Delineating homogeneous domains of fractured rocks using topological manifolds and deep learning

Determining homogeneous domains statistically is helpful for engineering geological modeling and rock mass stability evaluation.In this text,a technique that can integrate lithology,geotechnical and structural information is proposed to delineate homogeneous domains.This technique is then applied to a high and steep slope along a road.First,geological and geotechnical domains were described based on lithology,faults,and shear zones.Next,topological manifolds were used to eliminate the incompatibility between orientations and other parameters(i.e.trace length and roughness)so that the data concerning various properties of each discontinuity can be matched and characterized in the same Euclidean space.Thus,the influence of implicit combined effect in between parameter sequences on the homogeneous domains could be considered.Deep learning technique was employed to quantify abstract features of the characterization images of discontinuity properties,and to assess the similarity of rock mass structures.The results show that the technique can effectively distinguish structural variations and outperform conventional methods.It can handle multisource engineering geological information and multiple discontinuity parameters.This technique can also minimize the interference of human factors and delineate homogeneous domains based on orientations or multi-parameter with arbitrary distributions to satisfy different engineering requirements.

BIG HANKEL OPERATORS ON HARDY SPACES OF STRONGLY PSEUDOCONVEX DOMAINS

In this article,we investigate the(big) Hankel operator H_(f) on the Hardy spaces of bounded strongly pseudoconvex domains Ω in C^(n).We observe that H_(f ) is bounded on H~p(Ω)(1 <p <∞) if f belongs to BMO and we obtain some characterizations for Hf on H^(2)(Ω) of other pseudoconvex domains.In these arguments,Amar's L^(p)-estimations and Berndtsson's L^(2)-estimations for solutions of the ■_(b)-equation play a crucial role.In addition,we solve Gleason's problem for Hardy spaces H^(p)(Ω)(1 ≤p≤∞) of bounded strongly pseudoconvex domains.

MINIMIZERS OF L^(2)-SUBCRITICAL VARIATIONAL PROBLEMS WITH SPATIALLY DECAYING NONLINEARITIES IN BOUNDED DOMAINS

This paper is concerned with the minimizers of L^(2)-subcritical constraint variar tional problems with spatially decaying nonlinearities in a bounded domain Ω of R~N(N≥1).We prove that the problem admits minimizers for any M> 0.Moreover,the limiting behavior of minimizers as M→∞ is also analyzed rigorously.

Spatial correlations in time and frequency domains between chlorophyll-a concentration and environmental factors in the Bohai Sea

Based on the reconstructed MODIS data and ECMWF reanalysis data from 2003 to 2021,spatial correlations between chlorophyll a(Chl a)and sea surface temperature(SST),photosynthetically available radiation(PAR),aerosol optical thickness(AOT),and wind speed(WS)in the Bohai Sea were analyzed from the perspective of time domain and frequency domain.Results indicate that the frequency domain analysis was more conducive to revealing the correlations between Chl a and environmental factors.The spatial pattern of time-domain correlations was similar to the isobaths of the Bohai Sea,which was positive in shallow waters and negative in deep waters for SST,PAR,and AOT,and was reversed for WS.Frequency-domain correlations were obtained by performing Fourier Transform and were higher than correlations in time domain.The spatial distributions indicated that the effects of SST and PAR on Chl a were greater than AOT and WS in the Bohai Sea.Additionally,cross-spectrum analysis was applied to explore the response relationships.A depth-dependent pattern was shown in correlations and time lags,indicating that the influential mechanism of environmental factors on Chl-a concentration is related to seawater depth.

Targeting neuronal PAS domain protein 2 and KN motif/ankyrin repeat domains 1:Advances in type 2 diabetes therapy

This editorial summarizes the latest literature on the roles of neuronal PAS domain protein 2 and KN motif/ankyrin repeat domain 1 in type 2 diabetes(T2D).We highlight their involvement inβ-cell dysfunction,explore their potential as therapeutic targets,and discuss the implications for new treatment strategies.We offer valuable insights into relevant gene regulation and cellular mechanisms relevant for the targeted management of T2D.

Enhancing Relational Triple Extraction in Specific Domains:Semantic Enhancement and Synergy of Large Language Models and Small Pre-Trained Language Models

In the process of constructing domain-specific knowledge graphs,the task of relational triple extraction plays a critical role in transforming unstructured text into structured information.Existing relational triple extraction models facemultiple challenges when processing domain-specific data,including insufficient utilization of semantic interaction information between entities and relations,difficulties in handling challenging samples,and the scarcity of domain-specific datasets.To address these issues,our study introduces three innovative components:Relation semantic enhancement,data augmentation,and a voting strategy,all designed to significantly improve the model’s performance in tackling domain-specific relational triple extraction tasks.We first propose an innovative attention interaction module.This method significantly enhances the semantic interaction capabilities between entities and relations by integrating semantic information fromrelation labels.Second,we propose a voting strategy that effectively combines the strengths of large languagemodels(LLMs)and fine-tuned small pre-trained language models(SLMs)to reevaluate challenging samples,thereby improving the model’s adaptability in specific domains.Additionally,we explore the use of LLMs for data augmentation,aiming to generate domain-specific datasets to alleviate the scarcity of domain data.Experiments conducted on three domain-specific datasets demonstrate that our model outperforms existing comparative models in several aspects,with F1 scores exceeding the State of the Art models by 2%,1.6%,and 0.6%,respectively,validating the effectiveness and generalizability of our approach.

Research fronts and researchers of World Journal of Psychiatry in 2023: A visualization and analysis of mapping knowledge domains

BACKGROUND In the rapidly evolving landscape of psychiatric research,2023 marked another year of significant progress globally,with the World Journal of Psychiatry(WJP)experiencing notable expansion and influence.AIM To conduct a comprehensive visualization and analysis of the articles published in the WJP throughout 2023.By delving into these publications,the aim is to deter-mine the valuable insights that can illuminate pathways for future research endeavors in the field of psychiatry.METHODS A selection process led to the inclusion of 107 papers from the WJP published in 2023,forming the dataset for the analysis.Employing advanced visualization techniques,this study mapped the knowledge domains represented in these papers.RESULTS The findings revealed a prevalent focus on key topics such as depression,mental health,anxiety,schizophrenia,and the impact of coronavirus disease 2019.Additionally,through keyword clustering,it became evident that these papers were predominantly focused on exploring mental health disorders,depression,anxiety,schizophrenia,and related factors.Noteworthy contributions hailed authors in regions such as China,the United Kingdom,United States,and Turkey.Particularly,the paper garnered the highest number of citations,while the American Psychiatric Association was the most cited reference.CONCLUSION It is recommended that the WJP continue in its efforts to enhance the quality of papers published in the field of psychiatry.Additionally,there is a pressing need to delve into the potential applications of digital interventions and artificial intelligence within the discipline.

Design,Development and Testing of the JTech Bolt for Use in Static,Quasi-Static and Dynamic Domains

Designing a rock reinforcement element requires knowledge of:geomechanical behaviour,interaction of the reinforcement element with rock mass and the element’s mechanistic response in static and dynamic environments.Using this knowledge the JTech bolt was developed and subjected to a thorough program to test,gather data and validate the bolt performance in varying domains.By conducting FE(finite element)modeling,the simulation reviews the JTech bolt design evaluating the effects of threadbar geometric variation,threadbar and nut engagement results under high stress,coating friction response and effects of thread tolerance extremes on the failure mode.These results determine safety factors,tolerances and quality management criteria.Once manufactured,in-situ system testing,laboratory and underground short encapsulation testing,resin mixing testing,double shear testing and dynamic testing at varying velocity and mass,determine the system’s capacity and effectiveness in static,quasi-static and dynamic mining environments.In this paper,the process and results are described.

Identification of Stability Domains for Flow Parameters in Fused Filament Fabrication Using Acoustic Emission

In Fused Filament Fabrication(FFF),the state of material flow significantly influences printing outcomes.However,online monitoring of these micro-physical processes within the extruder remains challenging.The flow state is affected by multiple parameters,with temperature and volumetric flow rate(VFR)being the most critical.The study explores the stable extrusion of flow with a highly sensitive acoustic emission(AE)sensor so that AE signals generated by the friction in the annular region can reflect the flow state more effectively.Nevertheless,the large volume and broad frequency range of the data present processing challenges.This study proposes a method that initially selects short impact signals and then uses the Fast Kurtogram(FK)to identify the frequency with the highest kurtosis for signal filtration.The results indicate that this approach significantly enhances processing speed and improves feature extraction capabilities.By correlating AE characteristics under various parameters with the quality of extruded raster beads,AE can monitor the real-time state of material flow.This study offers a concise and efficient method for monitoring the state of raster beads and demonstrates the potential of online monitoring of the flow states.

A Novel Protein RLS1 with NB-ARM Domains Is Involved in Chloroplast Degradation during Leaf Senescence in Rice

Leaf senescence, a type of programmed cell death （PCD） characterized by chlorophyll degradation, is important to plant growth and crop productivity. It emerges that autophagy is involved in chloroplast degradation during leaf senescence. However, the molecular mechanism（s） involved in the process is not well understood. In this study, the genetic and physiological characteristics Of the rice rlsl （rapid leaf senescence 1） mutant were identified. The rlsl mutant developed small, yellow-brown lesions resembling disease scattered over the whole surfaces of leaves that displayed earlier senescence than those of wild-type plants. The rapid loss of chlorophyll content during senescence was the main cause of accelerated leaf senescence in rlsl. Microscopic observation indicated that PCD was misregulated, probably resulting in the accelerated degradation of chloroplasts in rlsl leaves. Map-based cloning of the RLS1 gene revealed that it encodes a pre- viously uncharacterized NB （nucleotide-binding site）-containing protein with an ARM （armadillo） domain at the carboxyl terminus. Consistent with its involvement in leaf senescence, RLS1 was up-regulated during dark-induced leaf senescence and down-regulated by cytokinin. Intriguingly, constitutive expression of RLS1 also slightly accelerated leaf senescence with decreased chlorophyll content in transgenic rice plants. Our study identified a previously uncharacterized NB-ARM protein involved in PCD during plant growth and development, providing a unique tool for dissecting possible autophagy- mediated PCD during senescence in plants.

Domain size and charge defects affecting the polarization switching of antiferroelectric domains

The switching behavior of antiferroelectric domain structures under the applied electric field is not fully understood.In this work,by using the phase field simulation,we have studied the polarization switching property of antiferroelectric domains.Our results indicate that the ferroelectric domains nucleate preferably at the boundaries of the antiferroelectric domains,and antiferroelectrics with larger initial domain sizes possess a higher coercive electric field as demonstrated by hysteresis loops.Moreover,we introduce charge defects into the sample and numerically investigate their influence.It is also shown that charge defects can induce local ferroelectric domains,which could suppress the saturation polarization and narrow the enclosed area of the hysteresis loop.Our results give insights into understanding the antiferroelectric phase transformation and optimizing the energy storage property in experiments.

Structure and function of the membrane microdomains in osteoclasts

The cell membrane structure is closely related to the occurrence and progression of many metabolic bone diseases observed in the clinic and is an important target to the development of therapeutic strategies for these diseases.Strong experimental evidence supports the existence of membrane microdomains in osteoclasts(OCs).However,the potential membrane microdomains and the crucial mechanisms underlying their roles in OCs have not been fully characterized.Membrane microdomain components,such as scaffolding proteins and the actin cytoskeleton,as well as the roles of individual membrane proteins,need to be elucidated.In this review,we discuss the compositions and critical functions of membrane microdomains that determine the biological behavior of OCs through the three main stages of the OC life cycle.

IMPROVED REGULARITY OF HARMONIC DIFFEOMORPHIC EXTENSIONS ON QUASIHYPERBOLIC DOMAINS

Let X be a Jordan domain satisfying certain hyperbolic growth conditions.Assume that φ is a homeomorphism from the boundary ?X of X onto the unit circle.Denote by h the harmonic diffeomorphic extension of φ from X onto the unit disk.We establish the optimal Orlicz-Sobolev regularity and weighted Sobolev estimate of h.These generalize the Sobolev regularity of h in [A.Koski,J.Onninen,Sobolev homeomorphic extensions,J.Eur.Math.Soc.23(2021) 4065-4089,Theorem 3.1].

Estimation-free spatial-domain image reconstruction of structured illumination microscopy

Structured illumination microscopy(SIM)achieves super-resolution(SR)by modulating the high-frequency information of the sample into the passband of the optical system and subsequent image reconstruction.The traditional Wiener-filtering-based reconstruction algorithm operates in the Fourier domain,it requires prior knowledge of the sinusoidal illumination patterns which makes the time-consuming procedure of parameter estimation to raw datasets necessary,besides,the parameter estimation is sensitive to noise or aberration-induced pattern distortion which leads to reconstruction artifacts.Here,we propose a spatial-domain image reconstruction method that does not require parameter estimation but calculates patterns from raw datasets,and a reconstructed image can be obtained just by calculating the spatial covariance of differential calculated patterns and differential filtered datasets(the notch filtering operation is performed to the raw datasets for attenuating and compensating the optical transfer function(OTF)).Experiments on reconstructing raw datasets including nonbiological,biological,and simulated samples demonstrate that our method has SR capability,high reconstruction speed,and high robustness to aberration and noise.

Consistency between domain wall oscillation modes and spin wave modes in nanostrips

Investigations on domain wall(DW) and spin wave(SW) modes in a series of nanostrips with different widths and thicknesses have been carried out using micromagnetic simulation. The simulation results show that the frequencies of SW modes and the corresponding DW modes are consistent with each other if they have the same node number along the width direction. This consistency is more pronounced in wide and thin nanostrips, favoring the DW motion driven by SWs.Further analysis of the moving behavior of a DW driven by SWs is also carried out. The average DW speed can reach a larger value of ~ 140 m/s under two different SW sources. We argue that this study is very meaningful for the potential application of DW motion driven by SWs.

Realizing large strain at low electric field in Pb(Zr,Ti)O_(3)-based piezoelectric ceramics via engineering lattice distortion and domain structure

Pb(Zr,Ti)O_(3)-based ceramics are the mainstream materials for commercial multilayer piezoelectric ceramic actuators,but to date,large strains at low electric fields have not been well solved.Herein,0.95Pb(Zr_(0.56)Ti_(0.44))O_(3)–0.05(Bi_(0.5)Na_(0.5))TiO_(3–x)BaZrO_(3)(PZT–BNT–xBZ)ceramics with efficient ferroelectric domain wall motion were designed and realized by reducing lattice distortion and changing the domain structure.It is found that the introduction of BaZrO_(3)(BZ)weakens the tetragonal phase distortion of PZT,contributing to a reduction in the mechanical stress that impedes the migration of domain walls.Moreover,the domain structures could be modified by adjusting the BZ content,where short and broad striped domains are constructed with high amplitude characteristics to enhance the domain wall motion.A large strain of 0.39%is accordingly achieved at an electric field as low as 40 kV/cm for the sample with x=0.03,accompanied by excellent temperature stability over the temperature range of 30–210℃.This study delves into the synergistic effects of reducing lattice distortion and changing domain structure on domain wall motion and provides an effective strategy to improve the strain of PZT-based piezoelectric ceramics.

Mapping the antiparallel aligned domain rotation by microwave excitation

The evolution process of magnetic domains in response to external fields is crucial for the modern understanding and application of spintronics.In this study,we investigated the domain rotation in stripe domain films of varying thicknesses by examining their response to microwave excitation in four different orientations.The resonance spectra indicate that the rotation field of stripe domain film under an applied magnetic field approaches the field where the resonance mode of sample changes.The saturation field of the stripe domain film corresponds to the field where the resonance mode disappears when measured in the stripe direction parallel to the microwave magnetic field.The results are reproducible and consistent with micromagnetic simulations,providing additional approaches and techniques for comprehending the microscopic mechanisms of magnetic domains and characterizing their rotation.

Low-Rank Optimal Transport for Robust Domain Adaptation

When encountering the distribution shift between the source(training) and target(test) domains, domain adaptation attempts to adjust the classifiers to be capable of dealing with different domains. Previous domain adaptation research has achieved a lot of success both in theory and practice under the assumption that all the examples in the source domain are welllabeled and of high quality. However, the methods consistently lose robustness in noisy settings where data from the source domain have corrupted labels or features which is common in reality. Therefore, robust domain adaptation has been introduced to deal with such problems. In this paper, we attempt to solve two interrelated problems with robust domain adaptation:distribution shift across domains and sample noises of the source domain. To disentangle these challenges, an optimal transport approach with low-rank constraints is applied to guide the domain adaptation model training process to avoid noisy information influence. For the domain shift problem, the optimal transport mechanism can learn the joint data representations between the source and target domains using a measurement of discrepancy and preserve the discriminative information. The rank constraint on the transport matrix can help recover the corrupted subspace structures and eliminate the noise to some extent when dealing with corrupted source data. The solution to this relaxed and regularized optimal transport framework is a convex optimization problem that can be solved using the Augmented Lagrange Multiplier method, whose convergence can be mathematically proved. The effectiveness of the proposed method is evaluated through extensive experiments on both synthetic and real-world datasets.

Multiple Matching Attenuation Based on Curvelet Domain Extended Filtering

The paper develops a multiple matching attenuation method based on extended filtering in the curvelet domain,which combines the traditional Wiener filtering method with the matching attenuation method in curvelet domain.Firstly,the method uses the predicted multiple data to generate the Hilbert transform records,time derivative records and time derivative records of Hilbert transform.Then,the above records are transformed into the curvelet domain and multiple matching attenuation based on least squares extended filtering is performed.Finally,the attenuation results are transformed back into the time-space domain.Tests on the model data and field data show that the method proposed in the paper effectively suppress the multiples while preserving the primaries well.Furthermore,it has higher accuracy in eliminating multiple reflections,which is more suitable for the multiple attenuation tasks in the areas with complex structures compared to the time-space domain extended filtering method and the conventional curvelet transform method.

Complementary-Label Adversarial Domain Adaptation Fault Diagnosis Network under Time-Varying Rotational Speed and Weakly-Supervised Conditions

Recent research in cross-domain intelligence fault diagnosis of machinery still has some problems,such as relatively ideal speed conditions and sample conditions.In engineering practice,the rotational speed of the machine is often transient and time-varying,which makes the sample annotation increasingly expensive.Meanwhile,the number of samples collected from different health states is often unbalanced.To deal with the above challenges,a complementary-label(CL)adversarial domain adaptation fault diagnosis network(CLADAN)is proposed under time-varying rotational speed and weakly-supervised conditions.In the weakly supervised learning condition,machine prior information is used for sample annotation via cost-friendly complementary label learning.A diagnosticmodel learning strategywith discretized category probabilities is designed to avoidmulti-peak distribution of prediction results.In adversarial training process,we developed virtual adversarial regularization(VAR)strategy,which further enhances the robustness of the model by adding adversarial perturbations in the target domain.Comparative experiments on two case studies validated the superior performance of the proposed method.