Biodegradability of Chlorinated Anilines in Waters

Objective To identify the bacteria tolerating chlorinated anilines and to study the biodegradability of o-chloroaniline and its coexistent compounds. Methods Microbial community of complex bacteria was identified by plate culture observation techniques and Gram stain method. Bacterial growth inhibition test was used to determine the tolerance of complex bacteria to toxicant. Biodegradability of chlorinated anilines was determined using domesticated complex bacteria as an inoculum by shaking-flask test. Results The complex bacteria were identified, consisting of Xanthomonas, Bacillus alcaligenes, Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas, and Actinomycetaceae nocardia. The obtained complex bacteria were more tolerant to o-chloroaniline than mixture bacteria in natural river waters. The effects of exposure concentration and inoculum size on the biodegradability of o-chloroaniline were analyzed, and the biodegradation characteristics of single o-chloroaniline and 2, 4-dichloroaniline were compared with the coexistent compounds. Conclusion The biodegradation rates can be improved by decreasing concentration of compounds and increasing inoculum size of complex bacteria. When o-chloroaniline coexists with aniline, the latter is biodegraded prior to the former, and as a consequence the metabolic efficiency of o-chloroaniline is improved with the increase of aniline concentration. Meanwhile, when o-chloroaniline coexists with 2,4-dichloroaniline, the metabolic efficiency of 2,4-dichloroaniline is markedly improved.

The Synthesis of Symmetrical Azobenzenes from Anilines by Phase Transfer Catalysis

Using galvinoxyl as catalyst, the phase transfer catalyzed method of oxidation of primary amines to symmetrical azobenzenes with a saturated solution of potassium ferricyanide in 2 mom aqueous potassium hydroxide and dichloromethane is described. The reaction has intimate relation with Hammett substituent constants. This report offers an efficient and rapid method to prepare azobenzenes and a possible mechanism is also suggested.

QSPR Studies on the Octanol/water Partition Coefficient (lgK_(ow)) of Substituted Anilines with 2D and 3D Methods

Octanol/water partition coefficient （Kow） is a crucial property for evaluating the environmental behavior and fate of organic compound. Herein, some quantitative structure-property relationship （QSPR） studies were performed to estimate and predict the lgK ow of substituted anilines. 2D method （multiple linear regression, MLR） and 3D method （comparative molecular field analysis, CoMFA） were applied in this study. Successful 2D and 3D models yielded the correlation coefficient （R2） values of 0.981 and 0.966 and the Leave-One-Out （LOO） cross-validated correlation coefficient （q2） values of 0.933 and 0.820, respectively. The developed models have a highly predictive ability in both internal and external validation. In addition, the results were interpreted in terms of physical and chemical meanings of descriptors and field contribution maps. It showed that the steric and electrostatic properties are the primary factors that govern the lgK ow of substituted anilines. The information obtained from the QSPR models would be helpful to the interpretation of structural features pertinent to the lgK ow of substituted anilines, which may be helpful in estimating the organic compounds＇ potential harm to the environment.

One-Pot Three-Component Synthesis of N-Arylmethyl-4-(7-cyclohepta-1,3,5-trienyl)anilines

We report a one-pot three-component synthesis of N-arylmethyl-4-(7-cyclohepta-1,3,5-trienyl)anilines by using various aromatic imines, tropylium tetrafluoroborate, and sodium tetrahydroborate in the presence of imidazole as activator.

Chemical Enhancement of the Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering Signals of Anilines via Their <i>Ortho</i>-Substituents

While Raman spectroscopy is a useful method for analyzing many organic compounds, it is limited by relatively low sensitivity. Therefore, Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) based on the adsorption of organic analytes onto gold or silver nanostructures has been used to enhance the signal of chemicals presented at very low concentrations. Although the plasmonic effect of SERS has been shown to play a large role in signal enhancement, the significance of the chemical effect due to the analyte chemisorption on the gold or silver surface is less well understood. In this study, the role of aniline substituents is examined by probing the SERS intensities of various anilines in silver and gold colloids using a Raman spectrometer with an excitation wavelength of 785 nm. The SERS enhancement factors and detection limits for aniline and its mono- and di-substituted ortho derivatives are determined and compared. Both the steric requirements of chemisorption and the inductive effects of electron-withdrawal due to the substituents affect the signal intensities of various vibrational modes of the amino group and the aromatic ring. The degree of enhancement is also related to the methods for preparing the silver and gold colloids, which are characterized by probing the nanoparticle morphology and its degree of aggregation using transmission electron microscopy (TEM).

Can the Prediction of Intrauterine Insemination Results by Used Aniline Blue Stain (ABS) and Sperm Chromatin Dispersion (SCD) Levels?

Introduction: This study aimed to perform routine seminal fluid analysis, sperm DNA fragmentation, and sperm function tests at the chromatin maturation level and evaluate pregnancy in the patients passing intrauterine insemination before starting Intrauterine Insemination (IUI) method. Materials and Methods: In this prospective study, 111 couples who underwent Intrauterine Insemination (IUI) in unexplained infertility patients were admitted to Al-Farah IVF and assisted reproductive center in Baghdad, Iraq between November 2020 and February 2021 were evaluated. Semen fluid analysis was performed based on (WHO 4th) guiding rules. In addition, Sperm Chromatin Dispersion (halo test) and sperm maturation were performed with Aniline Blue Stain (ABS). Results: Sperm Chromatin Dispersion (SCD) groups were compared in terms of pregnancy outcome;the positive pregnancy rate was found to be above in the normal SCD groups (p = 0.0005). In addition, Aniline Blue Stain (ABS) groups were compared in the terms of pregnancy outcome;the positive pregnancy rate was found to be higher in the normal ABS group (p = 0.017). Conclusion: Our study showed that the use of DNA fragmentation (SCD) and sperm maturation tests (ABS) together with routine semen analysis in intrauterine insemination cases will make a significant contribution to the prediction of Intrauterine Insemination (IUI) increased results. So, these results indicate a defect in the effect of DNA fragmentation on the outcome of intrauterine insemination.

An internal circulation iron-carbon micro-electrolysis reactor for aniline wastewater treatment:Parameter optimization,degradation pathways and mechanism

Aniline is a vital industrial raw material.However,highly-toxic aniline wastewater usually deteriorated effluent quality,posed a threat to human health and ecosystem safety.Therefore,this study reported a novel internal circulation iron-carbon micro-electrolysis(ICE)reactor to treat aniline wastewater.The effects of reaction time,pH,aeration rate and iron-carbon(Fe/C)ratio on the removal rate of aniline and the chemical oxygen demand were investigated using single-factor experiments.This process exhibited high aniline degradation performance of approximately 99.86% under optimal operating conditions(reaction time=20 min,pH=3,aeration rate=0.5 m3·h^(-1),and Fe/C=1:2).Based on the experimental results,the response surface method was applied to optimize the aniline removal rate.The Box–Behnken method was used to obtain the interaction effects of three main factors.The result showed that the reaction time had a dominant effect on the removal rate of aniline.The highest aniline removal rate was obtained at pH of 2,aeration rate of 0.5 m^(3)·h^(-1)and reaction time of 30 min.Under optional experimental conditions,the aniline content of effluent was reduced to 3 mg·L^(-1)and the removal rate was as high as 98.24%,within the 95% confidence interval(97.84%-99.32%)of the predicted values.The solution was treated and the reaction intermediates were identified by high-performance liquid chromatography,ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy,Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy,gas chromatography-mass spectrometry,and ion chromatography.The main intermediates were phenol,benzoquinone,and carboxylic acid.These were used to propose the potential mechanism of aniline degradation in the ICE reactor.The results obtained in this study provide optimized conditions for the treatment of industrial wastewater containing aniline and can strengthen the understanding of the degradation mechanism of iron-carbon micro-electrolysis.

加速老化的无铬鞣革中游离苯胺的FIA-UV法分析

采用流动注射分析-紫外光谱法(FIA-UV),基于苯胺与亚硝酸盐在酸性条件下发生的重氮化反应及其在碱性条件下的偶合显色反应,实现苯胺的有效检测.通过实验参数的优化,确定495 nm为最大吸收波长,建立了苯胺质量浓度在0.002~2.0 mg/L范围内与峰高具有良好线性关系的模型(R^(2)=0.9997),检出限为1.62μg/L,重复性(RSD)为0.71%.该方法在加速老化后皮革萃取液中的应用表现出97.8%~103.8%的加标回收率,相较国标法具有更优的抗干扰能力和更高的检测精度.成功建立的苯胺检测新方法,为无铬鞣革产品的质量控制及环境监测提供了重要的技术支持,有助于提高公共健康和环境保护水平.

电化学方法下的聚β-环糊精吸附苯胺特征

聚β-环糊精(聚β-CD)是通过电化学合成法制备的一形状类似β-环糊精(β-CD)锥筒型的β-环糊精聚合物。苯胺是一种危害较大的环境污染物之一,聚β-CD包合吸附苯胺(An)的机制研究对今后聚β-CD去除苯胺具有重要的意义。在298.15~323.15 K的温度范围内,以电聚合法合成的聚β-CD/聚苯胺(PANI)复合材料的荷电量为吸附量,通过6种吸附等温模型(Langmuir、Freundlich、Langmuir-Freundlich、Temkin、Henry和BET)和4种动力学方程(准一级动力学、准二级动力学、颗粒内扩散及Elovich方程)的拟合,考察了聚β-CD包合吸附苯胺过程中的等温模型及其吸附动力学特征。结果显示,在此温度范围内,Langmuir-Freundlich、Temkin等温吸附模型适合描述聚环糊精对苯胺的包合吸附,说明聚β-CD包合苯胺是单分子层与多分子层吸附共存,且其吸附热与温度呈线性关系,吸附热随表面覆盖率增加而下降;准一级动力学模型更适合模拟聚β-CD包合吸附苯胺的反应过程,表明聚β-CD包合吸附苯胺以物理吸附为主,因此聚β-CD可以应用于苯胺的去除。

卤代硝基苯高选择性加氢催化剂研究进展

综述了近年来卤代硝基苯液相催化加氢非均相催化剂的研究进展,包括贵金属催化剂和非贵金属催化剂,并对其抑制脱卤的机理进行了阐述,最后对未来卤代硝基苯催化加氢催化剂的研究进行了展望。

过渡金属催化卤代芳烃合成苯胺类化合物的研究进展

苯胺类化合物是一种重要的有机中间体和基本化工原料,广泛应用于医药、农药、染料和功能材料等研究领域。发展高效、绿色的合成苯胺类化合物一直是备受关注的研究热点之一。过去数十年,过渡金属催化卤代芳烃合成苯胺类化合物的研究由于具有底物适用广泛、官能团兼容性好及高的反应选择性等优点,引起了化学家的研究兴趣与关注。本文综述了过渡金属催化卤代芳烃合成苯胺类化合物的研究进展,主要内容包括:(1)钯催化卤代芳烃合成苯胺类化合物;(2)铜催化卤代芳烃合成苯胺类化合物;(3)镍催化卤代芳烃合成苯胺类化合物。

氮掺杂碳材料MG-T多相催化硝基苯加氢制苯胺

苯胺作为重要的化学中间体,主要通过催化硝基苯加氢反应制备.本文利用三聚氰胺和三聚氰酸制备牺牲模板MCA,以葡萄糖为碳源,合成了前驱体MG,再经高温碳化得到氮掺杂碳材料MG-T(T/℃,表示碳化温度),用于多相催化硝基苯加氢制苯胺反应.结合材料表征和催化评价结果初步探讨了反应机理.实验结果表明,碳化温度影响MG-T中氮物种构型的变化,石墨氮对催化剂的加氢活性起到关键作用.催化剂MG-800在水合肼作还原剂的乙醇溶剂中于80℃反应4h,硝基苯转化率为96%,产物选择性为100%,催化剂可循环使用至少9次,具有良好的稳定性和循环性,是一类可循环使用的硝基苯加氢制苯胺多相催化剂.

苯胺类废水处理技术的研究进展

概述了苯胺的结构,苯胺的物理与化学性质,详述了关于苯胺类废水的物理、化学、生物处理方法,扩展了苯胺类废水的耦合处理法。同时展望了苯胺类废水处理技术的前景,提出了对于苯胺类废水处理技术的新思路。

酰胺和咪唑基离子液体双极性基团共嵌入式亲水C18硅胶固定相的制备与应用

利用分步键合法制备了酰胺和咪唑基离子液体双极性基团共嵌入的十八烷基修饰硅胶色谱固定相,并通过离子交换制备了2种具有不同阴离子配位的固定相(Sil-IL-AMC18-Cl和Sil-IL-AMC18-Tf2N).采用红外光谱和元素分析对2种固定相进行了表征,发现红外光谱中均在1460和661 cm^(-1)处出现了咪唑环上C=C的伸缩振动峰和C=N的弯曲振动峰,在2927和2856 cm^(-1)处出现了─CH的不对称和对称伸缩振动峰,证明氨基咪唑离子液体键合成功;而原有919 cm^(-1)处的伯胺N─H面外变形振动峰消失,说明十八烷基酰氯与氨基已键合.元素分析结果表明,Sil-IL-AMC18-Cl的氮元素含量为3.07%,碳元素含量为16.73%,氢元素含量为3.07%,Sil-IL-AMC18-Tf2N的氮元素含量为2.88%,碳元素含量为15.98%,氢元素含量为2.95%,说明确已制得Sil-ILAMC18-Cl和Sil-IL-AMC18-Tf2N色谱固定相.考察了2种固定相的色谱分离模式与分离性能,结果表明:(1)在反相色谱模式(RPLC)下,相较于商品化C18色谱柱,两种固定相均具有更高的柱效;(2)由于具有双极性基团,相较于传统亲水改性C18硅胶固定相具有更强的亲水能力,因此可以实现亲水色谱模式(HILIC);(3)在反相/亲水(RPLC/HILIC)混合色谱模式下,可同时分离亲水性和疏水性物质.通过考察发现,Sil-IL-AMC18-Cl固定相比Sil-IL-AMC18-Tf2N固定相有更强的亲水性能,因此在HILIC色谱模式下将Sil-IL-AMC18-Cl固定相应用于8种碱基核苷类物质的分离,可实现该类强亲水性物质的基线分离,进样重复性RSD=0.03%~0.25%(n=9);在RPLC色谱模式下将Sil-IL-AMC18-Tf2N固定相应用于6种苯胺类物质的分离,不仅可以实现基线分离,而且可明显改善苯胺类物质的峰拖尾现象,进样重复性RSD=0.05%~0.10%(n=9).

22.4%氟唑菌苯胺种子处理悬浮剂对水稻病害的田间防治效果

为明确22.4%氟唑菌苯胺种子处理悬浮剂防治水稻恶苗病、立枯病、纹枯病的田间药效,确定最佳使用剂量和安全性。以22.4%氟唑菌苯胺种子处理悬浮剂用量分别为8、10、12 mL·kg^(-1)和对照药剂3.5%咯菌精甲霜悬浮剂制剂用量4 mL·kg^(-1),进行田间药效对比试验。结果表明,22.4%氟唑菌苯胺种子处理悬浮剂对水稻恶苗病的田间防治效果为80.55%~92.21%,对水稻立枯病的田间防治效果为82.25%~90.11%,对水稻纹枯病的田间防治效果为78.70%~90.77%,增产率为41.25%~55.12%,均显著优于对照药剂3.5%咯菌精甲霜悬浮剂,且对水稻出苗和生长安全、具有显著的促进生长作用。综上所述,22.4%氟唑菌苯胺种子处理悬浮剂拌种防治水稻病害具有较好的效果,生产上建议制剂用量为8~12 mL·kg^(-1),有效成分用量为1.79~2.69 mL·kg^(-1)。

Dietary Green Tea Extract and Antioxidants Improve Insulin Secretory Functions of Pancreatic β-Cells in Mild and Severe Experimental Rodent Model of Chronic Pancreatitis

Chronic pancreatitis (CP) is a progressive inflammatory disorder of the pancreas. It is predominantly idiopathic (with an unknown cause) in India and mostly due to alcohol in the West. Diabetes that occur secondary to chronic pancreatitis (T3c Diabetes) is often brittle, and is difficult to attain normoglycemia with conventional treatment requiring multiple doses of insulin. Mild and severe model of CP was induced in mice by repeated intraperitoneal injections of cerulein and L-arginine respectively with an intent to study islet dysfunction and develop therapeutic strategy in animal models of CP. Dietary intervention of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) was tested in both the models of CP for its beneficial effects on insulin secretory functions. Pancreata collected upon euthanasia were used to study alterations in the morphology of pancreatic parenchyma and inflammation by staining with H&E and fibrotic changes by Masson’s trichrome and picrosirius staining. Insulin secretory functions of islets were evaluated to test the efficacy of the dietary intervention on β-cell functions. Intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test was performed to monitor the glucose homeostasis before and after the dietary intervention. Both the models resulted in CP with dispersed acini, inflammation and fibrosis. The loss of acini and extent of fibrosis was more in L-arginine model. 2-fold improvement in glucose-stimulated insulin secretory functions of islets was observed with 0.5% EGCG dietary intervention in cerulein model of CP and 1.6-fold in L-arginine model of CP. A further improvement in insulin secretion by 3.2-fold was observed with additional dietary supplements like N-acetyl cysteine, curcumin in combination with EGCG. Our results thus demonstrate and highlight the therapeutic potential of dietary green tea (EGCG) supplementation in reversing islet dysfunction and improving glucose homeostasis in experimental chronic pancreatitis in mice.

反硝化菌种在硝基苯类和苯胺类废水中的应用

在硝基苯类、苯胺类废水处理过程中,污水处理生化系统使用反硝化菌种,可以提高生化系统的反硝化速率,达到提高总氮去除量的目的。结果表明,当生化系统受到高浓总氮污水冲击时,通过投加反硝化菌种以及调整相关工艺,14 d左右即可将出水总氮由约450 mg/L降至200 mg/L以下,达到客户的要求。

供-受体环丙烷二酯与苯胺的开环反应

γ-氨基丁酸是许多具有生物活性的化合物的重要结构单元,发展新颖简单的合成这类化合物的方法来具有重要意义。本文以供-受体环丙烷二酯和苯胺为原料,Yb(OTf)_(3)为催化剂,四氢呋喃(THF)为溶剂,30℃下反应4.5 h,以67%~93%收率合成了17个γ-芳氨基-γ-苯基丁酸酯。该合成方法具有反应条件温和和底物普适性广的优点,可用于γ-芳氨基-γ-苯基丁酸酯类化合物的便捷合成。

气相色谱-质谱法同时测定地表水中6种苯胺类化合物

本文采用固相萃取柱对水样进行富集前处理,建立了气相色谱-质谱法同时测定地表水中苯胺、2-氯苯胺、3-氯苯胺、4-氯苯胺、4-溴苯胺和3-硝基苯胺残留的方法。6种苯胺类化合物在3.00~200μg·L^(-1)浓度范围内线性关系良好,水样的加标回收率为87.1%~104.3%,相对标准偏差为1.9%~4.2%。本方法操作简便,灵敏度和准确度高,检出限低,满足水中多种苯胺类化合物残留的分析。