Nutritional Quality of Breakfast Affects Cognitive Function: An fMRI Study

To investigate the neural underpinnings of the effect of nutrition, brain activity of six young healthy volunteers who had a breakfast including various nutrients was compared to when they skipped breakfast or had only sugar for breakfast by functional magnetic resonance imaging. A repeated measure counterbalanced crossover design was employed. We demonstrated that significantly higher brain activation was observed in the medial aspect of the prefrontal cortex when the subjects had a nutritionally balanced breakfast while the subjects were conducting N-back tasks. This preliminary report was the first to demonstrate by means of brain imaging techniques that taking various nutrients as breakfast as well sugar has relevant impacts on underlying physiological events or cognition.

{[K.18-Crown-6]Br_3}_n:A tribromide catalyst for the catalytic protection of amines and alcohols

{[K.18-Crown-6]Br3}n,a unique tribromide-type catalyst,was utilized for the N-boc protection of amines and trimethylsilylation(TMS)and tetrahydropyranylation(THP)of alcohols.The method is general for the preparation of N-boc derivatives of aliphatic(acyclic and cyclic)and aromatic,and primary and secondary amines and also various TMS-ethers and THP-ethers.The simple separation of the catalyst from the product is one of the many advantages of this method.

Kármán vortex street in a spin–orbit-coupled Bose–Einstein condensate with PT symmetry

The dynamics of spin–orbit-coupled Bose–Einstein condensate with parity-time symmetry through a moving obstacle potential is simulated numerically. In the miscible two-component condensate, the formation of the Kármán vortex street is observed in one component, while ‘the half-quantum vortex street' is observed in the other component. Other patterns of vortex shedding, such as oblique vortex dipoles, V-shaped vortex pairs, irregular turbulence, and combined modes of various wakes, can also be found. The ratio of inter-vortex spacing in one row to the distance between vortex rows is approximately0.18, which is less than the stability condition 0.28 of classical fluid. The drag force acting on the obstacle potential is simulated. The parametric regions of Kármán vortex street and other vortex patterns are calculated. The range of Kármán vortex street is surrounded by the region of combined modes. In addition, spin–orbit coupling disrupts the symmetry of the system and the gain-loss affects the local particle distribution of the system, which leads to the local symmetry breaking of the system, and finally influences the stability of the Kármán vortex street. Finally, we propose an experimental protocol to realize the Kármán vortex street in a system.

On Classification of k-Dimension Paths in n-Cube

The shortest k-dimension paths (k-paths) between vertices of n-cube are considered on the basis a bijective mapping of k-faces into words over a finite alphabet. The presentation of such paths is proposed as (n - k + 1)×n matrix of characters from the same alphabet. A classification of the paths is founded on numerical invariant as special partition. The partition consists of n parts, which correspond to columns of the matrix.

Adomian decomposition method simulation of von Kármán swrling bioconvection nanofluid flow

The study reveals analytically on the 3-dimensional viscous time-dependent gyrotactic bioconvection in swirling nanofluid flow past from a rotating disk.It is known that the deformation of the disk is along the radial direction.In addition to that Stefan blowing is considered.The Buongiorno nanofluid model is taken care of assuming the fluid to be dilute and we find Brownian motion and thermophoresis have dominant role on nanoscale unit.The primitive mass conservation equation,radial,tangential and axial momentum,heat,nano-particle concentration and micro-organism density function are developed in a cylindrical polar coordinate system with appropriate wall(disk surface)and free stream boundary conditions.This highly nonlinear,strongly coupled system of unsteady partial differential equations is normalized with the classical von Kármán and other transformations to render the boundary value problem into an ordinary differential system.The emerging 11th order system features an extensive range of dimensionless flow parameters,i.e.,disk stretching rate,Brownian motion,thermophoresis,bioconvection Lewis number,unsteadiness parameter,ordinary Lewis number,Prandtl number,mass convective Biot number,Péclet number and Stefan blowing parameter.Solutions of the system are obtained with developed semi-analytical technique,i.e.,Adomian decomposition method.Validation of the said problem is also conducted with earlier literature computed by Runge-Kutta shooting technique.

K改性NiAl类水滑石衍生复合氧化物催化分解N_2O

制备了Ni/Al=4.1(原子比)的NiAl类水滑石,焙烧获得NiAl复合氧化物,浸渍K2CO3溶液制备了K改性NiAl复合氧化物催化剂,其中K/Ni=0.05～0.2(原子比),用于N2O催化分解反应。通过元素分析、XRD、BET、H2-TPR、XPS等技术表征了催化剂的组成结构,考察了NiAl类水滑石的预处理方式、K负载量、焙烧温度等制备参数及反应条件对催化剂活性的影响。结果表明,K2CO3溶液浸渍焙烧态NiAl类水滑石(NiAl复合氧化物)制备的催化剂活性高于K2CO3溶液浸渍新鲜类水滑石制备的催化剂,而K/Ni=0.1、400℃焙烧的催化剂活性较高;在NiAl复合氧化物中引入K离子,增大了催化剂表面Ni2+周围的电子云密度,从而减弱了催化剂表面Ni-O键强度,降低了表面NiO的还原温度,提高了催化剂活性。

基于改进N-K模型的地铁盾构掘进安全风险耦合研究

为预防和控制地铁盾构掘进施工过程中的关键安全风险,并精准判断哪些风险耦合情境是导致事故发生的显著情境,提出改进N-K模型研究地铁盾构掘进安全风险耦合;综合运用文献研究、事故案例、专家访谈等方法,辨识地铁盾构掘进的关键安全风险因素;基于N-K模型提出新的地铁盾构掘进安全风险耦合评估模型,并选用安全事故案例验证该模型的适用性。结果表明:辨识得到地铁盾构掘进关键安全风险因素清单,包括4类一级风险因素,21个二级风险因素;地铁盾构掘进施工安全风险随着耦合因素种类的增加而变大,4因素风险耦合值最高,3因素风险耦合值次之,双因素风险耦合值最低,作业人员安全意识薄弱和机械故障参与作用的耦合情境更容易发生安全事故。

基于DEMATEL/N-K的机坪管制系统运行风险因素耦合分析

为了分析机坪管制系统风险因素的耦合性,将决策实验室分析(DEMATEL)模型与N-K模型相结合形成新的风险因素耦合分析模型。首先,利用N-K模型对2017—2019年机坪管制运行不安全事件进行耦合分析,计算不同耦合方式的耦合值;然后,利用DEMATEL模型计算安全风险因素的影响度和被影响度,确定要素的中心度排序,通过DEMATEL模型得到的综合影响矩阵计算可达矩阵,用来分析风险因素的可达性,最后,利用风险因素耦合值对各风险节点的中心度进行修正,获得关键的风险因素。基于实际运行数据,通过DEMATEL/N-K模型分析机坪管制系统的关键风险因素。结果表明,人为因素和机械因素之间的耦合程度明显更高,即更容易导致事故的发生,其中地面保障人员操作出错或未有效观察航空器造成航空器或地面保障设备故障是重点防控的对象。此外,在夜晚或雨天等视线条件下工作,更容易发生不安全事件,应当采取措施控制此类风险。

Hygienic Quality and Nutritional Value of Attiékéfrom Local and Imported Cassava Dough Produced with Different Traditional Starters in Burkina Faso

Attiéké is an essentially flavour starchy food produced from fermented cassava root. The product is widely consumed in Burkina Faso. The objective of the present study was to investigate the biochemical and the microbiological characteristics of attiéké from Burkina Faso. The samples (36) were collected from six (6) producers. Cassava dough which is used for attiéké production contains from 70.67% ± 0.25% to 86.02% ± 0.2% as starch. The undesirable organic elements rate is about 1.28% ± 0.14% to 26.46% ± 0.53%. The inorganic impurities rate is about 0 to 7 ± 0.1 mg/100g. Cassava dough acidity varies from 1.8 ± 0.2 to 12.4 ± 0.1;and its pH from 3.48 ± 0.01 to 4.20 ± 0.01. Lactic bacteria are the main microorganisms involved in cassava dough fermentation (5.17 to 9.30 log cfu/g). Yeasts and molds number is low (<6.53 log cfu/g). Attiéké moister is about 50.6% ± 0.00% to 55.12% ± 0.7% and its protein contents from 0.77 to 1.74 ± 0.13 g/100g. The content in lipid of attiéké shows an important variation and is about 0.15 to 3.28 ± 0.32 g/100g. Carbohydrates content varies from 36.6 ± 0.04 to 47.01 ± 0.1 g/100g and its ashes content is from 140 to 780 ± 20 mg/100g. Attiéké acidity and pH are less weak than cassava dough. They vary respectively from 0.92% ± 0.05% to 4.08% ± 0.57% and from 3.7 to 4.4 ± 0.01. As a main energizer food, attiéké energizing value is from 161.95 to 215.26 Kcal/100g. All the attiéké analyzed was exempt of aflatoxin (B1, B2, G1, G2) and ochratoxin A. The local attiéké has higher acidity, fermented bacteria load, protein and minerals salt than the imported one. The process mastery is the mainly factor that determines nutritional and sanitary quality of attiéké.

Effect of K^+ Nutrition on Growth and Activity of Leaf Tonoplast V-H^+-ATPase and V-H^+-PPase of Suaeda salsa Under NaCl Stress

Suaeda salsa L. seedlings grown in Hoagland nutrient solution were treated with different concentrations of NaCl combined with two levels of K + (12 μmol/L and 6 mmol/L) to study the K + nutrition effect on plant growth and leaf tonoplast V-H +-ATPase and V-H +-PPase activity. Increase of K + supply in the culture solution markedly increased the fresh weight, dry weight and K + content of S. salsa plants. Western blot analysis showed that the leaf V-H +-ATPase of S. salsa was at least composed of A,B,C,D,E and c subunits, and their expression decreased with the increase of NaCl concentration under K + starvation (12 μmol/L K +), but increased under normal K + application (6 mmol/L K +). Leaf V-H +-PPase molecular weight was about 72.6 kD and its expression increased as NaCl concentration increased under both high or low levels of K + concentration in nutrient solution. There was a positive correlation between of V-H +-ATPase or V-H +-PPase activity and the amounts of their expression. Results in this study suggest that K + nutrition plays an important role in the salt tolerance of S. salsa, and K + is involved in the regulation of V-H +-ATPase or V-H +-PPase activity under salt stress.

圈C_n的k-Steiner Wiener指数和超k-Steiner Wiener指数

点集S的Steiner距离d(S)是指包含子集S的最小连通子图的边数即d(S)=min{|E(H)|:S■V(H),H是G的连通子图}.2016年,李学良,毛亚平和Gutman提出了k-Steiner Wiener指数SW k(G)和超k-Steiner Wiener指数SWW k(G)的概念,SW k(G)=∑S■V(G),|S|=k d(S)SWWk(G)=1/2∑S■V(G),|S|=k d(S)+1/2∑S■V(G),|S|=k d(S)2.文章利用k-Hosoya多项式给出了圈C n的k-Steiner Wiener指数和超k-Steiner Wiener指数.

A Preliminary Study on Dynamics and Models of N,P,K Absorption for High-Yield Cotton

The field experiments were carried out to investigate the dynamics and models of N, P and K absorption for the cotton plants with a lint of 3 000 kg ha-1 in Xinjiang. The main results were as follows: The contents of N, P2O5, K2O in cotton leaves, stems, squares and bolls decreased obviously with the time over the whole growth duration and the falling extent was greater in high-yield cotton than in CK. Contents of N in leaves, squares and bolls, in particular in the leaves of fruit-bearing shoot was higher in high-yield cotton than in CK. Contents of P2O5 in squares and bolls and that of K2O in stems were higher in high-yield cotton than in CK during the whole growing period. The accumulations of N, P2O5 and K2O in the cotton plants could be described with a logistic curve equation. There was the fastest nutrient uptake at about 90 d for N, 92 d for P2O5 and 85 d for K2O after emergence, respectively. Total nutrient accumulation of N, P2O5 and K2O was 385.8, 244. 7 and 340.3 kg ha-1, respectively. Approximately 12. 5 kg N, 8. 0 kg P2O5 and 11.1 kg K2O were needed for producing 100 kg lint with the leaves and stems under the super high yield condition of 3 000 kg ha-1 in Xinjiang.

融合N-K模型的复杂网络船舶自沉事故风险因素耦合分析

为定量分析船舶自沉风险因素间的影响关系,识别导致船舶自沉事故的关键因素,科学预防事故的发生,引入融合N-K模型的复杂网络研究船舶自沉事故风险耦合。首先结合中国海事局公布的136起船舶自沉事故案例,分析事故致因,将船舶自沉事故风险因素归纳为4个一级风险因素和15个二级风险因素,运用N-K模型计算出一级风险因素风险耦合的发生概率和风险值;然后,以二级风险因素为节点、致因关联为边,构建危险因子的关联网络,通过风险可达性分析和网络节点中心度分析,探究危险因子的作用机制,对危险因子进行初步识别,并以N-K模型计算的耦合值对节点中心度进行改进,获得最终的关键风险因素;最后,挖掘船舶自沉事故致因网络的凝聚子群并进行分析,得到密度矩阵,确定风险关联性最强的二级风险因素,以期从事故源头上采取有效措施,为船舶自沉事故的科学预防提供有益参考。结果表明:船舶自沉事故的发生与风险耦合值成正比,耦合因素越多则风险值越大;人的因素和船舶因素风险耦合易导致船舶自沉事故;导致船舶自沉事故的关键风险因素为安全意识淡薄、公司未履责、船舶管理不到位、公司管理不到位、船舶故障、船舶不适航,其中安全意识淡薄与其他风险关联性最大,须重点防范。

Hamiltonian[k,k+1]-因子(英文)

本文考虑n/2-临界图中Hamiltonian[k,k+1]-因子的存在性。Hamiltonian[k,k+1]-因子是指包含Hamiltonian圈的[k,k+1]-因子;给定阶数为n的简单图G,若δ(G)≥n/2而δ(G\e)<n/2(对任意的e∈E(G)),则称G为n/2-临界图。设k为大于等于2的整数,G为n/2-临界图(其中n≥4k-6且n≥7),我们证明了对于G的任何Hamiltonian圈C,G中必存在包含C的[k,k+1]-因子。该结果改进了现有的一些有关Hamiltonian[k,k+1]-因子存在性的结果。

关于sum from k=0 to [n-r/m](C_n^(r+km))一般式的推导与运用

对一定间隔的连续组合数证明问题进行一般性总结,系统地给予一般式证明,导出推论,结合实际问题加以运用。

云南松苗木N、P、K元素含量间异速生长关系对N、P添加的响应

为了解云南松苗木不同器官N、P、K的分布特征,分析云南松不同器官N、P、K含量间的分配差异,进一步探讨各器官N、P、K元素间的异速生长关系。采用N、P二因素三水平的方法开展不同施肥试验,并对苗木采样测定,研究云南松苗木N、P、K元素含量间异速生长关系对N、P添加的响应。结果表明,云南松苗木对N、P、K在不同器官间具有不同的分配策略,总体K变动较小,N、P波动较大且相似,在各器官中N、K分配表现为萌条>叶>茎>根;P表现为萌条>茎>叶>根。与对照相比,单施N、P和N、P配施均对云南松苗木生长的影响产生一定差异,总体来看N、P配施更能促进苗木的养分合理分配,有效缓解单施N、P对植株的限制作用,使养分处于一个平衡状态,进而促进苗木的生长。随施肥时间的推移,各器官营养元素间的异速生长关系也随之发生变化,且各器官表现为N、P的积累速度相接近,总体表现为K的积累速度低于N、P。总体而言,随施肥时间的改变,云南松苗木各器官之间元素的异速生长轨迹发生了显著变化,形成不同的营养元素分配模式。

复杂社会网络与N-K模型的氢能储运系统风险因素耦合分析

将复杂社会网络(SNA)与N-K模型的融合风险因素分析体系引入氢能储运系统安全风险评价中。收集整理国内外近20年来氢能储运事故案例;运用N-K模型计算风险耦合值并确定事故耦合形式,利用SNA构建关联网络计算风险度量;结合复杂社会网络可达性分析与N-K模型修正出接近中心度以确定关键风险因素,并提出相关对策措施。结果表明:避免人-设-环-管多因素风险耦合形式是降低事故发生概率的关键方式;设-环-管三因素风险耦合形式最易引起事故的发生;人才队伍、管理执行力度、规章制度、文化水平、专业技能是需要重点防范的关键风险因素。

Consecutive-(r,f,k) out-of-n:F和Consecutive-(f,g)-out-of-(r,n):F线性系统的可靠性

Consecutive-(r,f,k)-out-of-n:F系统由n个单元顺序连结而成,仅当在连续的r个单元中,至少有f个失效或者至少连续k个失效,整个系统才失效;而Consecutive-(f,g)-out-of-(r,n):F系统由n个单元顺序连结而成,仅当在整个系统中至少有f个失效或者在连续的r个单元中,至少有g个失效,整个系统才失效。本文运用马氏链嵌入方法,在单元之间相互独立以及单元之间马氏相关这两种情况下,给出线性系统的可靠性。

基于N-K模型的石化储罐事故风险耦合度分析

为预防石化储罐事故,通过收集212份石化储罐事故报告,将事故风险因素归纳为人为、设备、环境、管理4个类别,利用N-K模型分析事故风险因素之间的耦合作用,并运用N-K模型计算各种耦合模式下的风险耦合度,得出了石化储罐事故风险因素的耦合关系及耦合作用规律。结果表明,随着参与耦合的因素增多,风险耦合值总体呈现上升趋势;人为因素与其它因素耦合更容易导致事故;石化储罐区事故各风险因素之间的耦合作用程度相比其它行业更高。研究结果可为石化企业储罐事故管控提供依据和参考。

Macronutrients Uptake in Soybean as Affected by <i>Bradyrhizobium japonicum</i>Inoculation and Phosphorus (P) Supplements

Field and glasshouse experiments were conducted to study the effect of B. japonicum inoculation and phosphorus supplementation on macronutrient uptake by soybean. The treatments consisted of B. japonicum inoculation (with & without), phosphorus supplementation at the levels of 0, 20, 40 and 80 kg P·ha-1. Both treatments were replicated four times in a split plot design. The macronutrients considered were N, P, K, Ca and Mg. Results showed that inoculation with B. japonicum significantly contribute to the uptake of N, P, K, Ca and Mg in roots, shoots, pods and the whole soybean plant. Likewise, phosphorus supplementation significantly enhanced the uptake of N, P, K, Ca and Mg in roots, shoots, pods and the whole plant. The use of effective strains of rhizobia and P supplementation was an effective way of enhancing the growth of soybean, eventually the uptake of macronutrients in plant organs.