Comprehensive Techniques for Improving the Utilization Rate of Sows in Large-scale Pig Farms

The main task of sows is to breed piglets. The reproductive performance of sows is different due to different techniques adopted in the production of pig farms, which determines the utilization rate of sows and the number of sows in the pig farms. The article analyzed the reproductive performance of sows from the technical point of view, so that the utilization rate of sows can be paid enough attention in the production of pig farms.It is suggested that the technical training should be strengthened in pig farms to improve the corresponding technical level. Meanwhile, pig farms should make the full use of reproductive performance of sows to obtain the maximum economic benefit.

Impact of index admission cholecystectomy vs interval cholecystectomy on readmission rate in acute cholangitis: National Readmission Database survey

BACKGROUND Elective cholecystectomy(CCY)is recommended for patients with gallstone-related acute cholangitis(AC)following endoscopic decompression to prevent recurrent biliary events.However,the optimal timing and implications of CCY remain unclear.AIM To examine the impact of same-admission CCY compared to interval CCY on patients with gallstone-related AC using the National Readmission Database(NRD).METHODS We queried the NRD to identify all gallstone-related AC hospitalizations in adult patients with and without the same admission CCY between 2016 and 2020.Our primary outcome was all-cause 30-d readmission rates,and secondary outcomes included in-hospital mortality,length of stay(LOS),and hospitalization cost.RESULTS Among the 124964 gallstone-related AC hospitalizations,only 14.67%underwent the same admission CCY.The all-cause 30-d readmissions in the same admission CCY group were almost half that of the non-CCY group(5.56%vs 11.50%).Patients in the same admission CCY group had a longer mean LOS and higher hospitalization costs attrib-utable to surgery.Although the most common reason for readmission was sepsis in both groups,the second most common reason was AC in the interval CCY group.CONCLUSION Our study suggests that patients with gallstone-related AC who do not undergo the same admission CCY have twice the risk of readmission compared to those who undergo CCY during the same admission.These readmis-sions can potentially be prevented by performing same-admission CCY in appropriate patients,which may reduce subsequent hospitalization costs secondary to readmissions.

Study on the Relationships between Utilization Ratios and Conversion Rates of Nitrogen,Phosphorus and Potassium for Wheat

This paper studied the relationships between utilization ratios and conversion rates of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium for wheat by data mining method based on data of"3414 fertilizer field trials"of wheat by published papers from national soil testing and recommendation since 2005.The results and conclusions were as follows:①the conceptual model of fertilizer utilization ratio of wheat for plot was that,Y N≈a+b×optimum nitrogen application amount+c×optimum fertilizer amount of K+d×rainfall in growth season,Y P≈a+b×optimum fertilizer amount of K+c×rainfall in growth season,Y K≈a+b×temperature in growth season+c×rainfall in growth season-d×optimum yield-e×optimum nitrogen application amount,respectively.②Fertilizer utilization ratio and nutrient conversion rate had 4 kinds of relationships.No significant relationships:13,of which 8 were soil nutrients,the results showed that soil nutrients had little effect on nutrient conversion rate and fertilizer utilization ratio;consistent significant relationships:4,they were all nitrogen and phosphorus,explaining the importance of nitrogen and phosphorus;contrary significant relationships:6,they were all nitrogen and phosphorus,illustrating that phosphorus and nitrogen had inhibitory effect;complementary significant relationships:31,the cause of the complementary phenomenon was that the fertilizer utilization ratio was the measuring index of fertilizer efficiency in one season,while the nutrient conversion rate was the measuring index of fertilizer efficiency in more seasons.It showed that the fertilizer utilization rate was significantly correlated,or the nutrient conversion rate was significantly correlated.

Study on the Relationships between Utilization Ratios and Conversion Rates of Nitrogen,Phosphorus and Potassium for Maize

This paper studied the relationships between utilization ratios and conversion rates of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium for maize by data mining method based on data of"3414 fertilizer field trials"of maize by published papers from national soil testing and recommendation since 2005.The results and conclusions were as follows:①the conceptual model of fertilizer utilization ratio of maize for plot was that,Y N≈a+b×optimum yield,Y P≈a+b×optimum yield-c×optimum nitrogen application amount-d×optimum potassium application amount,Y K≈a-b×optimum nitrogen application amount-c×temperature in growth season-d×rainfall in growth season,respectively.②Fertilizer utilization ratio and nutrient conversion rate had 4 kinds of relationships.No significant relationships:22,of which 16 were soil nutrients and 5 were environmental factors,the results showed that soil nutrients and environmental factors had little effect on nutrient conversion rate and fertilizer utilization ratio;consistent significant relationships:14,illustrating that conversion rate and utilization ratio of maize were consistent in most cases,and it was because that maize was planted for a long term,and its fertilizer absorption law was basically stable;contrary significant relationships:0,illustrating that there was no reverse relationship between conversion rate and utilization ratio of maize;complementary significant relationships:18,the cause of the complementary phenomenon was that the fertilizer utilization ratio was the measuring index of fertilizer efficiency in one season,while the nutrient conversion rate was the measuring index of fertilizer efficiency in more seasons.It showed that the fertilizer utilization ratio was significantly correlated,or the nutrient conversion rate was significantly correlated.

Study on the Relationship between Utilization Ratios and Conversion Rates of Nitrogen,Phosphorus and Potassium for Rice

This paper studied the relationships between utilization ratios and conversion rates of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium for rice by data mining method based on data of"3414 fertilizer field trials"of rice by published papers from national soil testing and recommendation since 2005.The results and conclusions were as follows:①the conceptual model of fertilizer utilization ratio of rice for plot was that,Y N≈a+b×optimum yield+c×optimum fertilizer amount of K,Y P≈a+b×optimum yield,Y K≈a respectively.②Fertilizer utilization ratio and nutrient conversion rate had 4 kinds of relationships:①no significant relationships:25,of which 14 were soil nutrients and 9 were environmental factors,the results showed that soil nutrients and environmental factors had little effect on nutrient yield ratio and fertilizer utilization ratio;②consistent significant relationships:2,one was that yield ratio and utilization ratio of N were positively correlated with the optimum production,explaining the importance of N for production,the other was that yield ratio and utilization ratio of P had a significantly positive correlation with conversion rate and utilization ratio of N,illustrating that nitrogen and phosphorus had mutual promotion;③contrary significant relationships:5,these showed as negative correlations of fertilizer utilization ratio and positive correlation of nutrient conversion ratio;④complementary significant relationships:22,the cause of the complementary phenomenon was that the fertilizer utilization ratio was the index of fertilizer efficiency in one season,while the nutrient conversion rate was the index of fertilizer efficiency in more seasons,which showed that the fertilizer utilization rate was significantly correlated,or the nutrient conversion rate was significantly correlated.

Study on the Nitrogen Release Law of Bamboo Charcoal-coated Urea and Its Biological Utilization Effects

[Objective] The study about the nitrogen releasing law of bamboo-charcoal coated urea and the biologic utilization effect was to find the coated urea with high efficiency,low price and simple production technology.[Method]Two kinds of bamboo-charcoal coated urea(BCCU)with different coating thickness were made by using bamboo-charcoal and macromolecule polymer as coating material.The experiments of soil eluviate,ammonia volatilization in corn field and potted plant of corn were conducted to study the nitrogen releasing law and the biologic utilization effect of self-made BCCU.[Result]The BCCU showed some slow-release capability and their accumulated nitrogen releasing rates in 29 d were 9.93%-16.27% lower than that of normal urea.Compared with the normal urea,the volatilization rate of ammonia in BCCU reduced to 16.66%-31.8%,the biomass of corn and nitrogen utilization rate increased by 12.8%-24.1% and 10.5%-16.99%,respectively.[Conclusion]Bamboo-charcoal in coated urea not only had some slow-release capability,but also had some adsorbability,which would reduce the eluviation and volatilization of nitrogen and protect environment from N pollution.

Ammonia Volatilization and Nitrogen Utilization Efficiency in Response to Urea Application in Rice Fields of the Taihu Lake Region,China

Ammonia volatilization losses, nitrogen utilization efficiency, and rice yields in response to urea application to a rice field were investigated in Wangzhuang Town, Changshu City, Jiangsu Province, China. The N fertilizer treatments, applied in triplicate, were 0 （control）, 100, 200, 300, or 350 kg N ha^-1. After urea was applied to the surface water, a continuous airflow enclosure method was used to measure ammonia volatilization in the paddy field. Total N losses through ammonia volatilization generally increased with the N application rate, and the two higher N application rates （300 and 350 kg N ha^-1） showed a higher ratio of N lost through ammonia volatilization to applied N. Total ammonia loss by ammonia volatilization during the entire rice growth stage ranged from 9.0% to 16.7% of the applied N. Increasing the application rate generally decreased the ratio of N in the seed to N in the plant. For all N treatments, the nitrogen fertilizer utilization efficiency ranged from 30.9% to 45.9%. Surplus N with the highest N rate resulted in lodging of rice plants, a decreased rate of nitrogen fertilizer utilization, and reduced rice yields. Calculated from this experiment, the most economical N fertilizer application rate was 227 kg ha^-1 for the type of paddy soil in the Taihu Lake region. However, recommending an appropriate N fertilizer application rate such that the plant growth is enhanced and ammonia loss is reduced could improve the N utilization efficiency of rice.

Improving energy utilization efficiency of electrical discharge milling in titanium alloys machining

Electrical discharge milling(ED-milling) can be a good choice for titanium alloys machining and it was proven that its machining efficiency can be improved to compete with mechanical cutting. In order to improve energy utilization efficiency of ED-milling process, unstable arc discharge and stable arc discharge combined with normal discharge were implemented for material removal by adjusting servo control strategy. The influence of electrode rotating speed and dielectric flushing pressure on machining performance was investigated by experiments. It was found that the rotating of electrode could move the position of discharge plasma channel, and high pressure flushing could wash melted debris out the discharge gap effectively. Both electrode rotating motion and high pressure flushing are contributed to the improvement of machining efficiency.

Effects of Increased Planting Density with ReducedNitrogen Application on Yield Formation and NitrogenUtilization of Autumn Maize

With the change of cropping system in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River,the planting area of autumn maize is gradually increasing.However,the cultivation techniques are still under improvement for higher yield and nitrogen efficiency of autumn maize.Increase in planting density with reduced nitrogen fertilizer application is one of the important paths to achieve high yield and high nitrogen utilization efficiency.Meanwhile,the effect needs to be verified for autumn maize.The semi-compact autumn maize variety Qinyu 58 was planted under different planting densities and nitrogen fertilizer amounts with the split plot design.Different nitrogen application rates were arranged in the main plots,including the conventional nitrogen application(N300,300 kg/hm^2),30%reduction from the conventional treatment(N210,210 kg/hm^2)and no nitrogen application(N0).Different planting densities were arranged in the sub-split plots,including the conventional planting density(D60,60000 plants/hm2),medium density(D78,78000 plants/hm^2)and high density(D93,93000 plants/hm2).The effects of nitrogen fertilizer,planting density and their interaction effects on canopy structure,dry matter accumulation,yield and nitrogen use efficiency of autumn maize were studied.The nitrogen application rate and planting density had obvious interaction effects on the yield formation of autumn maize.Compared with the conventional cultivation(N300D60),increasing the planting density with 30%reduction in nitrogen application(N210)can obviously increase the canopy light interception rate,LAI,dry matter accumulation and yield.However,there was no significant change in canopy light interception rate,LAI,dry matter accumulation,grain weight and yield between D93 and D78.Compared with N300D60,nitrogen translocation efficiency and nitrogen contribution proportion to grain nitrogen did not change significantly in autumn maize grown under N210 and D78 treatments,whereas nitrogen partial productivity,nitrogen agronomic efficiency and recovery and utilization efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer increased significantly.Moreover,high density(D93)planting at N210 plots significantly improved nitrogen transport efficiency and utilization efficiency in autumn maize.Therefore,the suitable planting density of the autumn maize variety Qinyu 58 in Hubei Province is recommended a value of 78000 plants/hm^2,with the nitrogen application rate of 210 kg/hm2,which can achieve the target of higher yield by increasing density and reducing nitrogen.

New technique of comprehensive utilization of spent Al_2O_3-based catalyst

A new technology was developed to recover multiple valuable elements from the spent Al2O3-based catalyst by X-ray phase analysis and exploratory experiments. The experimental results show that in the condition of roasting temperature of 750℃ and roasting time of 30 min, molar ratio of Na2O to Al2O3 of 1.2, the leaching rates of alumina, vanadium and molybdenum in the spent catalyst are 97.2%, 95.8% and 98.9%, respectively. Vanadium and molybdenum in sodium aluminate solution can be recovered by precipitators A and B, and the precipitation rates of vanadium and molybdenum are 94.8% and 92.6%. Al（OH）3 was prepared from sodium aluminate solution in the carbonation decomposition process, and the purity of Al2O3 is 99.9% after calcination, the recovery of alumina reaches 90.6% in the whole process; the Ni-Co concentrate was leached by sulfuric acid, a nickel recovery of 98.2% and cobalt recovery over 98.5% can be obtained under the experimental condition of 30% H2SO4, 80℃, reaction time 4 h, mass ratio of liquid to solid 8, stirring rate 800r/min.

Effects of Different Nitrogen Levels on Growth and Nitrogen Utilization of Sugarcane

[Objectives]To systematically study the effects of different nitrogen levels on the growth and nitrogen utilization of sugarcane in Guangxi.[Methods]Through field experiment and indoor analysis,different nitrogen application levels were set up to determine soil nitrogen content and sugarcane nitrogen content.The effects of different nitrogen levels on sugarcane yield,agronomic characters and nitrogen utilization were studied.[Results]The effect of nitrogen application rate on sugarcane yield showed a quadratic curve,and nitrogen application could significantly increase sugarcane yield,and the sugarcane yield reached the maximum when the nitrogen application rate reached 714 kg/ha.[Conclusions]With the increase of nitrogen application rate,sugarcane yield increased,but when it exceeded a certain range,the sugarcane yield decreased significantly.

A Cross-Sectional Study of Utilization of Green Building Rating Tools by Selected Professionals in the Zambian Building Industry

Green building rating tools used for planning and assessing the impact of buildings on the environment are continually revised in line with user needs. The appropriateness of tools for the Zambian building industry depends on whether the tools adequately meet minimum green buildings standards and the country’s environmental aspirations. The utilization of green building rating tools is important if Zambia is to achieve the real benefits of green buildings, however very little is known about the levels of utilization in Zambia. A cross-sectional study of 115 professionals from the building industry in Zambia was undertaken using a sequential mixed method approach, to investigate the level of utilization, preferred criteria and, the barriers and drivers to the utilization of tools. The significance of the study was that it demonstrated the association between utilization of green building rating tools and environmental, technological, economic, and social green buildings practices by selected professionals in the Zambian building industry. There is a need to use materials and practices that are locally based and promote the local economy. The technical needs were met in tools, that were considered easy to use, interesting and comprehensive. Some of the green building rating tools were considered unsuitable due to the absence of appropriate criteria and the main economic challenge was the high cost of certification. The association was significant between utilization and those involved in a variety of projects than those who were involved in only residential buildings. Barriers to utilization were a lack of government regulations on green buildings designs and the high cost of certification. The drivers were environmental benefits, the interest of developers in green buildings, and having technical skills. The study recommends a review of the current building regulations to include green buildings practices and materials and adaptation of appropriate rating tools.

基于多维空间的航路利用率

航路利用率表征了空域中航路的利用情况,通过计算航路利用率可以实现对空域资源进行更合理、高效的利用。为了更加准确地计算给定时间段内固定航路的利用率,通过构建抽象的三维空间,提出了一种基于多维空间的航路利用率计算方法。在考虑时间和空间两个角度之间的相互联系有了突破,从时间、航路、高度层三个维度建立航路时空利用率计算模型计算航路时空利用率,结合航路容量利用率,从时间、空间、容量三个角度出发,建立了航路利用率计算模型。最后通过算例分析计算得到某一空域四条航路的利用率。

施氮量对优质稻G优325氮肥利用率和产量的影响

【目的】探明优质杂交籼稻新品种G优325的适宜施氮量。【方法】设5个施氮量处理(0、60、120、180和240 kg/hm^(2),分别记为N0、N60、N120、N180和N240)进行田间试验,研究不同施氮量对G优325主要生育时期茎糵数、干物质积累与转运能力、氮肥吸收利用率和产量及其构成因素的影响。【结果】适当增加施氮量能显著提高G优325的产量,且在N180处理下产量最高。施氮量对产量构成因素、茎蘖数和干物质积累总量影响显著,随着施氮量增加,G优325成熟期的有效穗数、每穗总粒数和干物质积累总量均表现为先增加后降低的趋势,且有效穗数和干物质积累总量均在N180处理达到最高值,而每穗粒数在N120处理最多。随着施氮量增加,抽穗前后的干物质积累向籽粒的转运量均表现为处理N180>N240>N120>N60>N0;拔节期、抽穗期和成熟期的氮素积累总量均表现为先增加后降低的趋势,且均在N180处理下最高;氮素干物质生产效率、氮素稻谷生产效率、氮素收获指数、氮肥吸收利用率、氮肥农学利用率、氮肥偏生产力和氮素生理利用率均表现为处理N0>N60>N120>N180>N240。【结论】适宜提高施氮量(180 kg/hm^(2)),可协同实现优质杂交籼稻新品种G优325高产与较高氮肥利用效率。

应用PDCA循环降低儿科住院患者抗菌药物使用率及使用强度

目的:探讨PDCA循环在降低儿科住院患者抗菌药物使用率及使用强度中的作用。方法:2022年1-6月我院儿科住院患者抗菌药物使用率及使用强度均未达标,使用PDCA循环方法进行干预,分析干预后(2022年7-12月)儿科住院患者抗菌药物使用率及使用强度达标情况。结果:应用PDCA循环管理后,我院儿科住院患者抗菌药物使用率及使用强度逐月下降,2022年9-12月稳定控制在医院标准内。结论:将PDCA循环管理用于我院儿科住院患者抗菌药物使用质量控制,对降低儿科住院患者抗菌药物使用率及使用强度效果显著。

以^(15)N示踪技术分析叶面施氮对花生氮素吸收、分配及利用率的影响

叶面追肥是现代农业作物丰产栽培常用田管技术。为探明叶面施氮次数与浓度对花生氮素吸收积累、运转分配及利用率影响,揭示叶面追氮对植株不同器官建成和功能维持的营养机制,试验设5个处理:T0为对照;T1尿素浓度1%,收获前35d追施1次;T2尿素浓度3%,追施时间同T1;T3尿素浓度1%,收获前50 d、35 d和20 d追施3次;T4尿素浓度3%,追施时间同T3。氮肥用^(15)N标记尿素和普通尿素。结果表明:(1)叶面施氮植株氮含量提高0~0.22个百分点,且有T4>T3>T2>T1,其中营养体(根、茎、叶)增幅较大,比对照提高0.17~0.45个百分点,生殖体含量(果针、果壳、籽仁)增幅较少;施氮处理植株氮积累量提高平均19.8%,其中营养体平均增42.1%,生殖体平均增长12.7%。(2)叶面追施的氮在不同器官的分配比例存在较大差异,籽仁>叶>茎>果壳>果针>根,其中籽仁、叶各约占60%和30%,其余器官比例较少;追施时间对氮素分配有一定影响,收获前35 d追施更有利向生殖体分配,比收获前50 d和20 d两处理平均高7.9个百分点。(3)植株氮素效率随叶面施氮数量的增加而降低;施氮次数少或氮肥浓度低肥料利用率高,1次追施氮肥利用率平均70.6%,比3次追施平均高37.7个百分点;不同追施时间比较,收获前35 d追施氮肥利用率最高,较收获前50 d和20 d两处理的平均值分别高1.8和3.9个百分点。综上,叶面施氮可显著提高植株氮代谢水平,促进氮素吸收、积累,营养体尤为明显,是花生生育后期“护根保叶”生理机制和根系氮源难以取代的技术措施;叶面追施的氮主要分配在荚果和叶片中,是花生提高产量和叶片光合作用的生理机制;叶面追氮肥料利用率明显高于根系施肥,是花生经济施肥的有效途径;植株氮效率随叶面施氮数量的增加而降低,追施次数少或氮肥浓度低肥料利用率高。本研究可为花生叶面施肥提供理论依据和技术支撑。

以提升原产地规则利用率释放RCEP更大红利

对RCEP生效以来各成员原产地规则利用率的情况进行综合分析发现,RCEP成员中除日韩较高,中国、东盟等均有待进一步提升。各成员国RCEP原产地利用率总体偏低的主要原因,是企业利用RCEP原产地规则不完全、不充分,RCEP关税优惠程度及条款竞争力有待提升,RCEP规则实施机制尚不完善,RCEP优势未得到全面释放等。应以企业为主体有效提升RCEP原产地规则利用率,推动RCEP规则升级,提升RCEP条款对企业的吸引力,完善RCEP实施机制,强化规则利用的制度保障。

基于模糊策略的水肥一体机控制可行性分析

为进一步提高我国农业水肥一体机的综合作业效率,实现用水量与施肥量的混合浓度最优配置,以模糊策略为设计基点,针对整机控制展开可行性分析研究。以整机作业架构组成为基础,考虑灌溉施肥同步过程的水肥动态平衡,搭建正确的模糊策略模型,进行系统的软件设计与硬件匹配。通过升级型水肥一体机实施灌施作业的效果验证,结果表明:基于模糊策略的水肥一体机控制系统整体试验过程顺畅,灌施的肥液均匀度可相对提升8.77%,系统对于各监测参数的响应度与稳定性均保持在90%以上,验证了设计的可行性;试验中节水率和肥料利用率分别较模糊策略应用前提升至91.70%和93.15%,整体灌施效率良好,说明了此模糊策略应用设计的优越性。研究结果对于实现水肥一体装备的智能控制水平向纵深提升具有很好的参考价值。

两种商品化培养液的辅助生殖结局比较

目的探讨不同商品化培养液对体外培养胚胎的临床结局和出生结局的影响。方法回顾性分析2020年1月至2021年10月符合纳入标准的1540个取卵周期的患者临床资料,根据使用不同商品化培养液进行分组,其中Vitrolife组有831个周期,Cook组有709个周期,比较分析两组的体外胚胎发育情况和临床结局。结果Cook组的D3优质胚胎率(69.63%vs.67.54%)、囊胚形成率(53.47%vs.49.01%)、可利用囊胚形成率(46.72%vs.42.70%)和D5可利用囊胚形成率(35.03%vs.30.32%)均高于Vitrolife组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组之间的其余体外胚胎发育情况、临床结局和新生儿出生结局比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论本研究提示在常规体外受精和胚胎移植周期中,培养液可能影响体外培养胚胎的优质胚胎和囊胚的形成。

基于高度层与飞机类型的航路利用率研究

航路利用率表征了空域中航路的利用情况.为了更加准确地计算航路的利用率,针对在航路上不同的高度层对不同类型的飞机具有不同的适用性问题,根据不同高度层和飞机类型的组合情况,从时间、空间、容量三个角度建立了一种基于高度层与飞机类型的航路利用率计算模型.在考虑航路利用率的多维影响因素方面有了突破,通过算例分析计算得到某四条航路的利用率.