Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp) is a multi-purpose legume with high quality protein for human consumption and livestock. The objective of this work was to develop near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) prediction models...Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp) is a multi-purpose legume with high quality protein for human consumption and livestock. The objective of this work was to develop near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) prediction models to estimate protein content in cowpea. A total of 116 cowpea breeding lines with a wide range of protein contents (19.28 % to 32.04%) were selected to build the model using whole seed and ground seed samples. Partial least-squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) regression technique with different pre-treatments (derivatives, standard normal variate, and multiplicative scatter correction) were carried out to develop the protein prediction model. Results showed: 1) spectral plots of both the whole seed and ground seed showed higher spectral scatter at higher wavelengths (>1450 nm), 2) data pre-processing affects prediction accuracy for bot whole seed and ground seed samples, 3) prediction using ground seed samples (0.64 R<sup>2</sup> 0.85) is better than the whole seed (0.33 R<sup>2</sup> 0.78), and 4) the data pre-processing second derivative with standard normal variate has the best prediction (R<sup>2</sup>_whole seed = 0.78, R<sup>2</sup>_ground seed = 0.85). The results will be of interest in cowpea breeding programs aimed at improving total seed protein content.展开更多
【目的】基于水稻田间定位试验,利用nirS功能基因研究不同氮肥水平对稻田土壤反硝化细菌群落多样性的影响。【方法】运用PCR-DGGE(聚合酶链反应-变性梯度凝胶电泳)结合DNA克隆测序和荧光定量PCR(Real-time PCR)技术对反硝化细菌nirS基...【目的】基于水稻田间定位试验,利用nirS功能基因研究不同氮肥水平对稻田土壤反硝化细菌群落多样性的影响。【方法】运用PCR-DGGE(聚合酶链反应-变性梯度凝胶电泳)结合DNA克隆测序和荧光定量PCR(Real-time PCR)技术对反硝化细菌nirS基因进行检测,分析田间定位试验第4年不同氮肥水平下稻田nirS型反硝化细菌群落结构和丰度的变化。【结果】依据DGGE图谱计算的群落多样性指数显示,与不施肥对照处理(CK)比较,施用氮肥处理(N1:75 kg N.hm-2,N2:150 kg N.hm-2和N3:225 kg N.hm-2)可促进稻田土壤nirS型反硝化细菌群落多样性指数提高,尤其在水稻生长的齐穗期和成熟期后者均显著高于前者(P<0.05)。但群落多样性指数在N1、N2和N3处理间的差异主要表现在水稻分蘖期和齐穗期的表层土壤中,N3可显著高于N1(P<0.05)。冗余分析结果显示水稻生育时期对稻田土壤nirS型反硝化细菌群落结构的影响较大,表层和根层土壤的群落结构都与生育时期存在显著相关性(P=0.002,0.002);而不同氮肥水平对群落结构的显著性影响仅表现在稻田表层土壤中(P=0.002)。荧光定量PCR结果显示氮肥水平提高可促进稻田土壤nirS型反硝化细菌丰度增加,在水稻分蘖期和齐穗期内表层和根层土壤的nirS基因拷贝数均存在CK<N1<N2<N3的趋势,且以齐穗期时在表层土壤中的差异最大,不同处理间的差异都达到显著水平(P<0.05)。同时,本研究获得稻田反硝化细菌nirS基因片段序列8条登录GenBank(登录号:JX997923、JX997924、JX997926—JX997931)。此外,本试验中N1、N2和N3处理比CK处理分别增产59%、92%和107%,表层和根层土壤中NO3--N含量也随氮肥用量提高而增加。【结论】氮肥用量增加促进了稻田土壤nirS型反硝化细菌丰度及群落多样性指数的提高,尤其在稻田表层土壤中。氮肥水平提高还可改变稻田表层土壤nirS型反硝化细菌的群落结构。综合分析表明稻田表层土壤的nirS型反硝化细菌群落对氮肥水平提高的响应程度更明显。展开更多
文摘Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp) is a multi-purpose legume with high quality protein for human consumption and livestock. The objective of this work was to develop near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) prediction models to estimate protein content in cowpea. A total of 116 cowpea breeding lines with a wide range of protein contents (19.28 % to 32.04%) were selected to build the model using whole seed and ground seed samples. Partial least-squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) regression technique with different pre-treatments (derivatives, standard normal variate, and multiplicative scatter correction) were carried out to develop the protein prediction model. Results showed: 1) spectral plots of both the whole seed and ground seed showed higher spectral scatter at higher wavelengths (>1450 nm), 2) data pre-processing affects prediction accuracy for bot whole seed and ground seed samples, 3) prediction using ground seed samples (0.64 R<sup>2</sup> 0.85) is better than the whole seed (0.33 R<sup>2</sup> 0.78), and 4) the data pre-processing second derivative with standard normal variate has the best prediction (R<sup>2</sup>_whole seed = 0.78, R<sup>2</sup>_ground seed = 0.85). The results will be of interest in cowpea breeding programs aimed at improving total seed protein content.
文摘【目的】基于水稻田间定位试验,利用nirS功能基因研究不同氮肥水平对稻田土壤反硝化细菌群落多样性的影响。【方法】运用PCR-DGGE(聚合酶链反应-变性梯度凝胶电泳)结合DNA克隆测序和荧光定量PCR(Real-time PCR)技术对反硝化细菌nirS基因进行检测,分析田间定位试验第4年不同氮肥水平下稻田nirS型反硝化细菌群落结构和丰度的变化。【结果】依据DGGE图谱计算的群落多样性指数显示,与不施肥对照处理(CK)比较,施用氮肥处理(N1:75 kg N.hm-2,N2:150 kg N.hm-2和N3:225 kg N.hm-2)可促进稻田土壤nirS型反硝化细菌群落多样性指数提高,尤其在水稻生长的齐穗期和成熟期后者均显著高于前者(P<0.05)。但群落多样性指数在N1、N2和N3处理间的差异主要表现在水稻分蘖期和齐穗期的表层土壤中,N3可显著高于N1(P<0.05)。冗余分析结果显示水稻生育时期对稻田土壤nirS型反硝化细菌群落结构的影响较大,表层和根层土壤的群落结构都与生育时期存在显著相关性(P=0.002,0.002);而不同氮肥水平对群落结构的显著性影响仅表现在稻田表层土壤中(P=0.002)。荧光定量PCR结果显示氮肥水平提高可促进稻田土壤nirS型反硝化细菌丰度增加,在水稻分蘖期和齐穗期内表层和根层土壤的nirS基因拷贝数均存在CK<N1<N2<N3的趋势,且以齐穗期时在表层土壤中的差异最大,不同处理间的差异都达到显著水平(P<0.05)。同时,本研究获得稻田反硝化细菌nirS基因片段序列8条登录GenBank(登录号:JX997923、JX997924、JX997926—JX997931)。此外,本试验中N1、N2和N3处理比CK处理分别增产59%、92%和107%,表层和根层土壤中NO3--N含量也随氮肥用量提高而增加。【结论】氮肥用量增加促进了稻田土壤nirS型反硝化细菌丰度及群落多样性指数的提高,尤其在稻田表层土壤中。氮肥水平提高还可改变稻田表层土壤nirS型反硝化细菌的群落结构。综合分析表明稻田表层土壤的nirS型反硝化细菌群落对氮肥水平提高的响应程度更明显。
