Banded iron formations （BIFs） are major rock units having hematite layers intermittent with silica rich layers and formed by sedimentary processes during late Archean to mid Proterozoic time. In terrestrial environm...Banded iron formations （BIFs） are major rock units having hematite layers intermittent with silica rich layers and formed by sedimentary processes during late Archean to mid Proterozoic time. In terrestrial environment, hematite deposits are mainly found associated with banded iron formations. The BIFs in Lake Superior （Canada） and Carajas （Brazil） have been studied by planetary scientists to trace the evolution of hematite deposits on Mars. Hematite deposits are extensively identified in Meridiani region on Mars. Many hypotheses have been proposed to decipher the mechanism for the formation of these deposits. On the basis of geomorphological and mineralogical studies, aqueous environment of deposition is found to be the most supportive mechanism for its secondary iron rich deposits. In the present study, we examined the spectral characteristics of banded iron formations of Joda and Daitari located in Singhbhum craton in eastern India to check its potentiality as an analog to the aqueous/marine environment on Mars. The prominent banding feature of banded iron formations is in the range of few millimeters to few centimeters in thickness. Fe rich bands are darker （gray） in color compared to the light reddish jaspilitic chert bands. Thin quartz veins （〈4 mm） are occasionally observed in the handspecimens of banded iron formations. Spectral investigations have been conducted in VIS/NIR region of electromagnetic spectrum in the laboratory conditions. Optimum absorption bands identified include 0.65, 0.86, 1.4 and 1.9 μm, in which 0.56 and 0.86 μm absorption bands are due to ferric iron and 1.4 and 1,9 μm bands are due to OH/H2O. To validate the mineralogical results obtained from VlS/NIR spectral radiometry, laser Raman and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic techniques were utilized and the results were found to be similar. Goethite-hematite association in banded iron formation in Singhbhum craton suggests dehydration activity, which has altered the primary iron oxide phases into the secondary iron oxide phases. The optimum bands identified for the minerals using various spectroscopic techniques can be used as reference for similar mineral deposits on any remote area on Earth or on other hydrated planetary surfaces like Mars.展开更多
为提高返青期-拔节期-开花期-灌浆期不同覆盖条件下小麦冠层含水量的遥感反演精度,综合分析基于Nir-Red和Nir-Swir光谱特征空间开展作物含水量监测的优势与局限,利用垂直干旱指数(perpendicular drought index,PDI)和短波红外垂直失水指...为提高返青期-拔节期-开花期-灌浆期不同覆盖条件下小麦冠层含水量的遥感反演精度,综合分析基于Nir-Red和Nir-Swir光谱特征空间开展作物含水量监测的优势与局限,利用垂直干旱指数(perpendicular drought index,PDI)和短波红外垂直失水指数(shortwave infrared perpendicular water stress index,SPSI)的比值形式,构建了一种基于近红外-红波段-短波红外(Nir-Red-Swir)三波段光谱特征空间的垂直植被水分指数(three-band perpendicular vegetation water index,TPVWI)。结果表明,在不同生育时期,TPVWI与小麦冠层含水量(vegetation water content,VWC)均具有显著相关关系(P<0.01),且对植被含水量的敏感性优于PDI、作物水分监测指数(plant water index,PWI)、SPSI和NDVI 4种植被指数,且在反映小区域内小麦冠层含水量的时空趋势上有较好的表征能力。对比地面实测数据,利用TPVWI建立的作物含水量估测模型的预测精度较高,r与RMSE分别为0.763和2.296%,说明利用综合Nir-Red-Swir三波段光谱空间特征的植被水分指数在监测不同覆盖条件下的作物含水量具有一定的可行性,可丰富当前作物冠层含水量遥感监测的理论方法。展开更多
The electrochemical properties of a new derivative of C60 were investigated by cyclic voltammetry. It was found that the derivative was reduced at a more positive potential than C60,reflecting its significance to acce...The electrochemical properties of a new derivative of C60 were investigated by cyclic voltammetry. It was found that the derivative was reduced at a more positive potential than C60,reflecting its significance to accept electron easily. Its NIR characteristic absorption bands ofmonoanion and dianion were also obtained.展开更多
A novel concept and approach to engineering carbon nanodots(CNDs)were explored to overcome the limited light absorption of CNDs in low-energy spectral regions.In this work,we constructed a novel type of supra-CND by t...A novel concept and approach to engineering carbon nanodots(CNDs)were explored to overcome the limited light absorption of CNDs in low-energy spectral regions.In this work,we constructed a novel type of supra-CND by the assembly of surface charge-confined CNDs through possible electrostatic interactions and hydrogen bonding.The resulting supra-CNDs are the first to feature a strong,well-defined absorption band in the visible to near-infrared(NIR)range and to exhibit effective NIR photothermal conversion performance with high photothermal conversion efficiency in excess of 50%.展开更多
基金financially supported by Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology(IIST),Thiruvananthapuram
文摘Banded iron formations （BIFs） are major rock units having hematite layers intermittent with silica rich layers and formed by sedimentary processes during late Archean to mid Proterozoic time. In terrestrial environment, hematite deposits are mainly found associated with banded iron formations. The BIFs in Lake Superior （Canada） and Carajas （Brazil） have been studied by planetary scientists to trace the evolution of hematite deposits on Mars. Hematite deposits are extensively identified in Meridiani region on Mars. Many hypotheses have been proposed to decipher the mechanism for the formation of these deposits. On the basis of geomorphological and mineralogical studies, aqueous environment of deposition is found to be the most supportive mechanism for its secondary iron rich deposits. In the present study, we examined the spectral characteristics of banded iron formations of Joda and Daitari located in Singhbhum craton in eastern India to check its potentiality as an analog to the aqueous/marine environment on Mars. The prominent banding feature of banded iron formations is in the range of few millimeters to few centimeters in thickness. Fe rich bands are darker （gray） in color compared to the light reddish jaspilitic chert bands. Thin quartz veins （〈4 mm） are occasionally observed in the handspecimens of banded iron formations. Spectral investigations have been conducted in VIS/NIR region of electromagnetic spectrum in the laboratory conditions. Optimum absorption bands identified include 0.65, 0.86, 1.4 and 1.9 μm, in which 0.56 and 0.86 μm absorption bands are due to ferric iron and 1.4 and 1,9 μm bands are due to OH/H2O. To validate the mineralogical results obtained from VlS/NIR spectral radiometry, laser Raman and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic techniques were utilized and the results were found to be similar. Goethite-hematite association in banded iron formation in Singhbhum craton suggests dehydration activity, which has altered the primary iron oxide phases into the secondary iron oxide phases. The optimum bands identified for the minerals using various spectroscopic techniques can be used as reference for similar mineral deposits on any remote area on Earth or on other hydrated planetary surfaces like Mars.
文摘为提高返青期-拔节期-开花期-灌浆期不同覆盖条件下小麦冠层含水量的遥感反演精度,综合分析基于Nir-Red和Nir-Swir光谱特征空间开展作物含水量监测的优势与局限,利用垂直干旱指数(perpendicular drought index,PDI)和短波红外垂直失水指数(shortwave infrared perpendicular water stress index,SPSI)的比值形式,构建了一种基于近红外-红波段-短波红外(Nir-Red-Swir)三波段光谱特征空间的垂直植被水分指数(three-band perpendicular vegetation water index,TPVWI)。结果表明,在不同生育时期,TPVWI与小麦冠层含水量(vegetation water content,VWC)均具有显著相关关系(P<0.01),且对植被含水量的敏感性优于PDI、作物水分监测指数(plant water index,PWI)、SPSI和NDVI 4种植被指数,且在反映小区域内小麦冠层含水量的时空趋势上有较好的表征能力。对比地面实测数据,利用TPVWI建立的作物含水量估测模型的预测精度较高,r与RMSE分别为0.763和2.296%,说明利用综合Nir-Red-Swir三波段光谱空间特征的植被水分指数在监测不同覆盖条件下的作物含水量具有一定的可行性,可丰富当前作物冠层含水量遥感监测的理论方法。
文摘The electrochemical properties of a new derivative of C60 were investigated by cyclic voltammetry. It was found that the derivative was reduced at a more positive potential than C60,reflecting its significance to accept electron easily. Its NIR characteristic absorption bands ofmonoanion and dianion were also obtained.
基金supported by the National Science Foundation of China(No.11204298,61205025,61274126 and 61306081)the Jilin Province Science and Technology Research Project(No.20140101060JC,20150519003JH and 20130522142JH)the Outstanding Young Scientist Program of CAS.
文摘A novel concept and approach to engineering carbon nanodots(CNDs)were explored to overcome the limited light absorption of CNDs in low-energy spectral regions.In this work,we constructed a novel type of supra-CND by the assembly of surface charge-confined CNDs through possible electrostatic interactions and hydrogen bonding.The resulting supra-CNDs are the first to feature a strong,well-defined absorption band in the visible to near-infrared(NIR)range and to exhibit effective NIR photothermal conversion performance with high photothermal conversion efficiency in excess of 50%.
