Br?nsted acidic ionic liquid catalyzed synthesis of benzo[a]carbazole from renewable acetol and 2-phenylindoles in a biphasic system

An efficient metal-free strategy for the synthesis of pharmaceutically relevant benzo[α]carbazoles from the derivatives of readily available 2-phenylindole and bio-renewable acetol in an aqueous biphasic system was developed. This protocol employed a sulfone-containing Bronsted acidic ionic liquid as the catalyst, which could be used for five times without a noticeable decrease in its activity and selectivity. Various substituted 2-phenylindoles and α-hydroxyketones participated in the reaction smoothly, with water as the sole byproduct. Mechanistically, the reaction involved the conventional carbon-nucleophile-induced Heyns-type rearrangement and downstream intramolecular olefination.

Heat of absorption of CO_2 in aqueous N,N-diethylethanolamine+ N-methyl-1,3-propanediamine solutions at 313 K

Differential heat of absorption of CO_2 in aqueous solutions of N,N-diethylethanolamine(DEEA) and activated DEEA solutions up to a total concentration of 2 mol·L^(-1) was measured as a function of CO_2 loading at 313.15 K using a reaction calorimeter. In order to analyze the performance of N-methyl-1,3-propanediamine(MAPA)as an activator, DEEA blended solutions containing 0.05, 0.1 and 0.2 mol·L^(-1) MAPA were studied. The heat of CO_2 absorption in single DEEA solutions was unaffected by changing the DEEA concentration in the range of(0.5–2) mol·L^(-1). On the other hand, increasing the concentration of MAPA in aqueous amine mixtures of(DEEA + MAPA) raised the heat of absorption.

Ethylene absorption in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone/silver nano-solvent:Thermodynamics and kinetics study

The effect of presence of silver nanoparticles in pure N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone(NMP)solvent for ethylene gas absorption in an experimental pressure decaying setup has been investigated.All experiments were performed at temperatures of 278.15 K,298.15 K and 328.15 K and different pressures(up to ethylene dew point)as well as different concentrations of silver nanoparticles(0.05 g·L^(-1) and 0.1 g·L^(-1)).The kinetic data of absorption,Henry’s law constants,and heat of absorption were calculated.Comparison of the pure solvent and the nanofluids absorption results revealed that the presence of small amounts of nanoparticles could improve the absorption performance between 1.5%-18%.Finally,the effect of temperature,pressure,and nanoparticle concentration on the equilibrium results were investigated.

Excess Molar Volumes and Viscosities of Binary Mixtures of p-Xylene with Cyclohexane, n-Heptane, n-Octane, Sulfolane, N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone and Acetic Acid at 303.15 K and 323.15 K and Atmospheric Pressure

Experimental data on density and viscosity at 303.15K and 323.15K are presented for the binary mixtures of p-xylene with cyclohexane, n-heptane, n-octane, sulfolane, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone and acetic acid.From these data, the excess molar volume and deviations in viscosity have been calculated. The computed quantities have been fitted to the Redlich-Kister Equation to derive coefficients and estimate the standard error values. Results are discussed in terms of intermolecular interactions.

Dissolution and recrystallization of perovskite induced by N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone in a closed steam annealing method

High quality perovskite films with large columnar grains are greatly desired for efficient perovskite solar cells. Here, low volatility N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone(NMP) was added in MAI/IPA solution in a two-step spin-coating method, which promoted the conversion of lead iodide to perovskite. The perovskite films were annealed by a closed-steam annealing method to prolong the recrystallization process of perovskite films assisted by the residual NMP. It leaded to high quality CH_3NH_3PbI_3 perovskite films with large columnar grains due to its enhancement of the Oswald ripening. The large grain perovskite film leaded to efficient carrier transformation and injection, and low recombination. The photovoltaic performance of the perovskite solar cells was improved significantly.

Identification of coexistence of biological and non-biological aerosol particles with DAPI (4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole) stain

The fluorescent dye 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) has been widely used to stain microorganisms in various environment media. We applied DAPI fluorescence enumeration to airborne microorganisms and found that non-biological particles, including organic compounds, minerals, and soot, were also visible upon exposure to UV excitation under fluorescence microscope. Using laboratory-prepared biological particles as the control, we investigated the feasibility of identifying both biological and non-biological particles in the same sample with DAPI staining. We prepared biological (bacterial, fungi, and plant detritus) and non-biological (biochar, soot, mineral, metal, fly ash, salt) particles in the laboratory and enumerated the particles and their mixture with DAPI. We found that mineral particles were transparent, and biochar, soot, metals and fly ash particles were black under a filter set at excitation 350/50 nm and emission 460/50 nm bandpass (DAPI-BP), while biological particles were blue, as expected. Particles of the water-soluble salts NaCl and (NH_(4))_(2)SO_(4) were yellow under a filter set at excitation 340–380 nm and emission 425 nm long pass (DAPI-LP). Case studies with samples of dustfall, atmospheric aerosols and surface soils could allow for the quantification of the relative number of different types of particles and particles with organic matter or salt coating as well. Fluorescence enumeration with DAPI stain is thus able to identify the co-existence of biological and non-biological particles in the air, at least to the extent of those examined in this study.

Framework-solvent interactional mechanism and effect of NMP/DMF on solvothermal synthesis of [Zn_4O(BDC)_3]_8

In order to explore the effect mechanism of solvent on the synthesis of the metal organic framework materials, the microscopic interaction between solvent and framework and the effects of N,N-dimethyl-formamide(DMF) or N-methyl- 2-pyrrolidone(NMP) on solvothermal synthesis of [Zn4O(BDC)3]8 were investigated through a combined DFT and experimental study. XRD and SEM showed that the absorbability of NMP in the pore of [Zn4O(BDC)3]8 was weaker than that of DMF. The thermal decomposition temperature of [Zn4O(BDC)3]8 synthesized in DMF was higher than that in NMP according to TG and FT-IR. In addition, the nitrogen sorption isotherms indicated that NMP improved gas sorption property of [Zn4O(BDC)3]8. The COSMO optimized calculations indicated that the total energy of Zn4O(BDC)3 in NMP was higher than that in DMF, and compared with non-solvent system, the charge of zinc atoms decreased and the charge value was the smallest in NMP. Furthermore, the interaction of DMF, NMP or DEF in [Zn4O(BDC)3]8 crystal model was calculated by DFT method. The results suggested that NMP should be easier to be removed from pore of materials than DMF from the point of view of energy state. It can be concluded that NMP was a favorable solvent to synthesize [Zn4O(BDC)3]8 and the microscopic mechanism was that the binding force between Zn4O(BDC)3 and NMP molecule was weaker than DMF.

High-performance PVDF-HFP based gel polymer electrolyte with a safe solvent in Li metal polymer battery

Poly(vinylidenefluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene)(PVDF-HFP)based gel polymer electrolytes are widely studied owing to their electrochemical stability and high dielectric constant.However,most gel polymer electrolytes show unsatisfied safety and interface compatibility due to excessive absorption of volatile and flammable liquid solvents.Herein,by using a safe solvent(N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone)with higher boiling(203℃)and flash points(95℃),we initiatively fabricate a flexible PVDF-HFP based gel polymer electrolyte.The obtained gel polymer electrolyte demonstrates a high ionic conductivity of 7.24×10^−4 S cm−1,an electrochemical window of 5.2 V,and a high lithium transference number of 0.57.As a result,the synthesized polymer electrolyte exhibits a capacity retention of 70%after 500 cycles at 0.5 C,and a discharge capacity of 86 mAh g−1 even at a high current rate of 10 C for LiFePO4 based Li metal batteries.Moreover,a stable Li plating/stripping for more than 500 h is achieved under 0.1 mAh at both room temperature and 70℃.Our results indicate that the PVDF-HFP polymer electrolyte is promising for manufacturing safe and high-performance Li metal polymer batteries.

希茉莉(Hamelia patens Jacq.)花粉发育时期快速检测

茜草科希茉莉（Hamelia patens Jacq.）的花粉用DAPI（4’,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole）直接染色不能观察到花粉核,本研究探索出适宜在DAPI染色前处理希茉莉花粉壁的水浴加热-氧化方法,使得希茉莉花粉核能在荧光显微镜下清晰地显示出来,从而快速检测花粉所处的发育阶段。结果表明：（1）单核花粉和二核花粉最适宜的水浴加热温度和时间分别为65℃、20~50 min和55℃、20~40 min;（2）花粉发育阶段与花朵、花药长度的对应关系为：花朵0.90~1.00 cm、花药0.50~0.60 cm时对应花粉的四分体时期,花朵1.10~1.60 cm、花药0.60~0.85 cm时对应单核花粉时期,花朵1.80~2.70 cm（花冠裂片张开前）、花药0.91~1.01 cm时对应二核花粉时期。

Mouse Karyotype Obtained by Combining DAPI Staining with Image Analysis

In this study, mitotic metaphase chromosomes in mouse were identified by a new chromosome fluorescence banding technique combining DAPI staining with image analysis. Clear 4＇, 6-diamidino-2-phenylindole （DAPI） multiple bands like （J-hands could be produced in mouse. The Meta- Morph software was then used to generate linescans of pixel intensity for the banded chromosomes from short arm to long arm. These linescans were sufficient not only to identify each individual chromosome but also analyze the physical sites of bands in chromosome. Based on the results, the clear and accurate karyotype of mouse metaphase chromosomes was established. The technique is therefore considered to he a new method for cytological studies of mouse.

Effective N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone wet cleaning for fabricating highperformance monolayer MoS2 transistors

Two-dimensional semiconductors,such as MoS2 are known to be highly susceptible to diverse molecular adsorbates on the surface during fabrication,which could adversely affect device performance.To ensure high device yield,uniformity and performance,the semiconductor industry has long employed wet chemical cleaning strategies to remove undesirable surface contaminations,adsorbates,and native oxides from the surface of Si wafers.A similarly effective surface cleaning technique for two-dimensional materials has not yet been fully developed.In this study,we propose a wet chemical cleaning strategy for MoS2 by using N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone.The cleaning process not only preserves the intrinsic properties of monolayer MoS2,but also significantly improves the performance of monolayer MoS2 field-effect-transistors.Superior device on current of 12 μA·μm-1 for a channel length of 400 nm,contact resistance of 15 kΩ·μm,field-effect mobility of 15.5 cm^2·V^-1·s^-1,and the average on-off current ratio of 10^8 were successfully demonstrated.

山麻黄内生菌Myrothecium roridum LLY的化学成分及其体外细胞毒活性研究

目的研究山麻黄Ephedra equisetina内生真菌Myrothecium roridum LLY固体发酵产物的化学成分,并进行体外细胞毒活性研究。方法采用硅胶柱、Sephadex LH-20凝胶柱色谱和高效液相色谱法进行分离纯化,利用高分辨质谱、核磁共振谱等方法鉴定化合物的结构。MTT法进行化合物体外细胞毒活性筛选,并采用流式细胞术和Western blotting法进行化合物细胞毒活性机制初步研究。结果从M.roridum LLY固体发酵产物中分离得到9个化合物,分别鉴定为吩嗪-1-羧酸(1)、1-甲氧基吩嗪(2)、N-methyl-1H-indole-2-carboxamaide(3)、甲基硫赭曲菌素(4)、ditryptophenaline(5)、7,8-二甲基异咯嗪(6)、deoxyleporin B(7)、尿嘧啶(8)和胸腺嘧啶(9)。MTT测定发现,化合物3对人肝癌细胞株SMMC-7721增殖具有一定的抑制活性,其IC50值为38.0μg/m L,阳性对照顺铂的IC_(50)值为11.5μg/m L。细胞周期分析发现,化合物3可导致SMMC-7721细胞S期阻滞;Western blotting分析发现,化合物3可使SMMC-7721细胞中细胞周期负调控蛋白p27的表达上调,并且Cleaved-PARP蛋白被明显活化。结论化合物7为1个新的天然产物。化合物3能诱导SMMC-7721细胞凋亡;其对SMMC-7721细胞的增殖抑制作用与S期细胞周期阻滞相关,并受到p27蛋白的调控。

A novel family of green ionic liquids with surface activities

Ionic liquids have many unique properties as a new and remarkable class of environmental benign solvents,which promises widespread applications in industry and other areas. However,the ionic liq-uids with surface activity are rarely reported. In this work,a series of novel ionic liquids was synthe-sized by using N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone and alkyl bromide. The physical properties of this family of ionic liquids have been characterized,which shows that these compounds have ionic liquids characteristics,surface activity and biocompatibility.

Bioaerosolization behavior along sewage sludge biostabilization

Biostabilization is a cost-effective method for the beneficial utilization of sewage sludge.However,during the operation of sludge biostabilization,some microbial species could be released into the atmospheric environment from the solid-phase of sludge easily and present a high risk to human health.This study aimed to evaluate the risk of bioaerosol during sludge biostabilization.We found a total of nine bacterial phyla,one archaeal phylum,and two fungal phyla in the bioaerosol samples.Among them,Proteobacteria,Actinobacteria,Bacteroidetes,and Ascomycota were the dominant phyla.In addition,the bioaerosolization indexes(BI)of prokaryotic phyla and flingal phyla ranged 0-45 and 0-487,respectively.Mass ilia y Pseudarthrobacter,Pseudomonas,Tremellales spp.,and Fusarium were the preferentially aerosolized microbial genera with maximum bioaerosolization indexes of 19962,10360,1802,3055,and 7398.The bioaerosol concentration during the biostabilization ranged from 160 to 1440 cell/m^(3),and we identified species such as Stenotrophomonas rhizophila and Fusarium graminerum with high bioaerosolization indexes that could be threats to human health.Euryachaeota,which belongs to archaeal phyla,had the highest biostabilization index in our study.We also found that Pseudarthrobacter was the easiest to aerosolize during the sludge biostabilization process.