Effects of N Application Rates and NO_3-N to NH_4-N Ratios on Yield and Quality of Flue-cured Tobacco Planted in Black Soil

A field experiment about effects of nitrogen application rates and different NO3-N to NH4-N ratios on agronomic, chemical and biological characteristics as well as yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco grown in a black soil was conducted from 2004 to 2005 in Heilongjiang Province. The results showed that the nitrogen application rates at 45 kg·hm^-2 with the ratio of 75% NO3-N to 25% NH4-N resulted in the highest potassium and reducing sugar contents in the flue-cured tobacco leaving with the highest quality grade and value. It is recommended that this ni- trogen application rate and NO3-N to NH4-N ratio should be widely applied on flue-cured tobacco grown in the black soil in Heilongjiang Province.

Effect of Free Cells and Additional Supporting Material on Performance of Polyethylene Glycol (PEG)-Pellet Reactor to Treat NH4-N Contaminated Groundwater

To study the effect of free cells (suspended bacteria) on performance of entrapped bacteria system (i.e. polyethylene glycol (PEG)-pellet reactor) to treat NH4-N contaminated groundwater, two PEG-pellet reactors with a lot of free cells - Reactor A containing PEG-pellet and Reactor B containing PEG-pellet and supporting material - and the another control reactor without free cells (Reactor C) were set-up. Three reactors were operated under various NH4-N concentrations (40-60 mg/L) and various temperatures (5-25oC). The results show that the free cells effected on the NH4-N removal efficiency significantly. The free cells developed to be a biofilm layer on the pellet surface for Reactor A, the biofilm layer caused the decreasing NH4-N diffusion and incomplete nitrification eventually. On the other hand, most free cells attached to the supporting material for Reactor B. Although the NH4-N could diffuse properly, the free cells consuming acetate caused the added acetate was insufficient for complete denitrification. However, the results suggest that the supporting material could reduce the effect of free cells on the reactor performance at low temperature as indicated by 1) higher efficiency and 2) lower activation energy (Ea) for nitrification and denitrification in Reactor B than Reactor A.

养殖水体氨氮去除的固定化微生物技术

应用固定化技术 ,将富集培养的硝化活性污泥制成固定化小球 ,对固定化小球在不同条件下其硝化活性的影响进行了研究 ;同时 ,采用摇瓶试验比较了固定化小球和悬浮硝化活性污泥对养鳖污水氨氮的处理效果。结果表明 ,固定化小球具有明显抗不利因素的能力 ,降解氨氮的效率稳定 ,对养殖污水氨氮的生物处理具有一定的效果。

粉煤灰合成A型沸石处理制革废水实验

通过碱熔融—水热合成法,利用粉煤灰制备A型沸石,X射线衍射图谱显示产物晶型完整、结晶度高、产率达69%.产物对兰州市某制革厂废水进行批处理振荡正交实验,结果显示:A型沸石能很好地去除废水中的总Cr,去除效率高达99%;氨氮的去除率在70%左右,去除效果良好,对COD_(Cr)也有一定的去除作用.通过对实验数据的极差分析得出各污染物的最优反应条件:COD_(Cr):反应温度35C,沸石投加量1 g/100 mL,振荡时间1 h,pH值为12;NH_4^+:反应温度25℃,沸石投加量4 g/100 mL,振荡时间3 h,pH值为7;总Cr:反应温度30℃,沸石投加量0.5 g/100 mL,振荡时间2h,pH值为12.

Ca^2＋在净水生物膜团聚体培养中的影响研究

通过在5组相同型号的SBBR反应器(A、B、C、D和E)内调节进水中的Ca2+含量,研究Ca2+在净水生物膜团聚体培养过程的作用影响。结果表明,进水Ca2+投加浓度为25 mg/L时驯化培养的生物膜团聚体具有较好的抗挤压能力,抗压强度达到了22 N/cm2,密度为1.059 g/cm3,活性微生物的百分含量达到了86.90%,远远高于一般污泥团聚体中的微生物含量。分析运行效果,反应器C和D的生物膜团聚体通过29 d的驯化培养就达到了一个比较好的净水效果,并能维持稳定状态,相比于一般生物膜反应器的驯化时间有所缩短。不同进水负荷条件下氨氮的去除率变化表明,反应器C和D针对不同进水负荷表现出来的适应效果明显优于其他反应器。

Estimation of ammonia nitrogen load from nonpoint sources in the Xitiao River catchment, China

Ammonia nitrogen (NH4+-N) is one of the three main forms of total nitrogen (TN). Most studies have estimated the load of TN from nonpoint sources instead of one specific form. The relationship between land use and concentrations of NH4+-N in runoff was analyzed using the hydraulic analysis functions of a Geographic Information Systems (GIS), and the annual loads of NH4+-N in the Xitiao River catchment were estimated according to model results. The results suggested that the calculated annual loads of NH4+-N...

固定化斜生栅藻净化畜禽废水中氨氮和磷的影响因素

为探讨Cu2+、p H和流速对固定化斜生栅藻去除畜禽废水中NH+4-N、TP效果的影响,在实验室条件下模拟实际污水处理过程,并采用正交实验方案对结果进行分析。结果表明低质量浓度Cu2+(0~0.05 mg/L)改善藻的净化效果,高质量浓度Cu2+(0.50~5.00 mg/L)抑制藻的净化效果;在p H较高的条件下(p H=9),固定化斜生栅藻的净化效果明显提高;流速对结果没有明显影响。通过正交实验,得出固定化斜生栅藻去除畜禽废水中NH+4-N、TP的优化条件如下:Cu2+质量浓度为0.05 mg/L,p H为9,流速为0.3 m/s。此时NH+4-N去除率为96.11%,TP去除率为97.53%。