Thermodynamic analysis of separating lead and antimony in chloride system

In chloride system, thermodynamic analysis is a useful guide to separate lead and antimony as well as to understand the separation mechanism. An efficient and feasible way for separating lead and antimony was discussed. The relationships of [Pb2+][Cl-]2—lg[Cl]T and E—lg[Cl]T in Pb-Sb-Cl-H2O system were studied, and the solubilities of lead chloride at different antimony concentrations were calculated based on principle of simultaneous equilibrium. The results show that insoluble salt PbCl2 will only exist stably in a certain concentration range of chlorine ion. This concentration range of chlorine ion expands a little with increasing the concentration of antimony in the system while narrows as the system acidity increases. The solubility of Pb2+ in solution decreases with increasing the concentration of antimony in the system, whereas increases with increasing the concentration of total chlorine. The concentration range of total chlorine causing lead solubility less than 0.005 mol/L increases monotonically.

Meta analysis about the efficacy and safety of anti-ocular hypertension eye drops without benzalkonium chloride

Objective:To explore the safety and efficacy of eye drops without benzalkonium chloride(BAK)in treating glaucoma and ocular hypertension.Methods:The clinical case-control literatures about eye drops without BAK treating glaucoma and ocular hypertension were retrieved in PubMed,EMBASE,Cochrane and Chinese Biological and Medical database.Mela 5.0 software was used to analyze the literatures.Results:Five clinical control studies were included.The results indicated both eye drops could lower the intraocular pressure,and the intraocular pressurelowering difference between two eye drops was 0.07 mmHg(95%CI:0.04,0.19)(P>0.05).Two adverse reactions occurred more were conjunctival injection(10.78%)and allergic conjunctivitis(4.78%).The odd ratio of two eye drops occurring conjunctival injection and allergic conjunctivitis was 0.67(95%CI,0.25,1.10)and 0.82(95%CI,0.09,1.54),respectively(P<0.05)in fixed effect model.Conclusions:There is no difference between the eye drops with or without BAK in lowering intraocular pressure.but the latter is of higher safety.In consideration of the relatively small sample size of this research,more high-quality clinical research contrasts are needed as evidence.

STUDY ON THE MORPHOLOGY OF POLYVINYL CHLORIDE/POLYSTYRENE BLENDS BY ELECTRON MICROPROBE ANALYSIS

The morphology of polyvinyl chloride/polystyrene (PVC/PS) blend samples with different mass ratios, prepared by means of solution casting and melt mixing, have been successfully examined by electron microprobe analysis (EMP). This experiment was performed in a scanning electron microscope attached to an energy dispersive X-ray analyzer. Differential scanning calorimetry was also used to investigate the phase separation of the blends. The results show that PVC and PS are incompatible and the blends have sea-islands phase structures. Blends prepared via melt mixing have finer phase-dispersion than those prepared via solution casting.

Fractal analysis of polyferric chloride-humic acid(PFC-HA) flocs in different topological spaces

The fractal dimensions in different topological spaces of polyferric chloride-humic acid （PFC-HA） flocs, formed in flocculating different kinds of humic acids （HA） water at different initial pH （9.0, 7.0, 5.0） and PFC dosages, were calculated by effective densitymaximum diameter, image analysis, and N2 absorption-desorption methods, respectively. The mass fractal dimensions （De） of PFC-HA floes were calculated by bi-logarithm relation of effective density with maximum diameter and Logan empirical equation. The Df value was more than 2.0 at initial pH of 7,0, which was 11% and 13% higher than those at pH 9.0 and 5.0, respecively, indicating the most compact flocs formed in flocculated HA water at initial pH of 7.0. The image analysis for those flocs indicates that after flocculating the HA water at initial pH greater than 7.0 with PFC flocculant, the fractal dimensions of D2 （logA vs. logdL） and D3 （logVsphere vs. logdL） of PFC-HA floes decreased with the increase of PFC dosages, and PFC-HA floes showed a gradually looser structure. At the optimum dosage of PFC, the D2 （logA vs. logdL） values of the flocs show 14%-43% difference with their corresponding Dr, and they even had different tendency with the change of initial pH values. However, the D2 values of the floes formed at three different initial pH in HA solution had a same tendency with the corresponding Df. Based on fractal Frenkel-Halsey-HiU （FHH） adsorption and desorption equations, the pore surface fractal dimensions （Ds） for dried powders of PFC-HA flocs formed in HA water with initial pH 9.0 and 7.0 were all close to 2.9421, and the Ds values of flocs formed at initial pH 5.0 were less than 2.3746. It indicated that the pore surface fractal dimensions of PFC-HA floes dried powder mainly show the irregularity from the mesopore-size distribution and marcopore-size distribution.

Effect of lead chloride on spermatogenesis and sperm parameters in mice

Aim: To evaluate the effect of acute lead chloride exposure on testis and sperm parameters in mice. Methods: PbCl2, 74 mg/kg, was daily administered to sexually mature male mice for 3 days and the effects on the testicular histology and ultrastructure as well as the motility and density of spermatozoa in cauda epididymis were observed. An additional group of mice were treated for 1-3 days and were allowed to recover for 32 days to determine the reversibility of lead-induced changes. Results: The testicular weight, seminiferous tubular diameter and sperm counts were significantly decreased following 3 days of PbCl2 treatment, but were unaffected by shorter-term exposures. The changes caused by lead are mostly reversible. Conclusion: Acute lead chloride exposure injures the fertility parameters of male mice and the effects are partially reversible.

Alterative Expression and Sequence of Human Elongation Factor-1δ during Malignant Transformation of Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells Induced by Cadmium Chloride

Objective To study the alternative expression and sequence of human elongation factor-1δ （human EF-1δ p31） during malignant transformation of human bronchial epithelial cells induced by cadmium chloride （CdCl2） and its possible mechanism. Methods Total RNA was isolated at different stages of transformed human bronchial epithelial cells （16HBE） induced by CdCl2 at a concentration of 5.0 μM. Special primers and probe for human EF-1δ p31 were designed and expression of human EF-18 mRNA from different cell lines was detected with fluorescent quantitative PCR technique. EF-18 cDNA from different cell lines was purified and cloned into pMD 18-T vector followed by confirming and sequencing analysis. Results The expressions of human EF-1δ p31 at different stages of 16HBE cells transformed by CdCl2 was elevated （P〈0.01 or P〈0.05）. Compared with their corresponding non-transformed ceils, the overexpression level of EF-15 p31 was averagely increased 2.9 folds in Cd-pretransformed cells, 4.3 folds in Cd-transformed ceils and 7.2 folds in Cd-tumorigenic cells. No change was found in the sequence of overexpressed EF-1δ p31 at different stages of 16HBE cells transformed by CdCl2. Conclusion Overexpression of human EF-1δ p31 is positively correlated with malignant transformation of 16HBE cells induced by CdCl2, but is not correlated with DNA mutations.

Vanadium extraction from vanadium-bearing titanomagnetite by selective chlorination using chloride wastes (FeClx)

Vanadium extraction of vanadium-bearing titanomagnetite was investigated by selective chlorination. Thermodynamics analyses on the interactive reactions among related species in the system were made before the experiments. Some fundamental experiments for extracting vanadium by FeCl_x as chlorinating agent were conducted over the temperature range of 900-1300 K under air or oxygen atmosphere. The results show that vanadium can be extracted by the selective chlorination, using FeCl_x, based on thermodynamic analysis and experiment. Vanadium extraction ratio first increases with the increase of temperature, and then decreases with the increase of temperature over the range of 900-1300 K under air or oxygen atmosphere. The higher molar ratio of FeCl_3 to oxides(n_(chl):n_(oxd)) reacting with FeCl_3, the higher ratio of vanadium extraction. Under oxygen atmosphere, the vanadium extraction ratio is up to 32% at 1100 K for 2 h by using FeCl_3 as chlorinating agent.

A Novel 2D Architecture from Bismuth and Flexible Ligand N,N'-Diacetic Acid Imidazolium Chloride

A new compound {[Bi（trans-DAM）（cis-DAM）（H2O）]NO3·H2O}n 1 derived from bismuth and the flexible ligand N,N＇-diacetic acid imidazolium chloride （H2DAMCl） was obtained by hydrothermal synthesis and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Compound 1 crystallizes in the monoclinic P21/c space group with a = 9.2298（18）, b = 13.339（3）, c = 17.090（3） , β = 105.38（2）°, V = 2028.7（7）A^3, Z = 4, C14H18N5O13Bi, Mr = 673.31, Dc = 2.204 g/cm^3, F（000） = 1296, μ = 8.772 mm-1, the final R = 0.0472 and wR = 0.1441 for 4129 observed reflections （I 〉 2σ（I））. In 1, the carboxylic groups from DAM- ligands adopt a cheating mode to link bismuth ions to form a 2D sheet network. These sheets are further connected by hydrogen bonding interactions to give an interesting 3D supramolecular framework. 2D correlation analysis of IR of 1 with thermal and magnetic perturbation was introduced to ascertain the characteristic adsorption of the groups overlapped in the 1D IR spectrum. Additionally, compound 1 exhibits fluorescent emission at room temperature.

Optical Measurements to Reveal Roles of Slightly Crosslinked Poly (dimethyldiallylammonium chloride) s in Fixing Anionic Dyes on Cotton Fabric

The roles of slightly crosslinked poly( dimethyldiallylammonium chloride) s( PDMDAACs) in fixing anionic dyes on cotton fabric were verified more precisely by optical analysis technologies,to achieve the new theoretical guides for the widely applications. Firstly,one method of optical CIELAB color difference analysis was designed to exactly measure the values of dyefixing performances, so that the suitable molecular weights and structures of the slightly crosslinked PDMDAACs could be precisely confirmed to play a role in the development of their dye-fixing performances. Secondly,the FT-IR absorption shift of the dye on dyed cotton sample fixed by slightly crosslinked PDMDAACs was nearly in agreement with that of forming water-insoluble color lakes,indicating that the expected color lakes could be formed on dyed cotton fabric,and would play a role in further development of the fastness of dyes on cotton fabric. Thirdly,the FT-IR spectra of fixed undyed cotton samples and that of fixed dyed cotton samples both showed the absorptions of slightly crosslinked PDMDAACs,further revealing that the slightly crosslinked PDMDAACs could be penetrated into cotton fabric and be convenient to interact with dyes when fixing. However,those absorptions of the slightly crosslinked PDMDAACs fixed on cotton samples would be absent after being adequately washed to a constant weight,suggesting that the fixing interactions of the slightly crosslinked PDMDAAC and cotton fabric were very weak.

Effects of Mineral Admixtures on Chloride Diffusion in Environment-Friendly Coral Aggregate Concrete

Coral materials can replace concrete aggregates and achieve material self sufficiency for reducing the construction costs of island projects.This paper studies the effects of different mineral admixtures on the properties of coral aggregate concrete(CAC).The chloride concentration of CAC after different erosion times is measured using the potentiometric method,and the porosity of the CAC is ca lculated using thermogravimetric and drying methods.The chloride concentration of the CAC presents a two-phases dis tribution.The peak chloride concentration fol-lowed a power function,increasing with the erosion time.The chloride diffusion coefficient of CAC is 7.9%-37.5%larger than that of ordinary aggregate concrete,and the addition of 15% fly ash and 5%silica fume can significantly reduce the chloride diffusion coefficient,with a maximum reduction of 45.0%.The porosity obtained via the thermogravimetric and drying methods is well correlated.The porosity has a strong negative correlation with the compressive strength and a strong positive correlation with the chloride diffusion coefficient.

Efficacy and safety of 0.0015% tafluprost versus 0.005% latanoprost in primary open angle glaucoma, ocular hypertension: a Meta-analysis

AIM:To evaluate the intraocular pressure(IOP)-lowering efficacy and safety of tafluprost 0.0015%eye drops[benzalkonium chloride(BAK)0.1 mg/mL]compared with that of latanoprost 0.005%eye drops(BAK 0.2 mg/mL)for primary open angle glaucoma(POAG)and ocular hypertension(OHT).METHODS:All the randomized controlled trials(RCTs)about treating POAG and OHT comparing tafluprost and latanoprost were collected by searching PubMed,Embase,Cochrane Library,CNKI and VIP.The outcomes of interest to evaluate the clinical efficacy and adverse effects included IOP and patient-related drop discomfort.RESULTS:Five RCTs involving 888 glaucoma patients were included.The results showed that,1)at the end of the study,no statistically significant differences were observed in IOP reduction[standard mean difference(SMD)=0.48,95%CI 0.07 to 0.88,P=0.085]between tafluprost and latanoprost;2)No statistically significant differences were observed in adverse events of foreign-body sensation[relative risk(RR)=0.62,95%CI 0.26 to 1.46,P=0.269],eye irritation(RR=1.16,95%CI 0.49 to 2.75,P=0.744),eye pain(RR=2.000,95%CI 0.949 to 4.216,P=0.07),iris hyperpigmentation(RR=0.741,95%CI 0.235 to 2.334,P=0.61),dry eye(RR=1.154,95%CI 0.409 to 3.256,P=0.79)and eye pruritus(RR=1.600,95%CI 0.536 to 4.774,P=0.4)between tafluprost and latanoprost.However,tafluprost showed more reported incidence of conjunctival hyperaemia than latanoprost(RR=2.11,95%CI 1.24 to 3.59,P=0.006).CONCLUSION:Tafluprost 0.0015%eye drops(BAK 0.1 mg/mL)and latanoprost 0.005%eye drops(BAK 0.2 mg/mL)are comparable in lowering IOP for open angle glaucoma(OAG)and OHT.It does not differ in the incidence of foreign-body sensation,eye irritation,eye pain,iris hyper-pigmentation,dry eye and eye pruritus,but tafluprost shows less ocular tolerability because of more incidence of conjunctival hyperaemia.

近海大气环境下RC结构钢筋锈蚀程度预测

钢筋锈蚀是影响近海大气环境下RC结构使用寿命的重要因素之一。为研究近海大气环境下混凝土碳化与氯离子侵蚀双重作用对钢筋锈蚀的影响,对沿海地区不同龄期钢筋混凝土结构进行了工程实测,包括混凝土抗压强度、碳化深度、钢筋表面氯离子浓度及锈蚀深度。基于实测结果,拟合得到了混凝土碳化深度与抗压强度间的关系模型,建立了同时考虑混凝土碳化深度与钢筋表面氯离子浓度的钢筋锈蚀深度预测模型。在此基础上,利用Abaqus分析软件对不同龄期、轴压比的RC框架柱进行了损伤塑性分析,得到了锈蚀RC框架柱抗震性能随服役龄期与轴压比的变化规律。

两面针化学成分、药理作用及质量控制的研究进展

两面针作为中国传统中药,常用于治疗跌打损伤,风湿痹痛,牙痛,胃痛等病症。两面针化学成分主要包括生物碱、香豆素、木脂素、黄酮等,具有抗炎镇痛、抗菌、抗肿瘤等药理活性。本文通过总结两面针化学成分、药理作用及质量控制的相关国内外文献,以期为两面针的临床研究和质量评价提供参考。

研究型仪器分析实验:红酒样品中多氯联苯含量的测定

以研究持久性有机氯污染物检测的样品前处理方法为基础,设计了一个综合性仪器分析实验,内容包括红外光谱表征、同步热分析表征、固相微萃取实验条件优化及气相色谱对样品中持久性有机氯污染物进行定性与定量分析。在实验过程中,学生充分参与完整的仪器分析实验流程,有效提高了学生的综合思维能力和解决实际问题的能力。

氯化两面针碱潜在靶标极光激酶A在结直肠癌组织中的临床病理价值

目的:探究极光激酶A(AURKA)在结直肠癌中的临床病理价值。方法:通过分子对接探究AURKA与氯化两面针碱(NC)结合强度。结合免疫组织化学数据和全球高通量数据集分析结直肠癌中AURKA蛋白和mRNA表达水平,计算标准平均偏差(SMD)和总结受试者操作特征(sROC),以探讨AURKA在结直肠癌和放疗抵抗中综合表达水平,利用CRISPR敲除筛选以及体外敲低AURKA后的基因芯片数据,分析AURKA促癌潜在分子机制。结果:AURKA与NC结合能为-10kcal/mol, AURKA蛋白在结直肠癌中表达上调,mRNA在2 511个结直肠癌样本和41个放疗抵抗样本中表达上调,显示结直肠癌中SMD为2.07,放疗抵抗中SMD为0.73。敲低AURKA在结直肠癌LS123细胞系中生长抑制最显著。体外敲低AURKA mRNA后基因主要富集于肌动蛋白、线粒体膜、细胞周期检查点通路。结论:在结直肠癌中,AURKA是潜在的NC和放疗增敏靶点,下调AURKA有望用于临床治疗。

依达拉奉右莰醇联合丁苯酞氯化钠治疗急性脑梗死的系统评价

目的:系统评价依达拉奉右莰醇联合丁苯酞氯化钠治疗急性脑梗死的临床疗效和安全性。方法:计算机检索PubMed、中国生物医学文献数据库、中国知网、万方数据库、维普数据库等(检索时间为建库至2023年9月),收集依达拉奉右莰醇联合丁苯酞氯化钠(观察组)对比单纯使用丁苯酞氯化钠(对照组)治疗急性脑梗死临床疗效和安全性的随机对照试验(RCT),对符合纳入标准的临床研究进行资料提取和质量评价后,应用RevMan 5.3统计软件进行Meta分析。结果:最终纳入9项RCT,共995例患者,Meta分析结果显示,观察组患者总有效率(RR=1.21,95%CI=1.14~1.29,P<0.000 01)、痊愈率(RR=1.41,95%CI=1.08~1.83,P=0.01)和显效率(RR=1.35,95%CI=1.14~1.61,P=0.000 5)均高于对照组,美国国立卫生研究院脑卒中量表评分(MD=-3.08,95%CI=-4.23~-1.92,P<0.000 01)和无效率(RR=0.31,95%CI=0.21~0.46,P<0.000 01)显著低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义;两组患者改良Rankin量表评分(MD=-0.47,95%CI=-0.97~0.03,P=0.06)和不良反应发生率(RR=0.74,95%CI=0.49~1.12,P=0.15)的差异无统计学意义。结论:依达拉奉右莰醇联合丁苯酞氯化钠治疗急性脑梗死的临床疗效较单纯使用丁苯酞氯化钠更好,且安全性相当。

盐溶液法制备半水石膏的工艺研究及探讨

这是一篇矿物材料领域的论文。利用脱硫石膏制备应用更为广泛的半水石膏对工业副产石膏的资源化利用有非常重要的作用,不仅可以避免对天然石膏的大量开采,还能实现对脱硫石膏的资源化利用。在脱硫石膏转化为半水石膏的过程中,以氯化钠和添加剂作为反应溶液,在常压下加热搅拌反应。研究了氯化钠浓度、添加剂浓度、固液比、转速和反应温度等因素对二水到半水石膏的相转化时间和晶体粒度的影响,氯化钠和添加剂浓度的增大,不仅会加快相转化过程,还对半水石膏晶体的平均长度和平均长径比有一定的抑制作用,而较高或较低的转速则会阻碍半水石膏晶体的成核和生长,过快或过慢的转速都会影响Ca^(2+)和SO_(4)^(2-)的碰撞频率,继而影响半水石膏的生成。降低固液比和升高温度也对相转化过程有一定的促进作用,在较低的温度下,由于相转化过程的驱动力不足,脱硫石膏难以转化为半水石膏。确定了脱硫石膏制备半水石膏的较佳工艺条件为:氯化钠浓度10%,添加剂浓度10%,固液比1:5,转速300 r/min,反应温度100℃。在较佳的工艺条件下,60 min即可完成反应。所制得的半水石膏晶体的平均长度高达127μm,平均长径比高达19。同时,研究了溶液中水分子活度、过饱和度和反应温度的关系,确定了相转化过程由温度和过饱和度所决定。

考虑氯离子侵蚀的预应力节段桥墩时变地震易损性分析

基于氯离子扩散特性,研究了预应力节段桥墩的时变腐蚀形态,及其全寿命周期内的地震易损性。该文以一近海桥梁结构为研究背景,在原始桥墩基础上设计具有等效抗震能力的预应力节段桥墩,并采用OpenSEES有限元软件进行数值模拟;将预制节段桥胶接缝界面区的氯离子传输特性应用于预应力节段墩,同时综合考虑各类钢筋材料的均匀锈蚀与点蚀,依次使用Pushover分析方法和增量动力分析方法,计算并评定受侵蚀预应力节段桥墩的时变抗震性能与地震需求。研究结果表明:接缝界面区氯离子传输特性改变了桥墩不同高度处的时变腐蚀状态,造成了沿墩高的不均匀腐蚀形态;综合考虑均匀锈蚀和点蚀后,钢筋劣化速度明显高于传统整体现浇墩内部纵筋;全寿命周期内,预应力节段桥墩和整体现浇桥墩的地震易损性呈现不同的变化特征。

考虑氯离子侵蚀的高桩码头时变地震易损性分析

地震易损性分析是评估高桩码头结构抗震性能最有效的工具之一,它能够量化给定地震动参数下结构发生破坏的概率。本文针对典型高桩码头结构,探究了氯离子侵蚀导致钢筋及混凝土材料性能退化的规律,基于开源数值计算平台OpenSees,对浪溅区桩基区域的截面特性考虑腐蚀效应,建立了高桩码头二维有限元模型,探讨了氯离子侵蚀对高桩码头结构时变地震易损性的影响。采用Pushover分析方法确定了高桩码头各损伤状态的地震需求界限值。通过对不同腐蚀年限下的码头模型输入80条地震动,对构件能力需求比进行对数回归分析,形成高桩码头时变地震易损性曲线。研究结果表明:氯离子侵蚀会导致面板位移及桩顶弯矩减小,桩顶曲率略有增加;在高桩码头的使用寿命中,结构在不同损伤状态下的地震易损性均随服役时间的延长而增大。