Field and glasshouse experiments were conducted to study the effect of B. japonicum inoculation and phosphorus supplementation on macronutrient uptake by soybean. The treatments consisted of B. japonicum inoculation (...Field and glasshouse experiments were conducted to study the effect of B. japonicum inoculation and phosphorus supplementation on macronutrient uptake by soybean. The treatments consisted of B. japonicum inoculation (with & without), phosphorus supplementation at the levels of 0, 20, 40 and 80 kg P·ha-1. Both treatments were replicated four times in a split plot design. The macronutrients considered were N, P, K, Ca and Mg. Results showed that inoculation with B. japonicum significantly contribute to the uptake of N, P, K, Ca and Mg in roots, shoots, pods and the whole soybean plant. Likewise, phosphorus supplementation significantly enhanced the uptake of N, P, K, Ca and Mg in roots, shoots, pods and the whole plant. The use of effective strains of rhizobia and P supplementation was an effective way of enhancing the growth of soybean, eventually the uptake of macronutrients in plant organs.展开更多
[Objective]The aim was to study the effects of regulation of C/N ratio wheat straw application on tobacco nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium uptake. [Method]Effects of regulation C/N ratio wheat straw application on th...[Objective]The aim was to study the effects of regulation of C/N ratio wheat straw application on tobacco nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium uptake. [Method]Effects of regulation C/N ratio wheat straw application on the flue-cured tobacco yield,output value,nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium content and cumulative uptake of the upper,middle and bottom leaf were studied by using the field plot experiments at Banqiao town,Qujing city,Yunnan Province during the 2008-2009 summer growing seasons. [Result]The results showed that the application of wheat straw alone or after C/N regulation,could significantly increase tobacco production,potassium content,the potassium and nitrogen accumulation amount of leaf,and was more conducive to the potassium uptake of tobacco leaf with wheat straw application after C/N regulation. Compared with non-straw application,the yield of tobacco increased by 6.59%,3.58%,5.98%,8.80% with application of wheat straw alone,wheat straw and vetch,wheat straw and oilseed cake,wheat straw and urea nitrogen,the potassium content in tobacco leaf increased by 3.85%,7.76%,8.82%,11.21%,respectively,the total potassium cumulative amount of leaf increased by 10.71%,11.62%,15.32% ,21.01% and the total nitrogen cumulative amount increased by 9.76%,1.22%,8.14%,14.00%. However,the differences of tobacco leaf nitrogen content among the different treatments were not significant,the phosphorus uptake of tobacco leaf decreased. [Conclusion]application of high C/N ratio wheat straw in flue-cured tobacco production,which should be concerned not only to adjust C/N ratio by adding nitrogen,but also considering additional phosphorus application.展开更多
【目的】杂草是限制油菜丰产的重要因素之一,养分的合理管理对杂草防控起到关键作用。本研究在大田条件下,探究氮、磷、钾肥施用量对油菜与杂草生物量及养分竞争的影响,为生态控草和农业可持续发展提供依据。【方法】在湖北省武穴市开...【目的】杂草是限制油菜丰产的重要因素之一,养分的合理管理对杂草防控起到关键作用。本研究在大田条件下,探究氮、磷、钾肥施用量对油菜与杂草生物量及养分竞争的影响,为生态控草和农业可持续发展提供依据。【方法】在湖北省武穴市开展田间试验,采用单因素试验设计,设置氮(0、90、180和270 kg N·hm^(-2),分别用N0、N1、N2和N3表示)、磷(0、45、90和135 kg P_(2)O_(5)·hm^(-2),分别用P0、P1、P2和P3表示)、钾(0、60、120和180 kg K_(2)O·hm^(-2),分别用K0、K1、K2和K3表示)各4个不同用量梯度田间试验。在油菜成熟期,测定油菜籽产量、油菜和杂草的生物量及相应的养分含量,计算养分积累量,分析油菜与杂草的养分竞争关系及其对肥料用量的响应。【结果】施肥显著提高油菜籽产量、地上部总生物量和相应的养分积累量,在氮、磷、钾3种养分中,油菜生长和养分吸收对缺磷最敏感。N0、P0和K0处理的油菜籽产量分别为560、227和1490 kg·hm^(-2),分别只占相应最高产量(N3、P3和K3处理)的18.2%、7.5%和50.1%,油菜地上部总生物量随着养分的投入变化趋势与籽粒产量一致。N0、P0和K0处理的油菜相应养分积累量依次为19.96、0.88和26.21 kg·hm^(-2),分别占相应最高养分积累量的12.24%、3.72%、22.26%。杂草生物量和相应的养分积累量随着3种养分施用量的增加不断下降(磷肥用量试验P2处理最高除外),N0、P0和K0处理的杂草生物量分别为1365、3060和1535 kg·hm^(-2),分别是相应最低杂草生物量(N3、P2和K3处理)的7.59倍、5.19倍和3.61倍;N0、P0和K0处理杂草的相应养分积累量依次为17.60、1.91和9.38 kg·hm^(-2),分别是相应最低杂草养分积累量(N3、P2和K3处理)的3.78倍、1.54倍和1.52倍。与磷和钾相比,杂草与油菜对氮的养分竞争力更强,在各氮肥处理时杂草的氮含量均高于油菜。施肥提高了油菜与杂草的生物量和相应养分积累量的比值,除不施磷处理外,其他所有处理的油菜与杂草的生物量和相应养分积累量的比值均大于1,且这个比值随施肥量的增加而不断提高(磷肥用量试验P2处理最高除外),说明充足的养分供应可以显著提高油菜的生长势及养分吸收能力,发挥了抑制杂草的作用。【结论】冬油菜田间杂草的危害程度受养分供应状况的控制,施肥有效弥补了油菜生长前期除草剂不能完全控制整个生育期杂草的不足,氮、磷、钾肥充足施用能显著降低杂草生物量和相应的养分积累量,油菜与杂草竞争能力对3种养分的响应程度为磷>氮>钾。展开更多
为提高华南区甘蔗间作花生的经济效益,研究不同氮磷钾配施对花生养分吸收及产量效益的影响。田间试验设置氮磷钾肥各4个水平梯度,比较氮磷钾不同配比的施肥对花生养分吸收和产量效益的影响。结果表明:氮磷肥施用量增加促进间作花生对氮...为提高华南区甘蔗间作花生的经济效益,研究不同氮磷钾配施对花生养分吸收及产量效益的影响。田间试验设置氮磷钾肥各4个水平梯度,比较氮磷钾不同配比的施肥对花生养分吸收和产量效益的影响。结果表明:氮磷肥施用量增加促进间作花生对氮磷养分的吸收,而钾肥施用过量会抑制花生对钾养分的吸收。开花下针期到荚果膨大期是间作花生干物质积累、吸收养分的关键时期。间作花生干物质累积量随氮磷钾肥施用量的增加而增加,每形成1000 g的干物质,就需要吸收同化17.7 g N、1.7 g P_(2)O_(5)和11.3 g K_(2)O,吸收比列为10.4∶1∶6.6(N∶P_(2)O_(5)∶K_(2)O)。间作花生生产百千克荚果需吸收氮、磷、钾养分量分别在6.83~7.98 kg N、0.65~0.80 kg P_(2)O_(5)、4.10~5.32 kg K_(2)O之间。综上,华南区种植与甘蔗间作的花生,较优氮磷钾施肥配比为80 kg/hm^(2)N,70 kg/hm^(2)P_(2)O_(5),80~90 kg/hm^(2)K_(2)O,可提高花生产量和经济效益,以及养分吸收利用率。展开更多
文摘Field and glasshouse experiments were conducted to study the effect of B. japonicum inoculation and phosphorus supplementation on macronutrient uptake by soybean. The treatments consisted of B. japonicum inoculation (with & without), phosphorus supplementation at the levels of 0, 20, 40 and 80 kg P·ha-1. Both treatments were replicated four times in a split plot design. The macronutrients considered were N, P, K, Ca and Mg. Results showed that inoculation with B. japonicum significantly contribute to the uptake of N, P, K, Ca and Mg in roots, shoots, pods and the whole soybean plant. Likewise, phosphorus supplementation significantly enhanced the uptake of N, P, K, Ca and Mg in roots, shoots, pods and the whole plant. The use of effective strains of rhizobia and P supplementation was an effective way of enhancing the growth of soybean, eventually the uptake of macronutrients in plant organs.
基金Supported by National Science and Technology Support Program(2006BAD05B06-04)~~
文摘[Objective]The aim was to study the effects of regulation of C/N ratio wheat straw application on tobacco nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium uptake. [Method]Effects of regulation C/N ratio wheat straw application on the flue-cured tobacco yield,output value,nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium content and cumulative uptake of the upper,middle and bottom leaf were studied by using the field plot experiments at Banqiao town,Qujing city,Yunnan Province during the 2008-2009 summer growing seasons. [Result]The results showed that the application of wheat straw alone or after C/N regulation,could significantly increase tobacco production,potassium content,the potassium and nitrogen accumulation amount of leaf,and was more conducive to the potassium uptake of tobacco leaf with wheat straw application after C/N regulation. Compared with non-straw application,the yield of tobacco increased by 6.59%,3.58%,5.98%,8.80% with application of wheat straw alone,wheat straw and vetch,wheat straw and oilseed cake,wheat straw and urea nitrogen,the potassium content in tobacco leaf increased by 3.85%,7.76%,8.82%,11.21%,respectively,the total potassium cumulative amount of leaf increased by 10.71%,11.62%,15.32% ,21.01% and the total nitrogen cumulative amount increased by 9.76%,1.22%,8.14%,14.00%. However,the differences of tobacco leaf nitrogen content among the different treatments were not significant,the phosphorus uptake of tobacco leaf decreased. [Conclusion]application of high C/N ratio wheat straw in flue-cured tobacco production,which should be concerned not only to adjust C/N ratio by adding nitrogen,but also considering additional phosphorus application.
文摘【目的】杂草是限制油菜丰产的重要因素之一,养分的合理管理对杂草防控起到关键作用。本研究在大田条件下,探究氮、磷、钾肥施用量对油菜与杂草生物量及养分竞争的影响,为生态控草和农业可持续发展提供依据。【方法】在湖北省武穴市开展田间试验,采用单因素试验设计,设置氮(0、90、180和270 kg N·hm^(-2),分别用N0、N1、N2和N3表示)、磷(0、45、90和135 kg P_(2)O_(5)·hm^(-2),分别用P0、P1、P2和P3表示)、钾(0、60、120和180 kg K_(2)O·hm^(-2),分别用K0、K1、K2和K3表示)各4个不同用量梯度田间试验。在油菜成熟期,测定油菜籽产量、油菜和杂草的生物量及相应的养分含量,计算养分积累量,分析油菜与杂草的养分竞争关系及其对肥料用量的响应。【结果】施肥显著提高油菜籽产量、地上部总生物量和相应的养分积累量,在氮、磷、钾3种养分中,油菜生长和养分吸收对缺磷最敏感。N0、P0和K0处理的油菜籽产量分别为560、227和1490 kg·hm^(-2),分别只占相应最高产量(N3、P3和K3处理)的18.2%、7.5%和50.1%,油菜地上部总生物量随着养分的投入变化趋势与籽粒产量一致。N0、P0和K0处理的油菜相应养分积累量依次为19.96、0.88和26.21 kg·hm^(-2),分别占相应最高养分积累量的12.24%、3.72%、22.26%。杂草生物量和相应的养分积累量随着3种养分施用量的增加不断下降(磷肥用量试验P2处理最高除外),N0、P0和K0处理的杂草生物量分别为1365、3060和1535 kg·hm^(-2),分别是相应最低杂草生物量(N3、P2和K3处理)的7.59倍、5.19倍和3.61倍;N0、P0和K0处理杂草的相应养分积累量依次为17.60、1.91和9.38 kg·hm^(-2),分别是相应最低杂草养分积累量(N3、P2和K3处理)的3.78倍、1.54倍和1.52倍。与磷和钾相比,杂草与油菜对氮的养分竞争力更强,在各氮肥处理时杂草的氮含量均高于油菜。施肥提高了油菜与杂草的生物量和相应养分积累量的比值,除不施磷处理外,其他所有处理的油菜与杂草的生物量和相应养分积累量的比值均大于1,且这个比值随施肥量的增加而不断提高(磷肥用量试验P2处理最高除外),说明充足的养分供应可以显著提高油菜的生长势及养分吸收能力,发挥了抑制杂草的作用。【结论】冬油菜田间杂草的危害程度受养分供应状况的控制,施肥有效弥补了油菜生长前期除草剂不能完全控制整个生育期杂草的不足,氮、磷、钾肥充足施用能显著降低杂草生物量和相应的养分积累量,油菜与杂草竞争能力对3种养分的响应程度为磷>氮>钾。
文摘为提高华南区甘蔗间作花生的经济效益,研究不同氮磷钾配施对花生养分吸收及产量效益的影响。田间试验设置氮磷钾肥各4个水平梯度,比较氮磷钾不同配比的施肥对花生养分吸收和产量效益的影响。结果表明:氮磷肥施用量增加促进间作花生对氮磷养分的吸收,而钾肥施用过量会抑制花生对钾养分的吸收。开花下针期到荚果膨大期是间作花生干物质积累、吸收养分的关键时期。间作花生干物质累积量随氮磷钾肥施用量的增加而增加,每形成1000 g的干物质,就需要吸收同化17.7 g N、1.7 g P_(2)O_(5)和11.3 g K_(2)O,吸收比列为10.4∶1∶6.6(N∶P_(2)O_(5)∶K_(2)O)。间作花生生产百千克荚果需吸收氮、磷、钾养分量分别在6.83~7.98 kg N、0.65~0.80 kg P_(2)O_(5)、4.10~5.32 kg K_(2)O之间。综上,华南区种植与甘蔗间作的花生,较优氮磷钾施肥配比为80 kg/hm^(2)N,70 kg/hm^(2)P_(2)O_(5),80~90 kg/hm^(2)K_(2)O,可提高花生产量和经济效益,以及养分吸收利用率。
