplanting (top-dressing)(51.5% and 48%,respectively,of applied N),and ammonia losses were low,the corresponding figures were 10.8% and 7.0% of applied N,respectively.Thus,denitrification was a much more important pathway of nitrogen loss than ammonia volatilization under the particular conditions.Addition of NBPT retarded urea hydrolysis,reduced pHs and ammoniacal nitrogen concentrations of floodwater for either the application of urea as basal or as top-dressing,but these effects were not translated into the reduction of total nitrogen loss.Floodwater pHs and ammonia loss in the microplots were apparently lower than those in the circular plot from urea applied as basal dressing;however,such differences were not found when urea was top-dressed.The frequently raining days occurred after top-dressing may be responsible for the insignificant effect of plot size on floodwater pHs and ammonia volatilization.It seems that the effects of phot size on ploodwater properties and ammonia loss mainly depend on weather conditions,in addition to the height and leaf area index of the crop.

DC performance and AC loss of cable-in-conduit conductors for International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor

A reliable prediction of AC loss is essential for the application of International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor(ITER) cable-in-conduit conductors(CICCs);however,the calculation of AC loss of ITER CICCs is a cumbersome task due to the complicated geometry of the multistage cables and the extreme operating conditions in ITER.In this paper,we described the models developed for hysteresis and coupling loss calculation,which can be suitable for the construction of ITER magnetic system.Meanwhile,we compared the results of theoretical analysis with the SULTAN test result to evaluate the numerical model we used.In addition,we introduced the n-value and AC loss with transport current for CICCs based on the DC measurement results at SULTAN,which lays the foundation for the further study.

Losses of Urea-Nitrogen Applied to Maize Grown on a Calcareous Fluvo-Aquic Soil in North China Plain

Field experiments were conducted in a maize (Zea mays L.)field of a calcareous fluvo-aquic soil in North China Plain for studying the fate and ammonia loss of urea-N applied at seedling stage,as well as the effectiveness of coated calcium carbide(CCC) in reducing N loss and in improving the yield efficiency of urea.Results show that:(1) For the surface-broadcast treatment ammonia volatilization (measured with micro-meteorological technique)took place quickly,reached the peak 20-26hr after application,and then declined gradually;the cumulative ammonia loss approached the maximum 188hr after application (30% of the N applied),and increased only to 32% 284 hr after application;the latter accounted for 71% of the total loss (45% of applied N).(2) In the case of point placement at a depth of 5-10 cm,ammonia loss 188hr after application was only 12% of the N applied,accounting for 40% of the total loss.(3) There was no difference in total loss between the application depths of 6cm and 10 cm,the loss of them was 30% and 29%,respectively.(4) Total loss of N applied at lower rate (40kg N/ha)with point deep placement at 6cm depth was found only 4% of the N applied,it rose up to 30% when the rate of application increased to 80kg N/ ha.(5) The nitrification inhibitor,CCC,seemed to enhance N loss of urea rather than reduce it,and did not show any benefit effect in improving the yield efficiency of urea,which is presumably due to the high potential of ammonia volatilization in the soil and climatic conditions under investigation.

γ'-Fe4N软磁复合材料的磁性及损耗特性

软磁复合材料在光伏逆变器、新能源汽车及充电桩等新兴电力电子行业的应用前景广阔.目前研究者们聚焦于开发新型软磁复合材料,达到匹配以SiC和GaN为主的第3代高频宽禁带半导体的目标.本文利用氨气氮化羰基铁粉制备得到高电阻率的γ’-Fe_(4)N,并证实其具备优异的软磁性能,对γ’-Fe_(4)N进行球磨处理使其成为静磁易面γ’-Fe_(4)N粉体,所获得的易面粉体与聚氨酯(PU)混合制成软磁复合材料.与未球磨静磁易面化处理的非易面γ’-Fe_(4)N复合材料相比,静磁易面γ’-Fe_(4)N软磁复合材料具有更高的磁导率,更低的功率损耗.与同类软磁复合材料相比,通过氮化工艺降低磁性铁颗粒内涡流效应,静磁易面γ’-Fe_(4)N软磁复合材料具有优异的高频软磁性能.静磁易面γ’-Fe_(4)N为软磁复合材料匹配第3代宽禁带半导体的高频应用提供了一种新思路.

不同植被盖度香根草减少沟渠侵蚀和C,N,P流失的有效性

[目的]探究植物在降低沟渠侵蚀及减少C,N,P流失方面的影响,为流域沟渠侵蚀防控及污染物治理提供技术支撑。[方法]以中国南亚热带集约化蔗区那辣流域沟渠为研究对象,在沟渠中植入不同植被盖度:全部裸露,植被覆盖度为0(BG);部分覆盖,植被覆盖度1%~40%(SC);大部分覆盖,植被覆盖41%~80%(MC);全覆盖,植被覆盖81%~100%(CC)的草本植物香根草。对4—10月的植草沟渠在降雨后定期实地调查和监测,量化不同植被盖度下沟渠的侵蚀与养分流失特征。[结果](1)4—10月,不同植被盖度沟渠宽度、侵蚀量和C,N,P流失量随着时间的增加逐渐增加,大小均表现为:BG>SC>MC>CC。(2)相比于BG,SC,MC和CC沟渠侵蚀量分别降低了37.01%,71.60%和75.04%;C流失量分别降低了35.56%,70.91%和75.23%,N流失量分别降低了35.89%,71.01%和74.39%;P流失量分别降低了34.22%,70.59%和77.01%。(3)相关性分析表明,沟渠侵蚀量与覆盖度和植物根系密度均达到极显著负相关关系(p<0.01),分别解释了沟渠侵蚀变化的91.94%和89.23%。[结论]流域内植草,随着沟渠植被盖度的增加,沟蚀量和养分流失量逐渐降低,且植被盖度在处理MC和CC之间差异不显著。这一结果在改善其他水源区沟渠的侵蚀及降低污染物方面可提供参考依据。

Effects of Soil C/N Ratio on Apple Growth and Nitrogen Utilization,Residue and Loss

Soil C /N ratio is an important influencing factor in soil nitrogen cycling. Two-year old apple trees( Borkh. cv. ‘Fuji'/Malus hupehensis) were used to understand the effect of soil C/N ratio [6. 52( CK),10,15,20,25,30,35 and 40]on apple growth and nitrogen utilization and loss by using15N trace technique. The results showed that,with the increasing of soil C/N ratio,apple shoot length and fresh weight increased at first,and then decreased; the higher apple shoot length and fresh weight appeared in C/N = 15,20 and 25 treatments,and there were no significant differences among these three treatments,but significantly higher than the other treatments. Statistical analysis revealed that there was significant difference in nitrogen utilization rate between the different treatments,the highest N utilization rate was occurred in soil C/N = 25 treatment which value was 22. 87%,and there was no significant difference between soil C/N = 25 and C/N = 20 treatments,but both the two treatments were significantly higher than the other treatments; Soil C/N = 40 had the lowest N utilization rate which value was 15. 43%,and this value was less than CK( 16. 65%). The proportion of plant absorption nitrogen from fertilizer was much higher when the value of soil C/N ratio in the range of 15- 25,but the percentage of plant absorption nitrogen from soil was much higher when the soil C/N ratio was too low( < 15) or high( < 25). Amount of residual nitrogen in soil increased gradually with the soil C/N ratio increasing,the amount of residual nitrogen in C/N = 40 treatment was 1. 32 times than that in CK. With the increasing of soil C/N ratio,fertilizer nitrogen loss decreased at first,and then increased,fertilizer nitrogen loss was the minimum in C/N = 25 treatments( 49. 87%) and the maximum were occurred in CK( 61. 54%). Therefore,regarding the apple growth and nitrogen balance situation,the value of soil C/N ratio in the range of 15- 25 would be favorable for apple growth and could increase effectively nitrogen fixed by soil,reduce nitrogen loss,and improve the nitrogen utilization ratio.

北京潮土NO_3—N在土体中的移动特点及其淋失动态

利用养分渗滤池研究了北京潮土地区春小麦—夏玉米连作期间NO_3—N在土壤剖面中移动的时空动态。结果表明,NO_3—N的移动同降雨、灌水以及整个土壤系统中的水分状况密切相关。在春小麦期间只有个别处理在0—20cm和20-40cm中有显著移动,而夏玉米期间在0—130cm的土体中NO_3—N发生了“波浪式”的移动。淋失量同当时的降雨量线性相关。130cm深处NO_3—N含量在淋失高峰期可达10mgN.L^(-1)以上。此外,NO_3—N的移动同尿素施用量的多少有着密切关系,而尿素、硝铵和硫铵等肥料品种之间差异则不明显。^(15)N示踪结果表明,在春小麦前期尿素中的酰胺态氮或NH_4—N在0-20cm土层中直接移动,而来自肥料的NO_3—N在40—60cm处移动;夏玉米生长期间,在60cm以下深处有大量来自尿素和硝铵等残留标记氮的NO_3—N移动。

基于DNDC模型的稻田氮素流失及其影响因素研究

稻田氮素流失是导致农业面源污染的主要原因之一。采用测坑定位实验获得的野外观测数据对DNDC模型模拟稻田氮素流失的可行性进行验证,同时重点采用模型的敏感性分析功能对影响稻田氮素流失的关键因素进行分析研究。结果表明:DNDC模型能够准确地模拟不同施肥条件下稻田的氮素流失和水稻产量,施肥和降雨是影响稻田氮素流失的主要因素,与稻田氮素流失呈正比。值得注意的是,在目前施肥水平下有机肥的施用对稻田氮素的渗漏流失无明显贡献。此外,稻田氮素的渗漏流失还与土壤硝态氮的含量呈正比,而与土壤有机碳含量和黏土比例呈反比。根据敏感性分析结果可知,在我国稻田目前的施肥水平下,降低施肥量、采用节水灌溉以及增施有机肥等措施均是减少稻田氮素流失的有效手段。

菜地不同施氮量下N_2O逸出量的研究

用田间原位密闭气室法和乙炔抑制原状土柱培养法 ,研究了蔬菜地不同施氮量下 N2 O的逸出量。结果表明 ,在一定施氮量范围内 ,N2 O通量随施肥量的增加而上升 ;除最高施肥量 (N4 50 )外 ,N2 O占 (N2 +N2 O)的比率随施肥量的增加而增加。在施肥水平低时 ,氮素的损失以 N2 为主 ,当施肥量高于 30 0 kg/ hm2后 ,则以 N2 O为主。 2 m土体中 NO3- N分析结果表明 ,试验结束时对照和 N4 50 处理土壤剖面中有 NO3- N累积 ,其余各个处理氮素都存在一定程度的损失 ,其中损失量最大的是 N1 50 处理 ,与 N2 O逸出量的趋势相一致。 N2 O逸出量占肥料 N总用量的 0 .15 %～ 0 .6 6 % ,肥料逸出量占土壤 N2 O总逸出量的 39.0 %～ 70 .3% ,且在施氮水平低于 N30 0 以下时 ,N2

UAN添加氮肥抑制剂对生菜产量、品质及土壤氮平衡的影响

设施蔬菜生产中过量施氮的现象十分普遍,其高强度的水肥投入和不断扩大的种植面积,对环境的影响和面源污染的贡献越来越大。施用新型肥料是当前实现减肥增效的一个重要技术途径。尿素硝酸铵溶液(UAN)是近年来我国开始施用的一种新型液体氮肥,其在设施蔬菜中的高效应用与技术方法尚不明确。将UAN与脲酶抑制剂(NBPT)和硝化抑制剂(DCD)组成的双效抑制剂配施,设置田间试验,不同施氮组合分别为:不施氮CK、UAN、UAN+5 kg/t双效抑制剂(ND5)、UAN+8 kg/t双效抑制剂(ND8)、UAN+10 kg/t双效抑制剂(ND10)。采用滴灌施肥,全生育期共施肥2次,总氮量144 kg/hm^2,滴灌4次,总灌水量140 mm。结果表明,在UAN中添加氮肥抑制剂对生菜产量、品质和环境均有显著影响,生菜产量比UAN处理增加10%~21%,其中ND8处理产量最高,添加双效抑制剂的处理其叶片硝酸盐含量有降低趋势,土壤剖面硝态氮残留量也出现下降,有利于减少硝态氮的淋洗损失,减轻环境负荷。施肥增加了氮素表观损失,与UAN处理相比,添加中高量抑制剂有降低表观损失的趋势。随抑制剂添加量增加,经济收入先增加后降低,施用高量抑制剂产投比下降,经济效益变差。本试验中,液体氮肥UAN添加中等用量(8 kg/t)的双效抑制剂为兼顾生菜产量、品质与环境经济效益的适宜用量。

菜地土壤N_2O排放及其氮素反硝化损失

采用培养试验方法,对南京郊区3对菜地土和水稻土的N2O排放和氮素反硝化损失进行了研究。不加乙炔培养测定土壤N2O排放,加乙炔(10%V/V)培养测定反硝化损失。菜地土为相同类型水稻土改种为蔬菜约20年的土壤。结果表明,在培养0～1d期间,菜地土本身N2O排放通量(5.15～218.37ngN·g-1soil·h-1)均高于相同类型的水稻土(2.50～3.94ngN·g-1soil·h-1)。3对供试土壤中,2个菜地土培养21d排放的N2O总量与反硝化损失总量均显著高于相同类型的水稻土(P<0.05)。3对供试土壤施尿素后反硝化损失均未显著增加。施肥和不施肥处理,土壤N2O排放累积量和反硝化损失累积量随时间t的变化均符合修正的Elovich方程y=bln(t)+a。

麦秸还田对水稻产量及地表径流NPK流失的影响

在大田试验条件下,以水稻品种运2645为供试材料,设置常规处理(A)、麦秸还田(B)、麦秸还田减肥(C)、肥料运筹(D)和旋耕(E)5个处理组合,研究不同处理对水稻产量及农田地表径流NPK流失的影响。结果表明:(1)麦秸还田使水稻产量比常规处理增加3.0%左右;(2)试验年度稻季农田总地表径流水量为4.3×103m3·hm-2;(3)麦秸还田减肥和麦秸还田处理比其处理明显降低农田地表径流水体NPK流失量,不同处理地表径流总N流失量由低到高依次为麦秸还田减肥、麦秸还田、常规处理、肥料运筹和旋耕,不同处理地表径流总P和K的流失量由低到高依次为麦秸还田减肥、麦秸还田、肥料运筹、常规处理和旋耕;(4)麦秸还田能够降低稻田地表径流NPK的流失率,但麦秸还田减肥处理由于流失量减小幅度远低于肥料施用量的减小幅度,其NPK流失率均表现为最高;(5)麦秸还田使水稻产量略有增加,使稻田地表径流水体NPK流失量和流失率均明显降低。