It has been previously argued that application of organic residues added in soils has a great impact on soil quality, grain productivity as well as greenhouse gas emissions. Substitution of chemical fertilizers has be...It has been previously argued that application of organic residues added in soils has a great impact on soil quality, grain productivity as well as greenhouse gas emissions. Substitution of chemical fertilizers has become a common practice in agricultural systems which consequently affect the greenhouse gas emissions from agricultural fields. To observe the effects of organic manures and crop residues amendments, five fertilizer treatments including conventional inorganic nitrogen fertilizer—NPK, cow manure, rice straw, poultry manure and sugarcane bagasse were applied in the field for two consecutive pre-monsoon rice seasons. Addition of rice straw, poultry manure and sugarcane bagasse decreased the cumulative N2O emissions by 14% and 31%, and by 1% and 7% and 5% and 3% in 2012 and 2013 respectively when compared with conventional fertilizer treatment (NPK) in both the seasons. Yield differences were not significant (p > 0.005) amongst the treatments, however, a slight increase was observed due to rice straw amendment over control. Soil organic carbon decreased by 11% - 17% under the application of organic residues which might have contributed to lower N2O emissions from the plots. Results of carbon equivalent emission (CEE) and carbon efficiency ratio (CER) indicated that incorporation of rice straw during pre-monsoon rice season had the potential to reduce the N2O emissions and yield scaled emissions of rice production at lower level than the conventional farmers’ practice of using chemical fertilizers (NPK).展开更多
为探明不同水土保持耕作技术对东北黑土坡耕地玉米氮素利用和温室气体排放的影响,以大田试验为基础,设置7个耕作处理:等高耕作(Transverse slope planting, TP)、垄向区田(Ridge to the district field, RF)、深松耕(Subsoiling tillage...为探明不同水土保持耕作技术对东北黑土坡耕地玉米氮素利用和温室气体排放的影响,以大田试验为基础,设置7个耕作处理:等高耕作(Transverse slope planting, TP)、垄向区田(Ridge to the district field, RF)、深松耕(Subsoiling tillage, SF)、等高耕作+深松耕(Transverse slope planting+subsoiling tillage, TP-S)、垄向区田+深松耕(Ridge to the district field+subsoiling tillage, RF-S)、等高耕作+垄向区田(Transverse slope planting+ridge to the district field, TP-R)、常规耕作(Down-slope cultivation, CK),探究水土保持耕作技术对东北黑土坡耕地土壤养分状况、温室气体排放、氮素吸收利用和产量的影响。结果表明:在玉米全生育期内,水土保持耕作处理显著提高了玉米产量、器官氮素转运率以及氮肥利用率,部分水土保持耕作措施也可以显著降低N_(2)O与CO_(2)排放。其中,玉米成熟期时,实施水土保持耕作措施的植株产量较CK处理增加3.39%~26.43%,TP-S处理提升效果最高。对于氮肥利用率,水土保持耕作技术较CK处理提高25.23%(RF处理)~76.98%(TP-S处理),提升效果显著。对于CO_(2)排放,除SF处理外,其余水土保持耕作处理均显著低于CK处理。但对于N_(2)O排放,TP处理、 TP-S处理和TP-R处理显著低于CK,而SF处理、RF处理以及RF-S处理较CK处理则明显增加。故综合来看,建议当地玉米种植采取等高耕作+深松耕的水土保持耕作技术。展开更多
通过田间试验,采用静态箱法研究不同施氮水平下控释肥和尿素(N 0、100、200、270 kg hm-2)对麦季N2O排放的影响。结果表明,与对照相比,整个小麦生长季N2O排放量均随尿素和控释肥施用量的增加呈指数增加(32%～164%,p<0.05),但控释肥...通过田间试验,采用静态箱法研究不同施氮水平下控释肥和尿素(N 0、100、200、270 kg hm-2)对麦季N2O排放的影响。结果表明,与对照相比,整个小麦生长季N2O排放量均随尿素和控释肥施用量的增加呈指数增加(32%～164%,p<0.05),但控释肥处理增加程度则较尿素处理缓和;施用控释肥可以有效抑制小麦生长季N2O排放(p<0.05),控释肥对N2O的减排量随着施氮量的增加而增加。小麦产量随尿素施用量的增加呈抛物线增加(24%～43%,p<0.05),随控释肥施用量的增加亦呈抛物线增加(30%～45%,p<0.05);与施用相同水平尿素相比,施用控释肥的小麦产量略有增加,但无显著差异(p>0.05)。单位产量N2O排放量随尿素施用量的增加而呈指数增加(31%～114%,p<0.05),随控释肥施用量的增加而呈抛物线增加(2%～50%,p<0.05);施用控释肥可以有效抑制小麦生长季单位产量N2O排放(p<0.05),控释肥对单位产量N2O的减排量随着施氮量的增加而增加。各处理N2O排放量与土壤水分存在显著正相关(p<0.05),与土壤NH4+-N、NO3--N浓度和土温不呈明显线性关系(p>0.05)。展开更多
在大田条件下采用密闭室间歇通气法和密闭式静态箱法研究了控释氮肥不同施氮水平对春玉米土壤N_2O排放和氨挥发的影响。结果表明:与T2(普通尿素)处理相比,控释氮肥处理(T3~T6)N_2O排放通量变化趋势平稳,无明显的峰值;从累积排放量上看,...在大田条件下采用密闭室间歇通气法和密闭式静态箱法研究了控释氮肥不同施氮水平对春玉米土壤N_2O排放和氨挥发的影响。结果表明:与T2(普通尿素)处理相比,控释氮肥处理(T3~T6)N_2O排放通量变化趋势平稳,无明显的峰值;从累积排放量上看,与T2处理相比,T3(240 kg N·hm^(-2))、T4(216 kg N·hm^(-2))、T5(192 kg N·hm^(-2))、T6(168 kg N·hm^(-2))处理N_2O排放量分别减少27.80%、33.66%、45.85%、55.12%,但T2与T3、T4处理之间差异不显著(P>0.05),与T5、T6处理之间差异显著(P<0.05);各控释氮肥处理间差异均不显著(P>0.05),与施肥量呈极显著的指数函数关系(P<0.01)。T2处理氨挥发速率在施肥后的2~4 d内出现峰值,而各控释氮肥处理在基肥、苗肥、穗肥施用后,分别在第9、6、1~2 d出现峰值;与T2处理相比,T3、T4处理氨挥发量反而分别增加了8.02%和0.97%,但差异均不显著(P>0.05),T5、T6处理氨挥发量分别减少了8.86%(P>0.05)和16.65%(P<0.05);各控释氮肥处理间,与T3相比,T4、T5、T6处理氨挥发量分别减少了6.53%(P>0.05)、15.62%(P<0.05)和22.84%(P<0.01),且氨挥发量与施氮量呈极显著线性关系(P<0.01)。从产量上看,各施氮肥处理玉米产量均显著高于不施氮肥处理,但各施氮肥处理间差异不显著(P>0.05)。综合产量和N_2O排放、氨挥发考虑,控释氮肥的合理减氮施用能够发挥更大的环境效益。展开更多
文摘It has been previously argued that application of organic residues added in soils has a great impact on soil quality, grain productivity as well as greenhouse gas emissions. Substitution of chemical fertilizers has become a common practice in agricultural systems which consequently affect the greenhouse gas emissions from agricultural fields. To observe the effects of organic manures and crop residues amendments, five fertilizer treatments including conventional inorganic nitrogen fertilizer—NPK, cow manure, rice straw, poultry manure and sugarcane bagasse were applied in the field for two consecutive pre-monsoon rice seasons. Addition of rice straw, poultry manure and sugarcane bagasse decreased the cumulative N2O emissions by 14% and 31%, and by 1% and 7% and 5% and 3% in 2012 and 2013 respectively when compared with conventional fertilizer treatment (NPK) in both the seasons. Yield differences were not significant (p > 0.005) amongst the treatments, however, a slight increase was observed due to rice straw amendment over control. Soil organic carbon decreased by 11% - 17% under the application of organic residues which might have contributed to lower N2O emissions from the plots. Results of carbon equivalent emission (CEE) and carbon efficiency ratio (CER) indicated that incorporation of rice straw during pre-monsoon rice season had the potential to reduce the N2O emissions and yield scaled emissions of rice production at lower level than the conventional farmers’ practice of using chemical fertilizers (NPK).
文摘为探明不同水土保持耕作技术对东北黑土坡耕地玉米氮素利用和温室气体排放的影响,以大田试验为基础,设置7个耕作处理:等高耕作(Transverse slope planting, TP)、垄向区田(Ridge to the district field, RF)、深松耕(Subsoiling tillage, SF)、等高耕作+深松耕(Transverse slope planting+subsoiling tillage, TP-S)、垄向区田+深松耕(Ridge to the district field+subsoiling tillage, RF-S)、等高耕作+垄向区田(Transverse slope planting+ridge to the district field, TP-R)、常规耕作(Down-slope cultivation, CK),探究水土保持耕作技术对东北黑土坡耕地土壤养分状况、温室气体排放、氮素吸收利用和产量的影响。结果表明:在玉米全生育期内,水土保持耕作处理显著提高了玉米产量、器官氮素转运率以及氮肥利用率,部分水土保持耕作措施也可以显著降低N_(2)O与CO_(2)排放。其中,玉米成熟期时,实施水土保持耕作措施的植株产量较CK处理增加3.39%~26.43%,TP-S处理提升效果最高。对于氮肥利用率,水土保持耕作技术较CK处理提高25.23%(RF处理)~76.98%(TP-S处理),提升效果显著。对于CO_(2)排放,除SF处理外,其余水土保持耕作处理均显著低于CK处理。但对于N_(2)O排放,TP处理、 TP-S处理和TP-R处理显著低于CK,而SF处理、RF处理以及RF-S处理较CK处理则明显增加。故综合来看,建议当地玉米种植采取等高耕作+深松耕的水土保持耕作技术。
文摘通过田间试验,采用静态箱法研究不同施氮水平下控释肥和尿素(N 0、100、200、270 kg hm-2)对麦季N2O排放的影响。结果表明,与对照相比,整个小麦生长季N2O排放量均随尿素和控释肥施用量的增加呈指数增加(32%～164%,p<0.05),但控释肥处理增加程度则较尿素处理缓和;施用控释肥可以有效抑制小麦生长季N2O排放(p<0.05),控释肥对N2O的减排量随着施氮量的增加而增加。小麦产量随尿素施用量的增加呈抛物线增加(24%～43%,p<0.05),随控释肥施用量的增加亦呈抛物线增加(30%～45%,p<0.05);与施用相同水平尿素相比,施用控释肥的小麦产量略有增加,但无显著差异(p>0.05)。单位产量N2O排放量随尿素施用量的增加而呈指数增加(31%～114%,p<0.05),随控释肥施用量的增加而呈抛物线增加(2%～50%,p<0.05);施用控释肥可以有效抑制小麦生长季单位产量N2O排放(p<0.05),控释肥对单位产量N2O的减排量随着施氮量的增加而增加。各处理N2O排放量与土壤水分存在显著正相关(p<0.05),与土壤NH4+-N、NO3--N浓度和土温不呈明显线性关系(p>0.05)。
文摘在大田条件下采用密闭室间歇通气法和密闭式静态箱法研究了控释氮肥不同施氮水平对春玉米土壤N_2O排放和氨挥发的影响。结果表明:与T2(普通尿素)处理相比,控释氮肥处理(T3~T6)N_2O排放通量变化趋势平稳,无明显的峰值;从累积排放量上看,与T2处理相比,T3(240 kg N·hm^(-2))、T4(216 kg N·hm^(-2))、T5(192 kg N·hm^(-2))、T6(168 kg N·hm^(-2))处理N_2O排放量分别减少27.80%、33.66%、45.85%、55.12%,但T2与T3、T4处理之间差异不显著(P>0.05),与T5、T6处理之间差异显著(P<0.05);各控释氮肥处理间差异均不显著(P>0.05),与施肥量呈极显著的指数函数关系(P<0.01)。T2处理氨挥发速率在施肥后的2~4 d内出现峰值,而各控释氮肥处理在基肥、苗肥、穗肥施用后,分别在第9、6、1~2 d出现峰值;与T2处理相比,T3、T4处理氨挥发量反而分别增加了8.02%和0.97%,但差异均不显著(P>0.05),T5、T6处理氨挥发量分别减少了8.86%(P>0.05)和16.65%(P<0.05);各控释氮肥处理间,与T3相比,T4、T5、T6处理氨挥发量分别减少了6.53%(P>0.05)、15.62%(P<0.05)和22.84%(P<0.01),且氨挥发量与施氮量呈极显著线性关系(P<0.01)。从产量上看,各施氮肥处理玉米产量均显著高于不施氮肥处理,但各施氮肥处理间差异不显著(P>0.05)。综合产量和N_2O排放、氨挥发考虑,控释氮肥的合理减氮施用能够发挥更大的环境效益。
