Cyanobacteria can produce useful renewable fuels and high-value chemicals using sunlight and atmo- spheric carbon dioxide by photosynthesis. Genetic manip- ulation has increased the variety of chemicals that cyanobact...Cyanobacteria can produce useful renewable fuels and high-value chemicals using sunlight and atmo- spheric carbon dioxide by photosynthesis. Genetic manip- ulation has increased the variety of chemicals that cyanobacteria can produce. However, their uniquely abundant NADPH-pool, in other words insufficient supply of NADH, tends to limit their production yields in case of utilizing NADH-dependent enzyme, which is quite common in heterotrophic microbes. To overcome this cofactor imbalance and enhance cyanobacterial fuel and chemical production, various approaches for cofactor engineering have been employed. In this review, we focus on three approaches： （1） utilization of NADPH- dependent enzymes, （2） increasing NADH production, and （3） changing cofactor specificity of NADH-dependent enzymes from NADH to NADPH.展开更多
An experiment was conducted to compare the mRNA expression difference in rice leaves and roots under drought stress and normal conditions us, ng Fluorescent Differential Display （FDD） method. One positive fragment w...An experiment was conducted to compare the mRNA expression difference in rice leaves and roots under drought stress and normal conditions us, ng Fluorescent Differential Display （FDD） method. One positive fragment was isolated by combination of the H. A. Yellow-PAGE （cont,~ined 0.1% H. A. Yellow） separation and macroarray screening methods. Compared to Arabidopsis thaliana NADPH oxidoreductase gene, it has 96% identity. The cDNA was 1423 bp, and contained a complete open reading frame of 1048 bp encoding a protein with 345 amino acid residues. Moreover, the gene expression level was higher under drought stress than that under normal conditions. The possible role of NADPH oxidoreductase gene under drought response was also discussed.展开更多
目的探讨山茱萸对糖尿病心肌病大鼠的干预作用及机制。方法采用腹腔注射链脲佐菌素方法构建糖尿病大鼠模型。将50只Sprague-Dawley大鼠随机分为正常对照组（N组）、糖尿病组（D组）、山茱萸低剂量组（FC-L组,400mg/kg）、山茱萸高剂量组...目的探讨山茱萸对糖尿病心肌病大鼠的干预作用及机制。方法采用腹腔注射链脲佐菌素方法构建糖尿病大鼠模型。将50只Sprague-Dawley大鼠随机分为正常对照组（N组）、糖尿病组（D组）、山茱萸低剂量组（FC-L组,400mg/kg）、山茱萸高剂量组（FC-H组,800mg/kg）及氟伐他汀组（Flu组）,每组10只。12周后测体质量并计算心体比（H/B）和左心室质量指数（LVMI）。应用流式细胞仪检测心肌组织中活性氧（ROS）的表达,生化法检测大鼠血清中超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-px）活性和心肌细胞中谷胱甘肽（GSH）含量,Western blot及real time PCR检测心肌组织中p-Akt蛋白及P22phox、p47phox、FN、ColⅢ和核因子-κB（NF-κB）mRNA表达。结果与对照组相比,模型组H/B、LVMI、ROS及P22phox、p47phox、FN、ColⅢ、NF-κB和p-Akt表达均显著升高（F=295.274～543.871,P〈0.05）,血清SOD、GSH-px和心肌细胞中的GSH含量均显著降低（F=325.274～415.287,P〈0.05）。山茱萸及氟伐他汀干预后,Flu组、FC-L组和FC-H组大鼠的心肌H/B、LVMI、ROS、P22phox、p47phox、FN、ColⅢ、NF-κB和p-Akt表达均显著低于模型组（F=112.557～478.684,P〈0.05）,血清SOD、GSH-px和心肌细胞中GSH含量显著升高（F=198.547～347.574,P〈0.05）,且均呈剂量依赖性。结论山茱萸干预可以减轻糖尿病大鼠心肌病变,可能与减少心肌组织氧化应激水平,下调NADPH氧化酶P22phox和p47Phox亚基与p-Akt表达有关。展开更多
文摘Cyanobacteria can produce useful renewable fuels and high-value chemicals using sunlight and atmo- spheric carbon dioxide by photosynthesis. Genetic manip- ulation has increased the variety of chemicals that cyanobacteria can produce. However, their uniquely abundant NADPH-pool, in other words insufficient supply of NADH, tends to limit their production yields in case of utilizing NADH-dependent enzyme, which is quite common in heterotrophic microbes. To overcome this cofactor imbalance and enhance cyanobacterial fuel and chemical production, various approaches for cofactor engineering have been employed. In this review, we focus on three approaches： （1） utilization of NADPH- dependent enzymes, （2） increasing NADH production, and （3） changing cofactor specificity of NADH-dependent enzymes from NADH to NADPH.
文摘An experiment was conducted to compare the mRNA expression difference in rice leaves and roots under drought stress and normal conditions us, ng Fluorescent Differential Display （FDD） method. One positive fragment was isolated by combination of the H. A. Yellow-PAGE （cont,~ined 0.1% H. A. Yellow） separation and macroarray screening methods. Compared to Arabidopsis thaliana NADPH oxidoreductase gene, it has 96% identity. The cDNA was 1423 bp, and contained a complete open reading frame of 1048 bp encoding a protein with 345 amino acid residues. Moreover, the gene expression level was higher under drought stress than that under normal conditions. The possible role of NADPH oxidoreductase gene under drought response was also discussed.
文摘目的探讨山茱萸对糖尿病心肌病大鼠的干预作用及机制。方法采用腹腔注射链脲佐菌素方法构建糖尿病大鼠模型。将50只Sprague-Dawley大鼠随机分为正常对照组（N组）、糖尿病组（D组）、山茱萸低剂量组（FC-L组,400mg/kg）、山茱萸高剂量组（FC-H组,800mg/kg）及氟伐他汀组（Flu组）,每组10只。12周后测体质量并计算心体比（H/B）和左心室质量指数（LVMI）。应用流式细胞仪检测心肌组织中活性氧（ROS）的表达,生化法检测大鼠血清中超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-px）活性和心肌细胞中谷胱甘肽（GSH）含量,Western blot及real time PCR检测心肌组织中p-Akt蛋白及P22phox、p47phox、FN、ColⅢ和核因子-κB（NF-κB）mRNA表达。结果与对照组相比,模型组H/B、LVMI、ROS及P22phox、p47phox、FN、ColⅢ、NF-κB和p-Akt表达均显著升高（F=295.274～543.871,P〈0.05）,血清SOD、GSH-px和心肌细胞中的GSH含量均显著降低（F=325.274～415.287,P〈0.05）。山茱萸及氟伐他汀干预后,Flu组、FC-L组和FC-H组大鼠的心肌H/B、LVMI、ROS、P22phox、p47phox、FN、ColⅢ、NF-κB和p-Akt表达均显著低于模型组（F=112.557～478.684,P〈0.05）,血清SOD、GSH-px和心肌细胞中GSH含量显著升高（F=198.547～347.574,P〈0.05）,且均呈剂量依赖性。结论山茱萸干预可以减轻糖尿病大鼠心肌病变,可能与减少心肌组织氧化应激水平,下调NADPH氧化酶P22phox和p47Phox亚基与p-Akt表达有关。
