Recovery of Excessive NH_3 in Black Liquor from NH_4OH-KOH Pulping of Wheat Straw

Aqueous ammonia mixed with caustic potash as wheat straw pulping liquor was investigated. The caustic potash not only roduced the NH3 usage and cooking time, but also provided a potassium source as a fertilizer in the black liquor. Excessive NH3 in black liquor from wheat straw NF4OH-KOH pulping process was recovered by batch distillation with a 98% recovery rate of free NH3 under atmospheric pressure and constant reflux. The temperature at the bottom of the column was controlled at 104 - 105 ℃. After removal of free NH3, the black liquor contained 8.4 g/L NH3-N and 7. 04 g/L total potassium, with a substantial amount of ammoniacal lignin, and it could be used as a liquid fertilizer for farming. The height equivalent to a theoretical plate （HETP） of a rectifier for recovering free NH3 was calculated. The diameter and height of packing of the rectifier based on a daily consumption of 75 t oven-dry wheat straw were estimated.

利用KOH+NH_(4)OH作蒸煮剂的玉米秸秆制浆工艺优化

使用响应面法对利用KOH+NH4OH为蒸煮剂的玉米秸秆制浆过程进行优化。通过探索生物质添加量、蒸煮温度、蒸煮时间、KOH添加量对制浆率的影响,以期找到对纸浆得率最有影响的操作变量或者变量组合。通过对中心复合设计实验方案所进行的30组实验结果进行统计分析和响应面分析,发现单因次量(生物质添加量)以及双因次量(蒸煮温度和蒸煮时间)对响应量纸浆得率具有统计学显著影响。以提高纸浆得率作为优化指标,得到最优化条件为生物质添加量(60g)、蒸煮温度(125℃)、蒸煮时间(92min)以及KOH添加量(3.5g),在此条件下,纸浆得率可以达到48%。验证最优化实验条件显示响应面模型具有较高的准确率和精确度(-3.9%误差)。