Significant wave height（SWH） can be computed from the returning waveform of radar altimeter, this parameter is only raw estimates if it does not calibrate. But accurate calibration is important for all applications,...Significant wave height（SWH） can be computed from the returning waveform of radar altimeter, this parameter is only raw estimates if it does not calibrate. But accurate calibration is important for all applications, especially for climate studies. HY-2a altimeter has been operational since April 2012 and its products are available to the scientific community. In this work, SWH data from HY-2A altimeters are calibrated against in situ buoy data from the National Data Buoy Center（NDBC）, Distinguished from previous calibration studies which generally regarded buoy data as ＂truth＂, the work of calibration for HY-2A altimeter wave data against in situ buoys was applied a more sophisticated statistical technique-the total least squares（TLS） method which can take into account errors in both variables. We present calibration results for HY-2A radar altimeter measurement of wave height against NDBC buoys. In addition, cross-calibration for HY-2A and Jason-2 wave data are talked over and the result is given.展开更多
Complementarities between wind and wave energies have many signifcant advantages that are unavailable with the sole deployment of either.Using all available wind speed,signifcant wave height,and wave period buoy obser...Complementarities between wind and wave energies have many signifcant advantages that are unavailable with the sole deployment of either.Using all available wind speed,signifcant wave height,and wave period buoy observations over a 10-year period(i.e.,2009–2019),colocated wind and wave energy resources are estimated.Although buoy records are imper-fect,results show that the inner Caribbean Sea(CS)under the infuence of the Caribbean low-level jet has the highest wind energy resource at~1500 W/m^(2),followed by the outer CS at~600 W/m^(2) and Atlantic Ocean(AO)at~550–600 W/m^(2) at a 100 m height.Wave energy was most abundant in the AO at 14 kW/m,followed by the inner CS at 13 kW/m and outer CS at 5 kW/m.The average and dominant wave energies can reach a maximum of 10 and 14 kW/m,respectively.Asymmetry between wind and wave energy resources is observed in the AO,where wave energy is higher than the low wind speed/energy would suggest.Swell is responsible for this discrepancy;thus,it must be considered not only for wave energy extraction but also for wind turbine fatigue,stability,and power extraction efciency.展开更多
利用美国国家浮标数据中心NDBC和热带大气海洋计划TAO浮标的海表面温度数据,对Wind Sat 2004年—2013年近10年的海表面温度产品进行了验证。结果表明,在美国沿岸海域,Wind Sat反演得到的海表面温度的平均偏差为0.10°C,标准偏差为0....利用美国国家浮标数据中心NDBC和热带大气海洋计划TAO浮标的海表面温度数据,对Wind Sat 2004年—2013年近10年的海表面温度产品进行了验证。结果表明,在美国沿岸海域,Wind Sat反演得到的海表面温度的平均偏差为0.10°C,标准偏差为0.59°C;在近赤道太平洋海域,反演得到的海表面温度的平均偏差为–0.15°C,标准偏差为0.33°C。Wind Sat海表面温度在夏季相对浮标实测值有正偏差增大和负偏差缩小的趋势,在美国东海岸以及墨西哥湾区域部分站点反演得到的海表面温度的标准偏差较大,其标准偏差超过1°C。在5–10 m/s风速段,Wind Sat海表面温度反演效果比较理想,平均偏差和标准偏差相对恒定。当风速大于12 m/s时,Wind Sat海表面温度反演的不确定性明显增加。与AMSR-E月平均海表面温度产品对比发现,夏季,Wind Sat SST较AMSRE偏低;冬季,Wind Sat SST较AMSR-E偏高。展开更多
基金The Marine Public Welfare Project of China under contract No.201305032
文摘Significant wave height（SWH） can be computed from the returning waveform of radar altimeter, this parameter is only raw estimates if it does not calibrate. But accurate calibration is important for all applications, especially for climate studies. HY-2a altimeter has been operational since April 2012 and its products are available to the scientific community. In this work, SWH data from HY-2A altimeters are calibrated against in situ buoy data from the National Data Buoy Center（NDBC）, Distinguished from previous calibration studies which generally regarded buoy data as ＂truth＂, the work of calibration for HY-2A altimeter wave data against in situ buoys was applied a more sophisticated statistical technique-the total least squares（TLS） method which can take into account errors in both variables. We present calibration results for HY-2A radar altimeter measurement of wave height against NDBC buoys. In addition, cross-calibration for HY-2A and Jason-2 wave data are talked over and the result is given.
文摘Complementarities between wind and wave energies have many signifcant advantages that are unavailable with the sole deployment of either.Using all available wind speed,signifcant wave height,and wave period buoy observations over a 10-year period(i.e.,2009–2019),colocated wind and wave energy resources are estimated.Although buoy records are imper-fect,results show that the inner Caribbean Sea(CS)under the infuence of the Caribbean low-level jet has the highest wind energy resource at~1500 W/m^(2),followed by the outer CS at~600 W/m^(2) and Atlantic Ocean(AO)at~550–600 W/m^(2) at a 100 m height.Wave energy was most abundant in the AO at 14 kW/m,followed by the inner CS at 13 kW/m and outer CS at 5 kW/m.The average and dominant wave energies can reach a maximum of 10 and 14 kW/m,respectively.Asymmetry between wind and wave energy resources is observed in the AO,where wave energy is higher than the low wind speed/energy would suggest.Swell is responsible for this discrepancy;thus,it must be considered not only for wave energy extraction but also for wind turbine fatigue,stability,and power extraction efciency.
文摘利用美国国家浮标数据中心NDBC和热带大气海洋计划TAO浮标的海表面温度数据,对Wind Sat 2004年—2013年近10年的海表面温度产品进行了验证。结果表明,在美国沿岸海域,Wind Sat反演得到的海表面温度的平均偏差为0.10°C,标准偏差为0.59°C;在近赤道太平洋海域,反演得到的海表面温度的平均偏差为–0.15°C,标准偏差为0.33°C。Wind Sat海表面温度在夏季相对浮标实测值有正偏差增大和负偏差缩小的趋势,在美国东海岸以及墨西哥湾区域部分站点反演得到的海表面温度的标准偏差较大,其标准偏差超过1°C。在5–10 m/s风速段,Wind Sat海表面温度反演效果比较理想,平均偏差和标准偏差相对恒定。当风速大于12 m/s时,Wind Sat海表面温度反演的不确定性明显增加。与AMSR-E月平均海表面温度产品对比发现,夏季,Wind Sat SST较AMSRE偏低;冬季,Wind Sat SST较AMSR-E偏高。
