淫羊藿苷调控mTOR/Akt/CREB通路对高糖诱导的足细胞自噬及凋亡的影响

目的 探讨淫羊藿苷对高糖诱导的足细胞自噬、凋亡及哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白(mTOR)/丝氨酸苏氨酸蛋白激酶(Akt)/环磷酸腺苷反应元件结合蛋白(CREB)通路的影响。方法 将小鼠足细胞MPC5分为5组:正常对照组(5.5 mmol·L^(-1)葡萄糖)、高糖组(30 mmol·L^(-1)葡萄糖)、淫羊藿苷组(30 mmol·L^(-1)葡萄糖+5μmol·L^(-1)淫羊藿苷)、GDC-0349组(30 mmol·L^(-1)葡萄糖+50μmol·L^(-1)GDC-0349)、淫羊藿苷+GDC-0349组(30 mmol·L^(-1)葡萄糖+5μmol·L^(-1)淫羊藿苷+50μmol·L^(-1)GDC-0349)。培养48 h后,噻唑蓝法检测MPC5细胞活力;吖啶橙染色观察MPC5细胞自噬情况;流式细胞术检测MPC5细胞凋亡;蛋白印迹法检测MPC5细胞自噬[微管相关蛋白1轻链3(LC3)Ⅱ、LC3Ⅰ、自噬相关蛋白(Beclin-1)]、凋亡[Bcl-2相关X蛋白(Bax)、B淋巴细胞瘤-2(Bcl-2)]和mTOR/Akt/CREB通路相关蛋白的表达。结果 与正常对照组比较,高糖组MPC5细胞活力、Bcl-2、磷酸化mTOR(p-mTOR)/mTOR、磷酸化Akt(p-Akt)/Akt、磷酸化CREB(p-CREB)/CREB蛋白表达水平显著降低(P<0.05),自噬能力增强,自噬体表现出橙色荧光,细胞凋亡率、LC3Ⅱ/LC3Ⅰ、Beclin-1、Bax蛋白表达水平显著升高(P<0.05)。与高糖组比较,淫羊藿苷组MPC5细胞活力、LC3Ⅱ/LC3Ⅰ、Beclin-1、Bcl-2、p-mTOR/mTOR、p-Akt/Akt、p-CREB/CREB蛋白表达水平显著升高,自噬能力进一步增强,自噬体数量增多,自噬体呈现出砖红色荧光(P<0.05),细胞凋亡率、Bax蛋白表达水平显著降低(P<0.05);GDC-0349组MPC5细胞活力、LC3Ⅱ/LC3Ⅰ、Beclin-1、Bcl-2、p-mTOR/mTOR、p-Akt/Akt、p-CREB/CREB蛋白表达水平显著降低,自噬能力减弱,自噬体数量减少,自噬体表现出橙色荧光(P<0.05),细胞凋亡率、Bax蛋白表达水平显著升高(P<0.05);淫羊藿苷+GDC-0349可逆转淫羊藿苷对高糖诱导MPC5细胞的作用效果(P<0.05)。结论 淫羊藿苷通过激活mTOR/Akt/CREB通路促进高糖诱导的足细胞自噬抑制细胞凋亡。

基于BDNF/TrkB/CREB通路研究六味地黄丸对丙戊酸钠诱导的孤独症谱系障碍模型仔鼠的作用机制

目的基于脑源性神经营养因子(brain-derived neurotrophic factor,BDNF)/酪氨酸激酶受体B(tyrosine kinase receptor B,TrkB)/cAMP反应元件结合蛋白(cAMP response element binding protein,CREB)通路,探讨六味地黄丸对丙戊酸钠(sodium valproate,VPA)诱导的孤独症谱系障碍(autism spectrum disorder,ASD)仔鼠的作用机制。方法将13只SD孕鼠随机分为两组,其中10只孕鼠在第12.5天时腹腔注射VPA溶液(600 mg·kg^(-1))为VPA组,另外3只孕鼠注射等体积生理盐水为对照组。第21天对两组雄性仔鼠开展行为学检测,筛选出符合ASD疾病模型的仔鼠30只,随机分为模型组(等体积生理盐水),维生素D组(1480 IU·kg^(-1)),六味地黄丸高(3 g·kg^(-1))、中(1.5 g·kg^(-1))、低(0.75 g·kg^(-1))剂量组,每组6只。正常雄性仔鼠6只,设为空白组(等体积生理盐水)。各组仔鼠连续灌胃14 d,1次/d,给药后再次开展行为学检测。尼氏染色观察各组仔鼠海马组织神经元形态学变化,比色法检测各组仔鼠海马组织中谷氨酸(glutamic acid,GLU)、γ-氨基丁酸(gamma-aminobutyric acid,GABA)含量;qRT-PCR检测各组仔鼠海马组织中BDNF、TrkB、CREB mRNA相对表达。结果与对照组比较,VPA组仔鼠体质量、身长、尾长更小(P<0.05)。与空白组比较,模型组社交障碍症状明显(P<0.01),焦虑障碍症状明显(P<0.01),重复刻板行为增多(P<0.05或P<0.01),海马神经元结构损伤,GLU升高(P<0.01)、GABA下降(P<0.01),BDNF、TrkB、CREB mRNA表达降低(P<0.05或P<0.01);与模型组比较,维生素D组及六味地黄丸中、低剂量组仔鼠社交能力增强(P<0.05或P<0.01),焦虑障碍减轻(P<0.05或P<0.01),重复刻板行为减少(P<0.01或P<0.05),海马神经元结构明显复原,GLU下降(P<0.01),BDNF、TrkB、CREB mRNA表达增加(P<0.05或P<0.01),六味地黄丸中、低剂量组GABA上升(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论六味地黄丸能显著改善VPA诱导的ASD仔鼠行为表现,增强海马组织神经元的再生与修复,其机制可能与平衡GLU、GABA水平,上调仔鼠海马组织中BDNF/TrkB/CREB的表达有关。

Histological Features of Uterine Myometrial Dysfunction:Possible Involvement of Localized Inflammation

Objective The latest perspective suggests that elevated levels of inflammation and cytokines are implicated in atonic postpartum hemorrhage.Lipopolysaccharide(LPS)has been widely used to induce inflammation in animal models.Therefore,this study aimed to induce uterine inflammation using LPS to investigate whether local inflammation triggers dysfunction and atrophy in the myometrium,as well as the potential underlying molecular mechanisms involved.Methods In vivo,an animal model was established by intraperitoneal injection of 300μg/kg LPS in rats on gestational day 21.Hematoxylin-eosin(H&E)staining and Masson staining were employed to determine morphological changes in the rat uterine smooth muscle.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)was used to detect inflammatory cytokines.Immunohistochemistry,tissue fluorescence,and Western blotting were conducted to assess the expression levels of the uterine contraction-related proteins Toll-like receptor 4(TLR4)and the nuclear factor kappa-B(NF-κB)signaling pathway.In vitro,human uterine smooth muscle cells(HUtSMCs)were exposed to 2μg/mL LPS to further elucidate the involvement of the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway in LPS-mediated inflammation.Results In this study,LPS induced uterine myometrial dysfunction in rats,leading to a disorganized arrangement,a significant increase in collagen fiber deposition,and widespread infiltration of inflammatory cells.In both in vivo animal models and in vitro HUtSMCs,LPS elevated IL-6,IL-1β,and TNF-αlevels while concurrently suppressing the expression of connexin 43(Cx43)and oxytocin receptor(OXTR).Mechanistically,the LPS-treated group exhibited TLR4 activation,and the phosphorylation levels of p65 and IκBαwere notably increased.Conclusion LPS triggered the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway,inducing an inflammatory response in the myometrium and leading to uterine myometrial dysfunction and uterine atony.

Bioinformatic Analysis and Experimental Verification of QJHGD on Caerulein-induced Inflammatory Response in SAP Model Rats Based on TLR4/NF-κB/My D88 Pathway

[Objectives]To conduct bioinformatic analysis and experimental verification of Qingjie Huagong Decoction(QJHGD)on caerulein-induced inflammatory response in severe acute pancreatitis(SAP)model rats based on TLR4/NF-κB/MyD88 pathway.[Methods]The effective component groups and potential targets of QJHGD were collected by the network pharmacology method.A drug-component-target network was constructed.The GO and KEGG of targets were enriched and analyzed with the aid of Metascape database,and the target pathway related to SAP inflammation was screened.The SAP rat model was established by caerulein combined with lipopolysaccharide,and QJHGD was intragastrically administered.Pancreatic tissue was observed by HE staining.In addition,enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunohistochemistry were used to verify the anti-inflammatory effect of QJHGD on SAP rats and its regulatory effect on TLR4/NF-κB/MyD88 target pathway.[Results]A total of 105 active components of QJHGD and 148 key targets of SAP were predicted and screened;KEGG was enriched in 320 different pathways including toll-like receptor and NF-κB classical pathways.Animal experiment verified that QJHGD reduced serum amylase,serum lipase activity,IL-6,TNF-αlevels in SAP rats;HE staining showed the effect of QJHGD on the pathological changes of pancreas,and QJHGD inhibited the positive expression of key proteins of TLR4,NF-κB and MyD88 in the inflammatory transduction pathway.[Conclusions]The mechanism of QJHGD improving pancreatic injury in SAP rats may be related to down-regulating the expression of key proteins in the TLR4/NF-κB/MyD88 pathway.

Significance and identification of p53 response element binding sequence in the genome of hepatitis B virus

To explore the mechanism of interaction of hepatitis B virus (HBV) with P53 protein and its role in the hepatocarcinogenesis. Methods: HBV genome was analysed by computer program. The probe containing specific DNA-protein binding site in HBV genome was synthesized and reacted with nuclei protein of hepatoma cell lines. Specific binding was determined by electrophoretic mobility shift assay, electrophoretic mobility supershift assay and in situ ultraviolet cross-linking assay. Co-transfection was performed by using reporter gene cat, p53 and dexamethasone inducible HBx to observe the biological functions of HBV binding to p53 protein. Results: A p53 response element binding sequence is present in HBV genome at upstream of enhancer I from 1047 to 1059 hp. This sequence is capable of binding to p53 protein and increasing accumulation of p53 protein in cells. Conclusion: The results strongly suggest that DNA-protein binding of HBV with P53 protein plays a significant role and it may be the predominant mechanism in the pathogenesis of HBV-associated hepatocellular carcinoma.

帕罗西汀通过Akt/GSK3β/CREB通路对焦虑大鼠行为学的改善作用

目的基于蛋白激酶B(Akt)/糖原合成酶激酶3β(GSK3β)/环腺苷酸反应元件结合蛋白(CREB)通路探讨帕罗西汀对焦虑大鼠行为学的影响。方法焦虑大鼠模型采用单笼饲养且接受不确定性空瓶饮水刺激方法建立。SPF级SD雄性大鼠随机分为对照组、模型组、低中高剂量帕罗西汀组(帕罗西汀3 mg/kg、6 mg/kg、12 mg/kg)、Akt抑制剂组(Akt抑制剂Perifosine 20 mg/kg+帕罗西汀12 mg/kg),每组6只。观察大鼠攻击、探究、修饰行为;高架十字迷宫(EPM)试验记录大鼠进入开放臂次数(OE)、进入开放臂时间(OT)、进入封闭臂次数(CE)、进入封闭臂时间(CT)、向下探究次数(HD),并计算OE+CE、OE比例(OE%)、OT比例(OT%);实时荧光定量PCR法(qRT-PCR)和免疫印迹法(Western blot)检测大鼠海马组织中Akt、GSK3β、CREB mRNA及蛋白水平。结果与对照组比较,模型组大鼠毛色干枯无光、粗糙,易被激怒,探究行为、修饰行为、攻击行为水平升高(P<0.05),OE+CE、OE%、OT%、HD水平降低(P<0.05),p-Akt/Akt、p-GSK3β/GSK3β、p-CREB/CREB蛋白水平均降低(P<0.05)。与模型组比较,低中高剂量帕罗西汀组、Akt抑制剂组大鼠给药后状态均有不同程度改善,毛色逐渐光泽,活动变多,探究行为、修饰行为、攻击行为水平降低(P<0.05),OE+CE、OE%、OT%、HD水平升高(P<0.05),p-Akt/Akt、p-GSK3β/GSK3β、p-CREB/CREB蛋白水平均升高(P<0.05)。且帕罗西汀处理基础上使用Akt抑制剂可部分逆转帕罗西汀对Akt/GSK3β/CREB通路的激活作用及对焦虑样行为的改善作用。结论帕罗西汀可通过激活海马组织中Akt/GSK3β/CREB通路,改善大鼠焦虑样行为。

LncRNA Airsci increases the inflammatory response after spinal cord injury in rats through the nuclear factor kappa B signaling pathway

Spinal cord injury(SCI)is a serious traumatic event to the central nervous system.Studies show that long non-coding RNAs(lncRNAs)play an important role in regulating the inflammatory response in the acute stage of SCI.Here,we investigated a new lncRNA related to spinal cord injury and acute inflammation.We analyzed the expression profile of lncRNAs after SCI,and explored the role of lncRNA Airsci(acute inflammatory response in SCI)on recovery following acute SCI.The rats were divided into the control group,SCI group,and SCI+lncRNA Airsci-siRNA group.The expression of inflammatory factors,including nuclear factor kappa B[NF-κB(p65)],NF-κB inhibitor IκBαand phosphorylated IκBα(p-IκBα),and the p-IκBα/IκBαratio were examined 1–28 days after SCI in rats by western blot assay.The differential lncRNA expression profile after SCI was assessed by RNA sequencing.The differentially expressed lncRNAs were analyzed by bioinformatics technology.The differentially expressed lncRNA Airsci,which is involved in NF-κB signaling and associated with the acute inflammatory response,was verified by quantitative real-time PCR.Interleukin(IL-1β),IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor(TNF-α)at 3 days after SCI were measured by western blot assay and quantitative real-time PCR.The histopathology of the spinal cord was evaluated by hematoxylin-eosin and Nissl staining.Motor function was assessed with the Basso,Beattie and Bresnahan Locomotor Rating Scale.Numerous differentially expressed lncRNAs were detected after SCI,including 151 that were upregulated and 186 that were downregulated in the SCI 3 d group compared with the control group.LncRNA Airsci was the most significantly expressed among the five lncRNAs involved in the NF-κB signaling pathway.LncRNA Airsci-siRNA reduced the inflammatory response by inhibiting the NF-κB signaling pathway,alleviated spinal cord tissue injury,and promoted the recovery of motor function in SCI rats.These findings show that numerous lncRNAs are differentially expressed following SCI,and that inhibiting lncRNA Airsci reduces the inflammatory response through the NF-κB signaling pathway,thereby promoting functional recovery.All experimental procedures and protocols were approved by the approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of Jining Medical University(approval No.JNMC-2020-DW-RM-003)on January 18,2020.

Latest recognition of NF-κB’s essential roles in immune, inflammation and apoptosis

Studying the NF-κB-signaling-associated cytoplasm regulation is pivotal for understanding the mechanism of disorders and will provide an attractive target for new intervention and therapy methods. Here we briefly review the latest studies about NF-κB＇ s roles in immunity, inflammation, apoptosis and other pathophysiological processes. These may provide useful evidences for the design of effective therapeutic strategies.

Study on the Hepatoprotective Effect of Oxalis coriniculata L. and Related Mechanism by Regulating Oxidative Stress and TLR-2/NF-κB Signaling Pathway

[Objectives]This study aimed to explore the protective effect of Oxalis coriniculata L.on rats with acute liver injury induced by carbon tetrachloride(CCl4)and related mechanism by regulating oxidative stress and the TLR-2 TLR-2/NF-κB signaling pathway.[Methods]A total of 48 female rats were randomly and evenly divided into normal group,model group,silymarin group(0.12 g/kg),and high(16 g/kg),middle(8 g/kg)and low-dose(4 g/kg)O.coriniculata L.groups.The rats in the groups were intragastrically administered with 5 mL/kg of corresponding drugs(equal-volume distilled water for normal group and control group),respectively.The administration was conducted twice a day,for 10 consecutive days.After 2 h of the last administration,the rats in all the groups except the normal group were intraperitoneally injected with 12%carbon tetrachloride(CCl4)olive oil solution(5 mL/kg),respectively to establish liver injury rat models.After 16 h,the eyeball blood of the rats was collected,and their liver tissues were collected for preparation of HE sections.The biochemical indicators detected included aspartate aminotransferase(AST),alanine aminotransferase(ALT),total superoxide dismutase(T-SOD)and glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px)activity and malondialdehyde(MDA)content in the serum.The contents of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),interleukin-1β(IL-1β)and interleukin-6(IL-6)in the serum were detected by ELISA.The expression of Toll-like receptor-2(TLR-2)and nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB)in liver tissue was detected using Western blotting.The pathological changes of liver were observed under light microscope.[Results]Compared with the normal group,the ALT,AST activity and MDA,IL-1β,IL-6,TNF-αlevels in rat serum significantly increased(P<0.01),the GSH-Px,T-SOD activity in rat serum significantly decreased(P<0.01),and the expression of TLR-2 and NF-κB in liver tissue was up-regulated(P<0.01)in the model group.Compared with the model group,the ALT,AST activity and MDA,IL-1β,IL-6 and TNF-αlevels in rat serum reduced(P<0.05,P<0.01),the GSH-Px and T-SOD activity in rat serum increased(P<0.05,P<0.01),and the expression of TLR-2 and NF-κB in liver tissue was down-regulated(P<0.05,P<0.01)in the O.coriniculata L.administration groups.Pathological sections show that O.coriniculata L.had an improving effect on rats with acute liver injury induced by CCl4.[Conclusions]O.coriniculata L.has a good protective effect on rats with acute liver injury induced by CCl4.Its mechanism may be related to inhibition of oxidative stress,inhibition of inflammatory response and regulation of the TLR-2/NF-κB signaling pathway.

Inhibitory Effect of Bergenin on TLR-4/NF-κB Signal Pathway in Reducing Allergic Rhinitis in Mice

[Objectives]To explore the effect and possible mechanism of bergenin in relieving allergic rhinitis(AR)in mice.[Methods]50 C57/BL6 mice were randomly divided into blank group(n=10),model group(n=10)and high(100 mg/kg),medium(50 mg/kg)and low(25 mg/kg)dose bergenin groups with 10 mice in each group.Except for the blank group,the other mice were sensitized by basic ways combined with attack to replicate the AR model.From the 15th d of modeling(from the second d after the end of the basic modeling),the drug group was given bergenin orally for 15 d,and the blank group and model group were given the same volume of normal saline once a day.24 h after the last establishment of the model,the content of interleukin 4(IL-4),IL-6,TNF-αand IL-1βin nasal lavage fluid and serum of mice in each group was detected by ELISA.The expression of TLR-4,NF-κB and p-NF-κB in nasal mucosa of mice was detected by Western blot.[Results]Compared with the blank group,the content of inflammatory factors IL-4,IL-6,TNF-αand IL-1βin nasal lavage fluid and serum of model group was significantly increased,and the protein expression of TLR-4 and p-NF-κB was significantly increased.After the intervention of bergenin,the content of IL-4,IL-6,TNF-αand IL-1βin nasal lavage fluid and serum and TLR-4 and p-NF-κB protein in tissue was significantly inhibited in bergenin group.[Conclusions]Bergenin can effectively reduce allergic inflammation in AR model mice,and its mechanism may be related to inhibition of inflammation and down-regulation of TLR-4/NF-κB signal pathway.

奥氮平介导环磷酸腺苷反应元件结合蛋白/脑源性神经营养因子/酪氨酸蛋白激酶受体B通路对精神分裂模型大鼠的神经修复作用

目的 探讨奥氮平通过对环磷酸腺苷反应元件结合蛋白(CREB)/脑源性神经营养因子(BDNF)/酪氨酸蛋白激酶受体B(TrkB)通路的影响对精神分裂模型大鼠的神经修复作用。方法 将60只大鼠纳入对照组、模型组、奥氮平低、中、高剂量组,各组均10只。模型组、奥氮平低、中、高剂量组大鼠进行MK-801腹腔注射0.2 mg/(kg·d),对照组注射等量生理盐水。模型建立成功24 h后,奥氮平低、中、高剂量组分别以0.5、1.0、1.5 mg/(kg·d)奥氮平溶液灌胃,对照组、模型组同剂量生理盐水灌胃。按照共济失调和刻板行为标准对大鼠行为学进行评分;Morris水迷宫实验评定大鼠认知功能及学习能力;ELISA法检测大鼠血清肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)和白细胞介素6(IL-6)水平;观察海马组织病理学变化;检测海马区细胞凋亡及CREB/BDNF/TrkB通路相关蛋白表达。结果 与对照组比较,模型组大鼠共济失调、刻板行为评分、TNF-α、IL-6表达、细胞凋亡率极显著增加(P<0.01),奥氮平低、中剂量组显著增加(P<0.05)。与对照组比较,模型组大鼠跨越平台次数、目标象限停留时间、CREB、磷酸化CREB(p-CREB)、磷酸化TrkB(p-TrkB)、TrkB、BDNF蛋白相对表达极显著减少(P<0.01),奥氮平低、中剂量组显著减少(P<0.05)。与模型组比较,奥氮平低、中剂量组跨越平台次数、目标象限停留时间显著增加(P<0.05),奥氮平高剂量组极显著增加(P<0.01)。模型组以及奥氮平低剂量组中海马细胞肿大明显、细胞核破碎分裂、固缩,组织排列杂乱;奥氮平中、高剂量组大鼠海马细胞中少见破碎分裂以及核固缩现象,整体组织与对照组大鼠相似。结论 奥氮平对精神分裂症模型大鼠的神经修复作用机制涉及到改善大鼠认知功能受损、保护大鼠海马神经细胞以及激活CREB/BDNF/TrkB信号通路的表达。

柴胡加龙骨牡蛎汤对肿瘤后抑郁模型大鼠海马BDNF/TrkB/CREB信号通路的影响

目的探讨柴胡加龙骨牡蛎汤(CLM)对肿瘤后抑郁模型大鼠海马脑源性神经营养因子/酪氨酸激酶受体B/环磷酸腺苷反应元件结合蛋白(BDNF/TrkB/CREB)信号通路的影响。方法采用接种腹水癌细胞系S180细胞建立肿瘤大鼠模型,再通过慢性不可预知温和刺激(CUMS)诱导肿瘤后抑郁大鼠模型。将12只模型大鼠分为模型对照组、CLM组(每10 g体质量给药0.1 mL),各6只;另设正常对照组(6只)。采用旷场实验(OFT)、悬尾实验(TST)、强迫游泳实验(FST)检测大鼠的抑郁样行为,酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)试剂盒检测大鼠血清超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)水平,以及海马组织白细胞介素(IL)-1β、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)与IL-10的水平,免疫印迹(Western blot)法检测BDNF,TrkB,CREB及磷酸化环腺苷酸应答元件结合蛋白(p-CREB)的水平。结果与模型对照组比较,CLM组大鼠OFT距离、时间及TST,FST静止时间均显著减少(P<0.01),血清SOD和GSH-Px水平均显著升高(P<0.01),海马组织中IL-1β和TNF-α水平均显著升高(P<0.01),IL-10水平显著降低(P<0.01),BDNF和TrkB蛋白表达及p-CREB/CREB均显著上调(P<0.01)。结论CLM可显著改善肿瘤后抑郁模型大鼠的抑郁样行为,抑制海马神经炎性反应,可能与上调BDNF/TrkB/CREB信号通路有关。

舍曲林对缺血性脑卒中后抑郁模型大鼠海马TrkB和CREB表达的影响

目的观察舍曲林对缺血性脑卒中后抑郁模型大鼠行为学的影响,以及该模型大鼠海马酪氨酸激酶受体B(Trk B)和c AMP反应原件连接蛋白(CREB)表达的影响。方法将40只成年雄性SD大鼠随机分为假手术组、抑郁组、PSD组和舍曲林预防组,每组10只。采用改良双侧颈总动脉结扎术制备全脑缺血大鼠模型,慢性不可预见性温和刺激和孤养法制备抑郁大鼠模型,将以上方法相结合制备PSD大鼠模型。舍曲林预防组予舍曲林水溶液[1 mg/(100g·d)]对制备的PSD大鼠每天灌胃1次。观察各组大鼠自发性行为学改变,采用蔗糖水消耗试验、旷场试验、体重变化评定大鼠的行为学变化;21 d后采用免疫组织化学法分析大鼠海马Trk B、CREB蛋白的表达。结果应激开始后第7 d、第14 d、第21 d测大鼠体重、蔗糖水饮用量、旷场试验水平运动距离,PSD组较假手术组差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),预防组较PSD组差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。免疫组化结果显示,PSD组大鼠模型海马各区Trk B、CREB的平均光密度值均明显低于假手术组(P<0.01,P<0.05),舍曲林预防组大鼠模型海马各区Trk B、CREB的平均光密度值明显高于PSD组(P<0.01)。结论舍曲林可有效改善PSD大鼠的抑郁状况,Trk B、CREB参与此过程并起着重要作用。

双剪接型2·2kb乙型肝炎病毒基因组剪接变异体编码蛋白可反式激活GAL4反应元件

为研究双剪接型2.2kb乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)基因组剪接变异体特异性新蛋白—yTPds的功能,以酵母双杂交系统的诱饵质粒pGBKT7克隆yTPds基因并转化酵母细胞AH109获得相应重组子,滤纸法及液相分析法测酵母转化子内β-半乳糖苷酶(-βgal)的活性,证实yTPds蛋白可反式激活酵母GAL4反应元件(GAL4 responsive ele-ment)。在此基础上,为进一步探讨该蛋白反式激活作用的功能区域,以pGBKT7分段克隆yTPds基因,分别编码yTPds蛋白N端47个氨基酸(yTPds-N47)、N端75个氨基酸(yTPds-N75)、中部28个氨基酸(yTPds-M28)、C端92个氨基酸(yTPds-C92)、C端64个氨基酸(yTPds-C64)以及去除中部28个氨基酸的融合蛋白(yTPds-Fusion)。各重组载体转化酵母细胞AH109获得相应转化子。滤纸法定性检测酵母转化子内-βgal活性,结果显示yTPds-N75、yTPds-M28、yTPds-C92蛋白可反式激活GAL4反应元件,液相分析法显示酵母转化子内-βgal活性强弱为yTPds-M28>yTPds-N75>yTPds-C92>yTPds,提示yTPds蛋白反式激活作用的功能区域是其中部28个氨基酸,该区域对应于HBV preS1蛋白反式激活功能域。此研究证实双剪接型2.2kb乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)基因组剪接变异体特异性新蛋白具有反式激活作用,提示其可能具有重要的致病意义。

乙肝病毒X蛋白通过CREB上调HBx结合蛋白促进肝癌细胞迁移

乙型肝炎病毒X蛋白(hepatitis B virus X protein,HBx)对肝癌的发生发展具有十分重要的作用.HBx具有促进肝癌迁移的作用,但其作用的分子机制不清.本研究对HBx促进肝癌细胞迁移的分子机制进行了探讨.伤口愈合和Boyden’s chamber结果表明,HBx可明显促进肝癌Hep G2细胞迁移.在稳定转染HBx的Hep G2(Hep G2-X)细胞中转染HBx结合蛋白(hepatitis B X-interacting protein,HBXIP)的RNA干扰片段,可明显抑制HBx的促迁移作用.免疫组化和实时定量PCR结果表明,HBXIP在肝癌组织中显著高表达,并且与HBx表达成正相关.荧光素酶报告基因和免疫印迹结果表明,HBx显著增强HBXIP的启动子活性和蛋白质表达水平.应用HBx的RNA干扰处理Hep G2-X细胞,HBXIP的启动子活性和蛋白质表达水平明显下降.将HBXIP启动子区的c AMP效应元件结合因子(CREB)结合位点突变后,HBx上调HBXIP的作用消失.应用CREB的RNA干扰处理肝癌细胞,在启动子水平和蛋白质水平上,HBx对HBXIP的上调作用被显著抑制.染色质免疫共沉淀结果表明,HBx能够通过CREB结合到HBXIP的启动子上,进而发挥激活HBXIP的功能.本研究结果表明,HBx促进肝癌细胞迁移的作用是通过CREB上调HBXIP实现的.这一发现对进一步揭示HBx促进肝癌细胞迁移的分子机制具有重要意义.

基于五次B样条的子区间法

重构细分划了时域,细分划拓展了0次B样条Bi0的定义,对高次B样条的递推式进行了拓展,获得了细分划拓展的均匀分划的分段式五次B样条函数,因而拓展了展开定理,构造了五次B样条基函数.该基函数与现有的五次B样条基函数相比,表征的物理概念更清晰和简洁.基于五次B样条基函数,提出和推导了结构动力响应研究中的位移元子区间法和子区间法的嵌套方法递推格式.通过精度比较,得出子区间法的嵌套方法要优越于位移元子区间法.

头痛宁胶囊对偏头痛大鼠BDNF/TrkB信号通路表达的影响

目的观察头痛宁胶囊对偏头痛大鼠模型中脑源性神经营养因子(BDNF)及其信号通路上酪氨酸激酶(TrkB)受体、下游信号分子细胞外调节蛋白激酶(ERK)、磷酸化cAMP反应结合蛋白(p-CREB)表达的影响。方法将60只SD大鼠随机分为正常对照组、模型组、头痛宁干预组,依照Tassorelli法建立硝酸甘油实验性偏头痛SD大鼠模型,观察各组大鼠的行为学变化,第五次建模后用ELISA法检测血清BDNF水平及免疫组化法检测三叉神经组织中BDNF、TrkB受体、下游信号分子ERK和p-CREB的蛋白表达变化及其定位。结果行为学观察结果显示:模型组及干预组大鼠造模后出现挠头增多、双耳发红、爬笼活动频繁,但干预组大鼠的持续时间及挠头爬笼次数较模型组减少,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);对照组未出现上述行为学改变。ELISA结果显示:模型组大鼠发作期及间歇期血清BDNF水平高于干预组发作期及间歇期和对照组(P<0.05),无性别差异(P>0.05)。免疫组化结果显示:模型组大鼠发作期三叉神经节细胞内BDNF、TrkB、p-ERK、p-CREB的蛋白水平高于干预组发作期及间歇期和对照组(P<0.05),无性别差异(P>0.05)。结论头痛宁胶囊可能通过下调BDNF、TrkB、p-ERK、p-CREB蛋白的表达水平来达到防治偏头痛的作用。

Black phosphorus quantum dots induce myocardial inflammatory responses and metabolic disorders in mice

As an ultrasmall derivative of black phosphorus(BP)sheets,BP quantum dots(BP-QDs)have been effectively used in many fields.Currently,information on the cardiotoxicity induced by BP-QDs remains limited.We aimed to evaluate BP-QD-induced cardiac toxicity in mice.Histopathological examination of heart tissue sections was performed.Transcriptome sequencing,real-time quantitative PCR(RT–qPCR),western blotting,and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)assays were used to detect the m RNA and/or protein expression of proinfammatory cytokines,nuclear factor kappa B(NF-κB),phosphatidylinositol3 kinase-protein kinase B(PI3K-AKT),peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma(PPARγ),and glucose/lipid metabolism pathway-related genes.We found that heart weight and heart/body weight index(HBI)were significantly reduced in mice after intragastric administration of 0.1 or 1 mg/kg BP-QDs for 28 days.In addition,obvious infammatory cell infiltration and increased cardiomyocyte diameter were observed in the BP-QD-treated groups.Altered expression of proinfammatory cytokines and genes related to the NF-κB signaling pathway further confirmed that BP-QD exposure induced infammatory responses.In addition,BP-QD treatment also affected the PI3K-AKT,PPARγ,thermogenesis,oxidative phosphorylation,and cardiac muscle contraction signaling pathways.The expression of genes related to glucose/lipid metabolism signaling pathways was dramatically affected by BP-QD exposure,and the effect was primarily mediated by the PPAR signaling pathway.Our study provides new insights into the toxicity of BP-QDs to human health.

顺铂通过CREB1诱导乙肝病毒再激活的实验研究

目的:探索顺铂诱导乙型肝炎病毒(hepatitis B virus,HBV)再激活的机制。方法:将稳定表达HBV的肝癌细胞系HepAD38分为2组,即磷酸盐缓冲液(phosphate buffered saline,PBS)对照组及顺铂(Cisplatin)处理组,分别检测cAMP应答元件结合蛋白质-1(cAMP responsive element binding protein 1,CREB1)、乙肝病毒蛋白表达(HBsAg、HBcAg)及病毒复制水平(HBV DNA、HBV mRNA);同样在成功构建稳定敲低CREB1(shCREB1)的HepAD38细胞中,同正常表达HBV的肝癌细胞系HepAD38进行对照,检测经顺铂处理后的HBV复制水平(HBV DNA、HBV m RNA)及蛋白表达水平(HBsAg、HBcAg)。结果:稳定表达HBV的肝癌细胞系HepAD38中,Western blot检测显示,与PBS对照组相比,Cisplatin处理组中CREB1相对表达量为1.355±0.049(P=0.010);HBsAg蛋白相对表达量为1.679±0.060(P=0.003);HBcAg蛋白相对表达量为1.488±0.047(P=0.005)。qRTPCR结果显示经顺铂处理后,HBV DNA绝对表达量为249.600±54.400(P=0.006);HBV m RNA相对表达量为3.084±0.256(P=0.000);以上结果表明在HepAD38细胞中乙肝病毒蛋白表达水平以及病毒复制水平较PBS对照组明显上调,均具有统计学差异;与此同时,选择转入shCREB1质粒的HepAD38细胞,即shCREB1细胞,以及转入对照质粒且能正常表达CREB1的HepAD38细胞,即shControl细胞,2种细胞组内均设置PBS对照组和Cisplatin处理组,分别检测乙肝病毒蛋白表达以及病毒复制水平。qRT-PCR结果显示,HBV DNA在shControl细胞的Cisplatin处理组相对表达量为518.300±3.458;而在shCREB1细胞的Cisplatin处理组相对表达量为265.300±3.125 (P=0.000);HBV m RNA在shControl细胞的Cisplatin处理组相对表达量为2.713±0.318;而在shCREB1细胞的Cisplatin处理组相对表达量为1.263±0.056(P=0.000)。Western blot分析显示shControl细胞的Cisplatin处理组中的HBsAg、HBcAg相对表达量分别为1.254±0.001、2.238±0.041;而在shCREB1细胞的Cisplatin处理组中的HBsAg、HBcAg相对表达量分别为1.121±0.036(P=0.021)、1.681±0.015(P=0.000)。结论:顺铂可以通过CREB1促进乙肝病毒复制水平以及蛋白表达水平上调。

藏花素通过PI3K/Akt信号途径对阿尔茨海默病细胞模型海马神经元凋亡及P-CREB表达水平的影响

目的研究藏花素通过磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶/蛋白激酶B(PI3K/Akt)信号途径对阿尔茨海默病(AD)细胞模型海马神经元凋亡及磷酸化环磷酸腺苷(cAMP)反应序列结合蛋白(P-CREB)表达水平的影响。方法原代培养大鼠海马神经元,倒置显微镜观察细胞正常生长。海马神经元被分为正常组、藏花素组,其中藏花素组细胞用Aβ25~35孵育制备成AD细胞模型,并加入不同终浓度的藏花素(0μmol、1μmol、3μmol、10μmol),正常组直接加入等体积空白溶剂。采用MTT法检测神经元存活分数,采用TUNEL染色检测海马神经元凋亡情况,蛋白质印迹法(Western Blot)检测PI3K/Akt信号途径相关蛋白(PI3K、Akt、Bcl-2和Bax)以及P-CREB表达水平,荧光定量聚合酶链式反应(RT-PCR)检测PI3K/Akt信号途径相关蛋白mRNA表达水平。结果藏花素组神经元存活分数低于正常组,凋亡细胞数高于正常组,其中经过Aβ25~35处理后,随着藏花素浓度的增加,神经元存活分数增加,凋亡细胞数降低(P<0.05)。藏花素各剂量组PI3K、AKT、Bcl-2、P-CREB蛋白以及mRNA表达水平低于正常组,而Bax蛋白以及mRNA高于正常组,其中经过Aβ25~35处理后,随着藏花素浓度的增加,PI3K、Akt、Bcl-2、P-CREB蛋白以及mRNA表达水平均增加,而Bax蛋白以及mRNA表达水平降低(P<0.05)。结论藏花素可通过调控PI3K/Akt信号途径以及促进P-CREB表达,从而发挥海马神经元保护作用,抑制细胞凋亡。