Background:Liu-Jun-Zi decoction(LJZD),a classical nourishing formula in China,has been proven to be effective in treating chemotherapy-induced anorexia.In this study,the mechanism of LJZD in alleviating chemotherapy-i...Background:Liu-Jun-Zi decoction(LJZD),a classical nourishing formula in China,has been proven to be effective in treating chemotherapy-induced anorexia.In this study,the mechanism of LJZD in alleviating chemotherapy-induced anorexia was discussed from the aspects of regulating gut microbiota,repairing intestinal barrier injury and inhibiting inflammatory pathways.Methods:A rat model of chemotherapy-induced anorexia was established using cisplatin.The study evaluated the therapeutic effects of LJZD by observing the weight,food intake,and intestinal pathology of rats.The impact of LJZD on gut microbiota and metabolites,specifically short-chain fatty acids,was investigated through gut microbiota analysis and targeted metabolomics.The anti-inflammatory and intestinal protective effects of LJZD were assessed by examining the expression of intestinal tight junction proteins associated with the inflammatory pathway.Results:LJZD alleviated cisplatin-induced inflammation and intestinal barrier disruption,as evidenced by upregulated expression of tight junction protein 1(TJ-1)and occludin,along with reduced serum levels of interleukin 6(IL-6),interleukin-1β(IL-1β),tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),and lipopolysaccharide.Additionally,LJZD alleviated microbiota imbalance and regulated the levels of short-chain fatty acids,especially increased the relative abundance of Coriobacteriales Incertae Sedis,Lactabacillus johnsonii F19785,Parasutterella,and reduced the Tyzzerella.In the hypothalamus,LJZD exerts suppressive effects on the toll-like receptor 4(TLR4)/myeloid differentiation factor 88(MyD88)/nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB)p65 signaling pathway,leading to a downregulation in the transcriptional activity of IL-6 and IL-1β,as well as Interleukin 6 receptors(IL-6R)and Interleukin-1βreceptors(IL-1R1)mRNA expression levels.Conclusion:In summary,LJZD alleviate chemotherapy-induced anorexia by modulating the gut microbiota,repairing the intestinal mechanical barriers,and suppressing the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB p65 signaling pathway.展开更多
1958—1999年,在广东省佛山市南海区西樵镇一带发现了众多记录了史前人类活动的石器地点,石器中包括双肩石器和细石器。迄今为止,“西樵山遗址”被认定是4—7 ka B P的大型新石器时期采石场和加工场。2011—2022年,笔者经多次地质遗迹...1958—1999年,在广东省佛山市南海区西樵镇一带发现了众多记录了史前人类活动的石器地点,石器中包括双肩石器和细石器。迄今为止,“西樵山遗址”被认定是4—7 ka B P的大型新石器时期采石场和加工场。2011—2022年,笔者经多次地质遗迹和地质环境调查,在西樵山东南麓富贤村北面发现了良好的第四纪地层剖面。地质探槽剖面测量和地质年代学研究表明:富贤地点存在2套原始沉积地层:上部为第四纪全新世沼泽相地层,AMS14C校正年龄为5052—5409 a B P;下部为第四纪晚更新世冲积-洪积相地层,AMS14C校正年龄为38420—40502 a B P,OSL (光释光)年龄为41.977—43.796 ka B P;在晚更新世地层中发现2层含旧石器层,下部A1层主要石器类型有较大型刮削器、尖刃器、舌型刃器及小型石片工具,如各类刮削器、锯齿刃器、凹缺器、石刀、使用石片、石核等,包括带铤斧型小石刀;上部A2层明显出现更多石刀类型且常常附带修背和修铤工作,其中一件用于生产细小长石片的原始楔形石核引人关注。据平均沉积速率计算,下部A1石器层年龄为46.511—47.325 ka B P,上部A2石器层年龄为41.977—42.167 ka B P;距今大于5 ka的全新世沉积物中的石制品数量虽少,但器物类型仍具有明显继承性与发展性特点。本文的发现更新并延伸了西樵山国家地质公园和“西樵山文化”的内涵,首次突破了珠江三角洲地区有确切年代的晚更新世旧石器遗存的纪录,追踪到大约40—50 ka现代人在华南沿海的足迹,揭示了同期石器工业的面貌及其文化内涵的发展特征和演变。研究表明,在MIS3间冰段相对湿热时期以及MIS2相对干冷阶段,富贤地点的古人类面临环境变化的挑战而开启了新的生计模式,这对于揭示现代人对全球和区域环境变化的响应与适应的科学问题具有重要意义。展开更多
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant numbers 82174143)the Innovative Team Project of Ordinary Universities in Guangdong Province(grant numbers 2022KCXTD016).
文摘Background:Liu-Jun-Zi decoction(LJZD),a classical nourishing formula in China,has been proven to be effective in treating chemotherapy-induced anorexia.In this study,the mechanism of LJZD in alleviating chemotherapy-induced anorexia was discussed from the aspects of regulating gut microbiota,repairing intestinal barrier injury and inhibiting inflammatory pathways.Methods:A rat model of chemotherapy-induced anorexia was established using cisplatin.The study evaluated the therapeutic effects of LJZD by observing the weight,food intake,and intestinal pathology of rats.The impact of LJZD on gut microbiota and metabolites,specifically short-chain fatty acids,was investigated through gut microbiota analysis and targeted metabolomics.The anti-inflammatory and intestinal protective effects of LJZD were assessed by examining the expression of intestinal tight junction proteins associated with the inflammatory pathway.Results:LJZD alleviated cisplatin-induced inflammation and intestinal barrier disruption,as evidenced by upregulated expression of tight junction protein 1(TJ-1)and occludin,along with reduced serum levels of interleukin 6(IL-6),interleukin-1β(IL-1β),tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),and lipopolysaccharide.Additionally,LJZD alleviated microbiota imbalance and regulated the levels of short-chain fatty acids,especially increased the relative abundance of Coriobacteriales Incertae Sedis,Lactabacillus johnsonii F19785,Parasutterella,and reduced the Tyzzerella.In the hypothalamus,LJZD exerts suppressive effects on the toll-like receptor 4(TLR4)/myeloid differentiation factor 88(MyD88)/nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB)p65 signaling pathway,leading to a downregulation in the transcriptional activity of IL-6 and IL-1β,as well as Interleukin 6 receptors(IL-6R)and Interleukin-1βreceptors(IL-1R1)mRNA expression levels.Conclusion:In summary,LJZD alleviate chemotherapy-induced anorexia by modulating the gut microbiota,repairing the intestinal mechanical barriers,and suppressing the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB p65 signaling pathway.
文摘1958—1999年,在广东省佛山市南海区西樵镇一带发现了众多记录了史前人类活动的石器地点,石器中包括双肩石器和细石器。迄今为止,“西樵山遗址”被认定是4—7 ka B P的大型新石器时期采石场和加工场。2011—2022年,笔者经多次地质遗迹和地质环境调查,在西樵山东南麓富贤村北面发现了良好的第四纪地层剖面。地质探槽剖面测量和地质年代学研究表明:富贤地点存在2套原始沉积地层:上部为第四纪全新世沼泽相地层,AMS14C校正年龄为5052—5409 a B P;下部为第四纪晚更新世冲积-洪积相地层,AMS14C校正年龄为38420—40502 a B P,OSL (光释光)年龄为41.977—43.796 ka B P;在晚更新世地层中发现2层含旧石器层,下部A1层主要石器类型有较大型刮削器、尖刃器、舌型刃器及小型石片工具,如各类刮削器、锯齿刃器、凹缺器、石刀、使用石片、石核等,包括带铤斧型小石刀;上部A2层明显出现更多石刀类型且常常附带修背和修铤工作,其中一件用于生产细小长石片的原始楔形石核引人关注。据平均沉积速率计算,下部A1石器层年龄为46.511—47.325 ka B P,上部A2石器层年龄为41.977—42.167 ka B P;距今大于5 ka的全新世沉积物中的石制品数量虽少,但器物类型仍具有明显继承性与发展性特点。本文的发现更新并延伸了西樵山国家地质公园和“西樵山文化”的内涵,首次突破了珠江三角洲地区有确切年代的晚更新世旧石器遗存的纪录,追踪到大约40—50 ka现代人在华南沿海的足迹,揭示了同期石器工业的面貌及其文化内涵的发展特征和演变。研究表明,在MIS3间冰段相对湿热时期以及MIS2相对干冷阶段,富贤地点的古人类面临环境变化的挑战而开启了新的生计模式,这对于揭示现代人对全球和区域环境变化的响应与适应的科学问题具有重要意义。