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Inhibition of protein degradation increases the Bt protein concentration in Bt cotton 被引量:1
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作者 Yuting Liu Hanjia Li +6 位作者 Yuan Chen Tambel Leila.I.M Zhenyu Liu Shujuan Wu Siqi Sun Xiang Zhang Dehua Chen 《Journal of Integrative Agriculture》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2024年第6期1897-1909,共13页
Bacillus thuringiensis(Bt)cotton production is challenged by two main problems,i.e.,the low concentration of Bt protein at the boll setting stage and the lowest insect resistance in bolls among all the cotton plant’s... Bacillus thuringiensis(Bt)cotton production is challenged by two main problems,i.e.,the low concentration of Bt protein at the boll setting stage and the lowest insect resistance in bolls among all the cotton plant’s organs.Therefore,increasing the Bt protein concentration at the boll stage,especially in bolls,has become the main goal for increasing insect resistance in cotton.In this study,two protein degradation inhibitors(ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid(EDTA)and leupeptin)were sprayed on the bolls,subtending leaves,and whole cotton plants at the peak flowering stage of two Bt cultivars(medium maturation Sikang 1(SK1))and early maturation Zhongmian 425(ZM425)in 2019 and 2020.The Bt protein content and protein degradation metabolism were assessed.The results showed that the Bt protein concentrations were enhanced by 21.3 to 38.8%and 25.0 to 38.6%in the treated bolls of SK1 and ZM425 respectively,while they were decreased in the subtending leaves of these treated bolls.In the treated leaves,the Bt protein concentrations increased by 7.6 to 23.5%and 11.2 to 14.9%in SK1 and ZM425,respectively.The combined application of EDTA and leupeptin to the whole cotton plant increased the Bt protein concentrations in both bolls and subtending leaves.The Bt protein concentrations in bolls were higher,increasing by 22.5 to 31.0%and 19.6 to 32.5%for SK1 and ZM425,respectively.The organs treated with EDTA or/and leupeptin showed reduced free amino acid contents,protease and peptidase activities and significant enhancements in soluble protein contents.These results indicated that inhibiting protein degradation could improve the protein content,thus increasing the Bt protein concentrations in the bolls or/and leaves of cotton plants.Therefore,the increase in the Bt protein concentration without yield reduction suggested that these two protein degradation inhibitors may be applicable for improving insect resistance in cotton production. 展开更多
关键词 Bt cotton Bt protein inhibition of protein degradation protein degradation metabolism
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Major royal-jelly proteins intake modulates immune functions and gut microbiota in mice 被引量:2
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作者 Hang Wu Shican Zhou +7 位作者 Wenjuan Ning Xiao Wu Xiaoxiao Xu Zejin Liu Wenhua Liu Kun Liu Lirong Shen Junpeng Wang 《Food Science and Human Wellness》 SCIE CSCD 2024年第1期444-453,共10页
In this study,we investigated the effects of major royal jelly proteins(MRJPs)on the estrogen,gut microbiota,and immunological responses in mice.Mice given 250 or 500 mg/kg,not 125 mg/kg of MRJPs,enhanced the prolifer... In this study,we investigated the effects of major royal jelly proteins(MRJPs)on the estrogen,gut microbiota,and immunological responses in mice.Mice given 250 or 500 mg/kg,not 125 mg/kg of MRJPs,enhanced the proliferation of splenocytes in response to mitogens.The splenocytes and mesenteric lymphocytes activated by T-cell mitogens(Con A and anti-CD3/CD28 antibodies)released high levels of IL-2 but low levels of IFN-γand IL-17A.The release of IL-4 was unaffected by MRJPs.Additionally,splenocytes and mesenteric lymphocytes activated by LPS were prevented by MRJPs at the same dose as that required for producing IL-1βand IL-6,two pro-inflammatory cytokines.The production of IL-1β,IL-6,and IFN-γwas negatively associated with estrogen levels,which were higher in the MRJP-treated animals than in the control group.Analysis of the gut microbiota revealed that feeding mice 250 mg/kg of MRJPs maintained the stability of the natural intestinal microflora of mice.Additionally,the LEf Se analysis identified biomarkers in the MRJP-treated mice,including Prevotella,Bacillales,Enterobacteriales,Gammaproteobacteria,Candidatus_Arthromitus,and Shigella.Our results showed that MRJPs are important components of royal jelly that modulate host immunity and hormone levels and help maintain gut microbiota stability. 展开更多
关键词 Major royal-jelly proteins Immunity ESTROGEN Gut microbiota Cytokines
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The pathogenic mechanism of TAR DNA-binding protein 43(TDP-43)in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 被引量:2
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作者 Xinxin Wang Yushu Hu Renshi Xu 《Neural Regeneration Research》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2024年第4期800-806,共7页
The onset of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is usually characterized by focal death of both upper and/or lower motor neurons occurring in the motor cortex,basal ganglia,brainstem,and spinal cord,and commonly involves t... The onset of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is usually characterized by focal death of both upper and/or lower motor neurons occurring in the motor cortex,basal ganglia,brainstem,and spinal cord,and commonly involves the muscles of the upper and/or lower extremities,and the muscles of the bulbar and/or respiratory regions.However,as the disease progresses,it affects the adjacent body regions,leading to generalized muscle weakness,occasionally along with memory,cognitive,behavioral,and language impairments;respiratory dysfunction occurs at the final stage of the disease.The disease has a complicated pathophysiology and currently,only riluzole,edaravone,and phenylbutyrate/taurursodiol are licensed to treat amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in many industrialized countries.The TAR DNA-binding protein 43 inclusions are observed in 97%of those diagnosed with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.This review provides a preliminary overview of the potential effects of TAR DNAbinding protein 43 in the pathogenesis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis,including the abnormalities in nucleoplasmic transport,RNA function,post-translational modification,liquid-liquid phase separation,stress granules,mitochondrial dysfunction,oxidative stress,axonal transport,protein quality control system,and non-cellular autonomous functions(e.g.,glial cell functions and prion-like propagation). 展开更多
关键词 amyotrophic lateral sclerosis axonal transport liquid-liquid phase separation noncellular autonomous functions oxidative stress PATHOGENESIS post-translational modification protein quality control system stress granules TAR DNA-binding protein 43(TDP-43)
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Impact of apolipoprotein E isoforms on sporadic Alzheimer's disease:beyond the role of amyloid beta 被引量:3
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作者 Madia Lozupone Francesco Panza 《Neural Regeneration Research》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2024年第1期80-83,共4页
The impact of apolipoprotein E(ApoE)isoforms on sporadic Alzheimer's disease has long been studied;however,the influences of apolipoprotein E gene(APOE)on healthy and pathological human brains are not fully unders... The impact of apolipoprotein E(ApoE)isoforms on sporadic Alzheimer's disease has long been studied;however,the influences of apolipoprotein E gene(APOE)on healthy and pathological human brains are not fully understood.ApoE exists as three common isoforms(ApoE2,ApoE3,and ApoE4),which differ in two amino acid residues.Traditionally,ApoE binds cholesterol and phospholipids and ApoE isoforms display diffe rent affinities for their receptors,lipids transport and distribution in the brain and periphery.The role of ApoE in the human depends on ApoE isoforms,brain regions,aging,and neural injury.APOE E4 is the strongest genetic risk factor for sporadic Alzheimer's disease,considering its role in influencing amyloid-beta metabolism.The exact mechanisms by which APOE gene variants may increase or decrease Alzheimer's disease risk are not fully understood,but APOE was also known to affect directly and indirectly tau-mediated neurodegeneration,lipids metabolism,neurovascular unit,and microglial function.Consistent with the biological function of ApoE,ApoE4 isoform significantly alte red signaling pathways associated with cholesterol homeostasis,transport,and myelination.Also,the rare protective APOE variants confirm that ApoE plays an important role in Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis.The objectives of the present mini-review were to describe classical and new roles of various ApoE isoforms in Alzheimer's disease pathophysiology beyond the deposition of amyloid-beta and to establish a functional link between APOE,brain function,and memory,from a molecular to a clinical level.APOE genotype also exerted a heterogeneous effect on clinical Alzheimer's disease phenotype and its outcomes.Not only in learning and memory but also in neuro psychiatric symptoms that occur in a premorbid condition.Cla rifying the relationships between Alzheimer's disease-related pathology with neuropsychiatric symptoms,particularly suicidal ideation in Alzheimer's disease patients,may be useful for elucidating also the underlying pathophysiological process and its prognosis.Also,the effects of anti-amyloid-beta drugs,recently approved for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease,could be influenced by the APOE genotype. 展开更多
关键词 Alzheimer's disease AMYLOID-BETA apolipoprotein E DEMENTIA glymphatic transport LIPIDS neuropsychiatric symptoms neurovascular unit tau protein
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GmSTF accumulation mediated by DELLA protein GmRGAs contributes to coordinating light and gibberellin signaling to reduce plant height in soybean 被引量:1
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作者 Zhuang Li Qichao Tu +7 位作者 Xiangguang Lyu Qican Cheng Ronghuan Ji Chao Qin Jun Liu Bin Liu Hongyu Li Tao Zhao 《The Crop Journal》 SCIE CSCD 2024年第2期432-442,共11页
Plant height influences plant architecture,lodging resistance,and yield performance.It is modulated by gibberellic acid(GA)metabolism and signaling.DELLA proteins,acting as central repressors of GA signaling,integrate... Plant height influences plant architecture,lodging resistance,and yield performance.It is modulated by gibberellic acid(GA)metabolism and signaling.DELLA proteins,acting as central repressors of GA signaling,integrate various environmental and hormonal signals to regulate plant growth and development in Arabidopsis.We examined the role of two DELLA proteins,GmRGAa and GmRGAb,in soybean plant height control.Knockout of these proteins led to longer internodes and increased plant height,primarily by increasing cell elongation.GmRGAs functioned under different light conditions,including red,blue,and far-red light,to repress plant height.Interaction studies revealed that GmRGAs interacted with the blue light receptor GmCRY1b.Consistent with this,GmCRY1b partially regulated plant height via GmRGAs.Additionally,DELLA proteins were found to stabilize the protein GmSTF1/2,a key positive regulator of photomorphogenesis.This stabilization led to increased transcription of GmGA2ox-7b and subsequent reduction in plant height.This study enhances our understanding of DELLA-mediated plant height control,offering Gmrgaab mutants for soybean structure and yield optimization. 展开更多
关键词 DELLA protein GmRGAs GmSTFs Plant height SOYBEAN
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Responses of growth performance,antioxidant function,small intestinal morphology and mRNA expression of jejunal tight junction protein to dietary iron in yellow-feathered broilers 被引量:1
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作者 Kaiwen Lei Hao Wu +4 位作者 Jerry W Spears Xi Lin Xi Wang Xue Bai Yanling Huang 《Journal of Integrative Agriculture》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2024年第4期1329-1337,共9页
This study aimed to investigate the dose-effect of iron on growth performance,antioxidant function.intestinal morphology,and mRNA expression of jejunal tight junction protein in 1-to21-d-old yellow-feathered broilers.... This study aimed to investigate the dose-effect of iron on growth performance,antioxidant function.intestinal morphology,and mRNA expression of jejunal tight junction protein in 1-to21-d-old yellow-feathered broilers.A total of 7201-d-old yellow-feathered maleb roilers were allocated to 9 treatments with 8 replicate cages of 10 birds per cage.The dietary treatments were consisted of a basal diet(contained 79.6 mg Fe kg^(-1))supplemented with 0,20,40,60,80,160,320,640,and 1,280 mg Fe kg^(-1)in the form of FeSO_(4)·7H_(2)O.Compared with the birds in the control group,birds supplemented with 20mg Fe kg^(-1)had higher average daily gain(ADG)(P<0.0001).Adding 640 and 1,280 mg Fe kg^(-1)significantly decreased ADG(P<0.0001)and average daily feed intake(ADFI)(P<0.0001)compared with supplementation of 20mg Fe kg^(-1).Malondialdehyde(MDA)concentration in plasma and duodenum increased linearly(P<0.0001),but MDA concentration in liver and jejunum increased linearly(P<0.05)or quadratically(P<0.05)with increased dietary Fe concentration.The villus height(VH)in duodenum and jejunum,and the ratio of villus height to crypt depth(V/C)in duodenum decreased linearly(P?0.05)as dietary Feincreased.As dietary Fe increased,the jejunal relative mRNA abundance of claudin-1 decreased linearly(P=0.001),but the jejunal relative mRNA abundance of zona occludens-1(ZO-1)and occludin decreased linearly(P?0.05)or quadratically(P?0.05).Compared with the supplementation of 20 mg Fe kg^(-1),the supplementation of640 mg Fe kg^(-1)or higher increased(P?0.05)MDA concentrations in plasma,duodenum,and jejunum,decreased VH in the duodenum and jejunum,and the addition of 1,280 mg Fe kg^(-1)reduced(P?0.05)the jejunal tight junction protein(claudin-1,ZO-1,occludin)mRNA abundance.In summary,640 mg of supplemental Fe kg^(-1)or greater was associated with decreased growth performance,increased oxidative stress,disrupted intestinal morphology,and reduced mRNA expression of jejunal tight junction protein. 展开更多
关键词 IRON yellow-feathered broiler antioxidant function intestinal morphology tight junction protein
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Emulsifying property,antioxidant activity,and bitterness of soybean protein isolate hydrolysate obtained by Corolase PP under high hydrostatic pressure 被引量:1
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作者 Haining Guan Chunmei Feng +3 位作者 Min Ren Xiaojun Xu Dengyong Liu Xiaoqin Diao 《Food Science and Human Wellness》 SCIE CSCD 2024年第3期1271-1278,共8页
Enzymatic hydrolysis of proteins can enhance their emulsifying properties and antioxidant activities.However,the problem related to the hydrolysis of proteins was the generation of the bitter taste.Recently,high hydro... Enzymatic hydrolysis of proteins can enhance their emulsifying properties and antioxidant activities.However,the problem related to the hydrolysis of proteins was the generation of the bitter taste.Recently,high hydrostatic pressure(HHP)treatment has attracted much interest and has been used in several studies on protein modification.Hence,the study aimed to investigate the effects of enzymatic hydrolysis by Corolase PP under different pressure treatments(0.1,100,200,and 300 MPa for 1-5 h at 50℃)on the emulsifying property,antioxidant activity,and bitterness of soybean protein isolate hydrolysate(SPIH).As observed,the hydrolysate obtained at 200 MPa for 4 h had the highest emulsifying activity index(47.49 m^(2)/g)and emulsifying stability index(92.98%),and it had higher antioxidant activities(44.77%DPPH free radical scavenging activity,31.12%superoxide anion radical scavenging activity,and 61.50%copper ion chelating activity).At the same time,the enhancement of emulsion stability was related to the increase of zeta potential and the decrease of mean particle size.In addition,the hydrolysate obtained at 200 MPa for 4 h had a lower bitterness value and showed better palatability.This study has a broad application prospect in developing food ingredients and healthy foods. 展开更多
关键词 Soybean protein isolate High hydrostatic pressure EMULSIFICATION ANTIOXIDANT Bitter taste
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蛇床子素通过NF-kB信号通路调控退变髓核细胞的细胞外基质表达、炎症反应及凋亡 被引量:1
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作者 高峰 于喜微 李晨辰 《中华中医药学刊》 CAS 北大核心 2024年第3期142-146,共5页
目的 研究蛇床子素对退变髓核细胞的细胞外基质表达、炎症反应和凋亡的作用及其潜在机制。方法 采用氧糖剥夺(Oxygen Glucose Deprivation, OGD)培养建立退变髓核细胞模型,将细胞分为:对照组(正常培养)、OGD组(OGD培养)、蛇床子素组(OG... 目的 研究蛇床子素对退变髓核细胞的细胞外基质表达、炎症反应和凋亡的作用及其潜在机制。方法 采用氧糖剥夺(Oxygen Glucose Deprivation, OGD)培养建立退变髓核细胞模型,将细胞分为:对照组(正常培养)、OGD组(OGD培养)、蛇床子素组(OGD培养+蛇床子素处理)、PDTC组(OGD培养+NF-κB通路抑制剂PDTC处理)和蛇床子素+PDTC组(OGD培养+蛇床子素+PDTC处理)。采用Western blot检测细胞中Ⅱ型胶原(Collagen typeⅡ,Col2al)、聚集蛋白聚糖(Aggrecan)、P65和p-P65蛋白表达,ELISA法检测细胞培养液中炎性因子血清白细胞介素-1β(interleukin-1 β,IL-1β),白细胞介素-6(interleukin-6,IL-6)和肿瘤坏死因子-α(Tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)的水平,流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡率。结果 与对照组比较,OGD组细胞中Col2al、Aggrecan蛋白相对表达水平明显降低,细胞培养液中IL-1β、IL-6和TNF-α水平升高,细胞凋亡率明显升高,细胞中p-P65蛋白表达明显升高;与OGD组比较,蛇床子素组和PDTC组细胞中Col2al、Aggrecan蛋白相对表达水平明显升高,细胞培养液中IL-1β、IL-6和TNF-α水平降低,细胞凋亡率明显降低,细胞中p-P65蛋白表达明显降低,而蛇床子素+PDTC组上述指标改变最为明显。结论 蛇床子素可能通过抑制核因子激活的B细胞的κ轻链增强(nuclear factorκB,NF-κB)信号通路的活性,促进退变髓核细胞的细胞外基质合成、抑制退变髓核细胞的炎症反应和凋亡。 展开更多
关键词 髓核细胞 蛇床子素 nf-kb信号通路 细胞外基质 炎症反应 凋亡
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Crosstalk between Wnt and bone morphogenetic protein signaling during osteogenic differentiati 被引量:2
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作者 Pakkath Narayanan Arya Iyyappan Saranya Nagarajan Selvamurugan 《World Journal of Stem Cells》 SCIE 2024年第2期102-113,共12页
Mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)originate from many sources,including the bone marrow and adipose tissue,and differentiate into various cell types,such as osteoblasts and adipocytes.Recent studies on MSCs have revealed th... Mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)originate from many sources,including the bone marrow and adipose tissue,and differentiate into various cell types,such as osteoblasts and adipocytes.Recent studies on MSCs have revealed that many transcription factors and signaling pathways control osteogenic development.Osteogenesis is the process by which new bones are formed;it also aids in bone remodeling.Wnt/β-catenin and bone morphogenetic protein(BMP)signaling pathways are involved in many cellular processes and considered to be essential for life.Wnt/β-catenin and BMPs are important for bone formation in mammalian development and various regulatory activities in the body.Recent studies have indicated that these two signaling pathways contribute to osteogenic differen-tiation.Active Wnt signaling pathway promotes osteogenesis by activating the downstream targets of the BMP signaling pathway.Here,we briefly review the molecular processes underlying the crosstalk between these two pathways and explain their participation in osteogenic differentiation,emphasizing the canonical pathways.This review also discusses the crosstalk mechanisms of Wnt/BMP signaling with Notch-and extracellular-regulated kinases in osteogenic differentiation and bone development. 展开更多
关键词 BONE Mesenchymal stem cells Osteogenic differentiation WNT/Β-CATENIN Bone morphogenetic proteins
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Interplay between the glymphatic system and neurotoxic proteins in Parkinson’s disease and related disorders:current knowledge and future directions 被引量:1
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作者 Yumei Yue Xiaodan Zhang +2 位作者 Wen Lv Hsin-Yi Lai Ting Shen 《Neural Regeneration Research》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2024年第9期1973-1980,共8页
Parkinson’s disease is a common neurodegenerative disorder that is associated with abnormal aggregation and accumulation of neurotoxic proteins,includingα-synuclein,amyloid-β,and tau,in addition to the impaired eli... Parkinson’s disease is a common neurodegenerative disorder that is associated with abnormal aggregation and accumulation of neurotoxic proteins,includingα-synuclein,amyloid-β,and tau,in addition to the impaired elimination of these neurotoxic protein.Atypical parkinsonism,which has the same clinical presentation and neuropathology as Parkinson’s disease,expands the disease landscape within the continuum of Parkinson’s disease and related disorders.The glymphatic system is a waste clearance system in the brain,which is responsible for eliminating the neurotoxic proteins from the interstitial fluid.Impairment of the glymphatic system has been proposed as a significant contributor to the development and progression of neurodegenerative disease,as it exacerbates the aggregation of neurotoxic proteins and deteriorates neuronal damage.Therefore,impairment of the glymphatic system could be considered as the final common pathway to neurodegeneration.Previous evidence has provided initial insights into the potential effect of the impaired glymphatic system on Parkinson’s disease and related disorders;however,many unanswered questions remain.This review aims to provide a comprehensive summary of the growing literature on the glymphatic system in Parkinson’s disease and related disorders.The focus of this review is on identifying the manifestations and mechanisms of interplay between the glymphatic system and neurotoxic proteins,including loss of polarization of aquaporin-4 in astrocytic endfeet,sleep and circadian rhythms,neuroinflammation,astrogliosis,and gliosis.This review further delves into the underlying pathophysiology of the glymphatic system in Parkinson’s disease and related disorders,and the potential implications of targeting the glymphatic system as a novel and promising therapeutic strategy. 展开更多
关键词 atypical parkinsonism glymphatic system magnetic resonance imaging neurotoxic proteins Parkinson’s disease
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Dihydroartemisinin ameliorates innate inflammatory response induced by Streptococcus suis-derived muramidase-released protein via inactivation of TLR4-dependent NF-kB signaling
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作者 Yun Ji Kaiji Sun +1 位作者 Ying Yang Zhenlong Wu 《Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2023年第10期1183-1194,共12页
Muramidase-released protein(MRP)is now being recognized as a critical indicator of the virulence and pathogenicity of Streptococcus suis(S.suis).However,the identification of viable therapeutics for S.suis infection w... Muramidase-released protein(MRP)is now being recognized as a critical indicator of the virulence and pathogenicity of Streptococcus suis(S.suis).However,the identification of viable therapeutics for S.suis infection was hindered by the absence of an explicit mechanism for MRP-actuated inflammation.Dihydroartemisinin(DhA)is an artemisinin derivative with potential anti-inflammatory activity.The modulatory effect of DhA on the inflammatory response mediated by the virulence factor MRP remains obscure.This research aimed to identify the signaling mechanism by which MRP triggers the innate immune response in mouse spleen and cultured macrophages.With the candidate mechanism in mind,we investigated DhA for its ability to dampen the pro-inflammatory response induced by MRP.The innate immune response in mice was drastically triggered by MRP,manifesting as splenic and systemic inflammation with splenomegaly,immune cell infiltration,and an elevation in pro-inflammatory cytokines.A crucial role for Toll-like receptor 4(TLR4)in coordinating the MRP-mediated inflammatory response via nuclear factor-kappa B(NF-kB)activation was revealed by TLR4 blockade.In addition,NFkB-dependent transducer and activator of transcription 3(STAT3)and mitogen-activated protein kinases(MAPKs)activation was required for the inflammatory signal transduction engendered by MRP.Intriguingly,we observed an alleviation effect of DhA on the MRP-induced immune response,which referred to the suppression of TLR4-mediated actuation of NF-kB-STAT3/MAPK cascades.The inflammatory response elicited by MRP is relevant to TLR4-dependent NF-kB activation,followed by an increase in the activity of STAT3 or MAPKs.DhA mitigates the inflammation process induced by MRP via blocking the TLR4 cascade,highlighting the therapeutic potential of DhA in targeting S.suis infection diseases. 展开更多
关键词 DIHYDROARTEMISININ Inflammation Muramidase-released protein Streptococcus suis Toll-like receptor 4
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Optimizing the Bacillus thuringiensis(Bt)protein concentration in cotton:Coordinated application of exogenous amino acids and EDTA to reduce spatiotemporal variability in boll and leaf toxins 被引量:1
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作者 Zhenyu Liu Shu Dong +8 位作者 Yuting Liu Hanjia Li Fuqin Zhou Junfeng Ding Zixu Zhao Yinglong Chen Xiang Zhang Yuan Chen Dehua Chen 《Journal of Integrative Agriculture》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2024年第10期3419-3436,共18页
During the boll formation stage,cotton bolls exhibit the lowest expression of Bacillus thuringiensis(Bt)insecticidal proteins.Resistance to insects varies notably among different organs,which poses challenges for cont... During the boll formation stage,cotton bolls exhibit the lowest expression of Bacillus thuringiensis(Bt)insecticidal proteins.Resistance to insects varies notably among different organs,which poses challenges for controlling cotton bollworms.Consequently,an experimental strategy was designed in the 2020-2021 cotton growing season to coordinate the enhancement of protein synthesis and the attenuation of degradation.Two Bt cultivars of Gossypium hirsutum,namely the hybrid Sikang 3 and the conventional Sikang 1,were used as test materials.Three treatments were applied at the peak flowering period:CK(the control),T1(amino acids),and T2(amino acids and EDTA).The results show that,in comparison to the CK group,the Bt protein contents were significantly increased in both cotton bolls and their subtending leaves under the T1 and T2 treatments.The maximum levels of increase observed were 67.5%in cotton bolls and 21.7%in leaves.Moreover,the disparity in Bt protein content between cotton bolls and their subtending leaves notably decreased by 31.2%.Correlation analysis suggested that the primary physiological mechanisms for augmenting Bt protein content involve increased protein synthesis and reduced protein catabolism,which are independent of Bt gene expression levels.Stepwise regression and path analysis revealed that elevating the soluble protein content and transaminase activity,while reducing the catabolic enzyme activities,are instrumental in enhancing the Bt protein content.Consequently,the coordinated application of amino acids and EDTA emerges as a strategy that can improve the overall resistance of Bt cotton and mitigate the spatiotemporal variations in Bt toxin concentrations in both cotton bolls and leaves. 展开更多
关键词 Gossypium hirsutum Bt cotton insecticidal protein bolls and their subtending leaves nitrogen metabolism
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Effects of improved amino acid balance diet on lysine mammary utilization, whole body protein turnover and muscle protein breakdown on lactating sows
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作者 Sai Zhang Juan C.Marini +4 位作者 Vengai Mavangira Andrew Claude Julie Moore Mahmoud A.Mohammad Nathalie L.Trottier 《Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2024年第5期2031-2043,共13页
Background The study objective was to test the hypothesis that low crude protein(CP)diet with crystalline amino acids(CAA)supplementation improves Lys utilization efficiency for milk production and reduces protein tur... Background The study objective was to test the hypothesis that low crude protein(CP)diet with crystalline amino acids(CAA)supplementation improves Lys utilization efficiency for milk production and reduces protein turnover and muscle protein breakdown.Eighteen lactating multiparous Yorkshire sows were allotted to 1 of 2 isocaloric diets(10.80 MJ/kg net energy):control(CON;19.24%CP)and reduced CP with“optimal”AA profile(OPT;14.00%CP).Sow body weight and backfat were recorded on d 1 and 21 of lactation and piglets were weighed on d 1,14,18,and 21 of lactation.Between d 14 and 18,a subset of 9 sows(CON=4,OPT=5)was infused with a mixed solution of 3-[methyl-2H3]histidine(bolus injection)and[13C]bicarbonate(priming dose)first,then a constant 2-h[13C]bicarbonate infusion followed by a 6-h primed constant[1-13C]lysine infusion.Serial blood and milk sampling were performed to determine plasma and milk Lys enrichment,Lys oxidation rate,whole body protein turnover,and muscle protein breakdown.Results Over the 21-d lactation period,compared to CON,sows fed OPT had greater litter growth rate(P<0.05).Compared to CON,sows fed OPT had greater efficiency of Lys(P<0.05),Lys mammary flux(P<0.01)and whole-body protein turnover efficiency(P<0.05).Compared to CON,sows fed OPT tended to have lower whole body protein breakdown rate(P=0.069).Muscle protein breakdown rate did not differ between OPT and CON(P=0.197).Conclusion Feeding an improved AA balance diet increased efficiency of Lys and reduced whole-body protein turnover and protein breakdown.These results imply that the lower maternal N retention observed in lactating sows fed improved AA balance diets in previous studies may be a result of greater partitioning of AA towards milk rather than greater body protein breakdown. 展开更多
关键词 Amino acid Efficiency Lactating sows protein breakdown protein turnover Reduced protein diet
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Mutation in a non-force-bearing region of protein L influences force-dependent unfolding behavior
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作者 蒋环杰 王艳伟 +4 位作者 陈家媛 胡丹 潘海 郭子龙 陈虎 《Chinese Physics B》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2024年第7期624-629,共6页
Single-molecule magnetic tweezers(MTs) have revealed multiple transition barriers along the unfolding pathway of several two-state proteins, such as GB1 and Csp. In this study, we utilized MTs to measure the force-dep... Single-molecule magnetic tweezers(MTs) have revealed multiple transition barriers along the unfolding pathway of several two-state proteins, such as GB1 and Csp. In this study, we utilized MTs to measure the force-dependent folding and unfolding rates of both protein L(PLWT) and its Y47W mutant(PLY47W) where the mutation point is not at the force-bearing β-strands. The measurements were conducted within a force range of 3–120 pN. Notably, the unfolding rates of both PLWT and PWY47W exhibit distinct force sensitivities below 50 pN and above 60 pN, implying a two-barrier free energy landscape. Both PLWT and PLY47W share the same force-dependent folding rate and the same transition barriers,but the unfolding rate of PLY47W is faster than that of PLWT. Our finding demonstrates that the residue outside of the force-bearing region will also affect the force-induced unfolding dynamics. 展开更多
关键词 protein folding magnetic tweezers protein L
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Essential proteins identification method based on four-order distances and subcellular localization information
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作者 卢鹏丽 钟雨 杨培实 《Chinese Physics B》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2024年第1期765-772,共8页
Essential proteins are inseparable in cell growth and survival. The study of essential proteins is important for understanding cellular functions and biological mechanisms. Therefore, various computable methods have b... Essential proteins are inseparable in cell growth and survival. The study of essential proteins is important for understanding cellular functions and biological mechanisms. Therefore, various computable methods have been proposed to identify essential proteins. Unfortunately, most methods based on network topology only consider the interactions between a protein and its neighboring proteins, and not the interactions with its higher-order distance proteins. In this paper, we propose the DSEP algorithm in which we integrated network topology properties and subcellular localization information in protein–protein interaction(PPI) networks based on four-order distances, and then used random walks to identify the essential proteins. We also propose a method to calculate the finite-order distance of the network, which can greatly reduce the time complexity of our algorithm. We conducted a comprehensive comparison of the DSEP algorithm with 11 existing classical algorithms to identify essential proteins with multiple evaluation methods. The results show that DSEP is superior to these 11 methods. 展开更多
关键词 proteinprotein interaction(PPI)network essential proteins four-order distances subcellular localization information
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Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound reduces alveolar bone resorption during orthodontic treatment via Lamin A/C-Yes-associated protein axis in stem cells 被引量:1
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作者 Tong Wu Fu Zheng +7 位作者 Hong-Yi Tang Hua-Zhi Li Xin-Yu Cui Shuai Ding Duo Liu Cui-Ying Li Jiu-Hui Jiang Rui-Li Yang 《World Journal of Stem Cells》 SCIE 2024年第3期267-286,共20页
BACKGROUND The bone remodeling during orthodontic treatment for malocclusion often requires a long duration of around two to three years,which also may lead to some complications such as alveolar bone resorption or to... BACKGROUND The bone remodeling during orthodontic treatment for malocclusion often requires a long duration of around two to three years,which also may lead to some complications such as alveolar bone resorption or tooth root resorption.Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound(LIPUS),a noninvasive physical therapy,has been shown to promote bone fracture healing.It is also reported that LIPUS could reduce the duration of orthodontic treatment;however,how LIPUS regulates the bone metabolism during the orthodontic treatment process is still unclear.AIM To investigate the effects of LIPUS on bone remodeling in an orthodontic tooth movement(OTM)model and explore the underlying mechanisms.METHODS A rat model of OTM was established,and alveolar bone remodeling and tooth movement rate were evaluated via micro-computed tomography and staining of tissue sections.In vitro,human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(hBMSCs)were isolated to detect their osteogenic differentiation potential under compression and LIPUS stimulation by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction,Western blot,alkaline phosphatase(ALP)staining,and Alizarin red staining.The expression of Yes-associated protein(YAP1),the actin cytoskeleton,and the Lamin A/C nucleoskeleton were detected with or without YAP1 small interfering RNA(siRNA)application via immunofluorescence.RESULTS The force treatment inhibited the osteogenic differentiation potential of hBMSCs;moreover,the expression of osteogenesis markers,such as type 1 collagen(COL1),runt-related transcription factor 2,ALP,and osteocalcin(OCN),decreased.LIPUS could rescue the osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs with increased expression of osteogenic marker inhibited by force.Mechanically,the expression of LaminA/C,F-actin,and YAP1 was downregulated after force treatment,which could be rescued by LIPUS.Moreover,the osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs increased by LIPUS could be attenuated by YAP siRNA treatment.Consistently,LIPUS increased alveolar bone density and decreased vertical bone absorption in vivo.The decreased expression of COL1,OCN,and YAP1 on the compression side of the alveolar bone was partially rescued by LIPUS.CONCLUSION LIPUS can accelerate tooth movement and reduce alveolar bone resorption by modulating the cytoskeleton-Lamin A/C-YAP axis,which may be a promising strategy to reduce the orthodontic treatment process. 展开更多
关键词 Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound Bone resorption OSTEOGENESIS Cytoskeleton-Lamin A/C-Yes-associated protein axis Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells Orthodontic tooth movement
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5-Fluorouracil dose escalation generated desensitized colorectal cancer cells with reduced expression of protein methyltransferases and no epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition potential
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作者 KIMBERLY FENECH ISAAC MICALLEF BYRON BARON 《Oncology Research》 SCIE 2024年第6期1047-1061,共15页
Background:Colorectal cancer(CRC)is one of the most frequently diagnosed cancers.In many cases,the poor prognosis of advanced CRC is associated with resistance to treatment with chemotherapeutic drugs such as 5-Fluoro... Background:Colorectal cancer(CRC)is one of the most frequently diagnosed cancers.In many cases,the poor prognosis of advanced CRC is associated with resistance to treatment with chemotherapeutic drugs such as 5-Fluorouracil(5-FU).The epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition(EMT)and dysregulation in protein methylation are two mechanisms associated with chemoresistance in many cancers.This study looked into the effect of 5-FU dose escalation on EMT and protein methylation in CRC.Materials and Methods:HCT-116,Caco-2,and DLD-1 CRC cell lines were exposed to dose escalation treatment of 5-FU.The motility and invasive potentials of the cells before and after treatment with 5-FU were investigated through wound healing and invasion assays.This was followed by aWestern blot which analyzed the protein expressions of the epithelial marker E-cadherin,mesenchymal marker vimentin,and the EMT transcription factor(EMTTF),the snail family transcriptional repressor 1(Snail)in the parental and desensitized cells.Western blotting was also conducted to study the protein expressions of the protein methyltransferases(PMTs),Euchromatic histone lysine methyltransferase 2(EHMT2/G9A),protein arginine methyltransferase(PRMT5),and SET domain containing 7/9(SETD7/9)along with the global lysine and arginine methylation profiles.Results:The dose escalation method generated 5-FU desensitized CRC cells with distinct morphological features and increased tolerance to high doses of 5-FU.The 5-FU desensitized cells experienced a decrease in migration and invasion when compared to the parental cells.This was reflected in the observed reduction in E-cadherin,vimentin,and Snail in the desensitized cell lines.Additionally,the protein expressions of EHMT2/G9A,PRMT5,and SETD7/9 also decreased in the desensitized cells and global protein lysine and arginine methylation became dysregulated with 5-FU treatment.Conclusion:This study showed that continuous,dose-escalation treatment of 5-FU in CRC cells generated 5-FU desensitized cancer cells that seemed to be less aggressive than parental cells. 展开更多
关键词 CHEMORESISTANCE Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition protein methylation protein methyltransferases
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Systematic Analysis of Post-Translational Modifications for Increased Longevity of Biotherapeutic Proteins
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作者 Justin Kim Karanveer Sadiora 《Computational Molecular Bioscience》 2024年第3期125-145,共21页
Protein-based therapeutics (PPTs) are drugs used to treat a variety of different conditions in the human body by alleviating enzymatic deficiencies, augmenting other proteins and drugs, modulating signal pathways, and... Protein-based therapeutics (PPTs) are drugs used to treat a variety of different conditions in the human body by alleviating enzymatic deficiencies, augmenting other proteins and drugs, modulating signal pathways, and more. However, many PPTs struggle from a short half-life due to degradation caused by irreversible protein aggregation in the bloodstream. Currently, the most researched strategies for improving the efficiency and longevity of PPTs are post-translational modifications (PTMs). The goal of our research was to determine which type of PTM increases longevity the most for each of three commonly-used therapeutic proteins by comparing the docking scores (DS) and binding free energies (BFE) from protein aggregation and reception simulations. DS and BFE values were used to create a quantitative index that outputs a relative number from −1 to 1 to show reduced performance, no change, or increased performance. Results showed that methylation was the most beneficial for insulin (p < 0.1) and human growth hormone (p < 0.0001), and both phosphorylation and methylation were somewhat optimal for erythropoietin (p < 0.1 and p < 0.0001, respectively). Acetylation consistently provided the worst benefits with the most negative indices, while methylation had the most positive indices throughout. However, PTM efficacy varied between PPTs, supporting previous studies regarding how each PTM can confer different benefits based on the unique structures of recipient proteins. 展开更多
关键词 Post-Translational Modification protein-Based Therapeutics Therapeutic Half-Life protein Aggregation protein Reception
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γ-Aminobutyric acid alleviates litchi thaumatin-like protein-induced inflammation and reduces gut microbial translocation
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作者 Yao Wang Dongwei Wang +6 位作者 Kai Wang Min Zhao Cizhou Li Yu Wang Xuwei Liu Lei Zhao Zhuoyan Hu 《Food Science and Human Wellness》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2024年第5期3043-3053,共11页
Previous research reported litchi thaumatin-like protein(LcTLP)could lead to inflammation,which is a factor causing the adverse reactions after excessive intake of litchi.As a main amino acid in litchi pulp,γ-aminobu... Previous research reported litchi thaumatin-like protein(LcTLP)could lead to inflammation,which is a factor causing the adverse reactions after excessive intake of litchi.As a main amino acid in litchi pulp,γ-aminobutyric acid(GABA)was found with anti-inflammatory effect.Therefore,this study aimed to investigate the effects of GABA on LcTLP-induced inflammation through RAW264.7 macrophages and C57BL mice models.In vitro study showed GABA could effectively regulate the level of inflammatory cytokines(interleukin(IL)-1β,IL-6,IL-10,and prostaglandin E2)and Ca2+in cells,and inhibit the phosphorylation of p65,IκB,p38,c-Jun N-terminal kinase(JNK)and extracellular signal-regulated kinase(ERK).These results indicate GABA alleviated inflammation through nuclear factor-κB and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway signaling pathways.In vivo experiment was performed to verify the anti-inflammatory effect of GABA,and the results demonstrated that GABA reduced the inflammation and oxidative stress in the liver of LcTLP-treated mice,as it down-regulated the pro-inflammatory cytokines,malondialdehyde,aspartate transferase,and alanine transaminase.The relative expression of phosphorylated p38,JNK and ERK in mice liver with GABA treatment were reduced to 65%,39%and 80%of the control group,respectively.Furthermore,GABA treatment enriched probiotic bacteria and decreased pathogenic bacteria in mice gut,which reveals GABA could effectively reduce the translocation of gut microbiota. 展开更多
关键词 ANTI-INFLAMMATION Gut microbiota Litchi thaumatin-like protein Mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway γ-Aminobutyric acid
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Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) Model-Based Prediction for Protein Content in Cowpea
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作者 Kavera Biradar Waltram Ravelombola +1 位作者 Aurora Manley Caroline Ruhl 《American Journal of Plant Sciences》 CAS 2024年第3期145-160,共16页
Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp) is a multi-purpose legume with high quality protein for human consumption and livestock. The objective of this work was to develop near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) prediction models... Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp) is a multi-purpose legume with high quality protein for human consumption and livestock. The objective of this work was to develop near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) prediction models to estimate protein content in cowpea. A total of 116 cowpea breeding lines with a wide range of protein contents (19.28 % to 32.04%) were selected to build the model using whole seed and ground seed samples. Partial least-squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) regression technique with different pre-treatments (derivatives, standard normal variate, and multiplicative scatter correction) were carried out to develop the protein prediction model. Results showed: 1) spectral plots of both the whole seed and ground seed showed higher spectral scatter at higher wavelengths (>1450 nm), 2) data pre-processing affects prediction accuracy for bot whole seed and ground seed samples, 3) prediction using ground seed samples (0.64 R<sup>2</sup> 0.85) is better than the whole seed (0.33 R<sup>2</sup> 0.78), and 4) the data pre-processing second derivative with standard normal variate has the best prediction (R<sup>2</sup>_whole seed = 0.78, R<sup>2</sup>_ground seed = 0.85). The results will be of interest in cowpea breeding programs aimed at improving total seed protein content. 展开更多
关键词 COWPEA GERMPLASM protein Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) Partial Least Squares (PLS)
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