Vernalization is necessary for winter wheat to flower.However,it is unclear whether vernalization is also required for spring wheat,which is frequently sown in fall,and what molecular mechanisms underlie the vernaliza...Vernalization is necessary for winter wheat to flower.However,it is unclear whether vernalization is also required for spring wheat,which is frequently sown in fall,and what molecular mechanisms underlie the vernalization response in wheat varieties.In this study,we examined the molecular mechanisms that regulate vernalization response in winter and spring wheat varieties.For this purpose,we determined how major vernalization genes(VRN1,VRN2,and VRN3)respond to vernalization in these varieties and whether modifications to histones play a role in changes in gene expression.We also identified genes that are differentially regulated in response to vernalization in winter and spring wheat varieties.We found that in winter wheat,but not in spring wheat,VRN1 expression decreases when returned to warm temperature following vernalization.This finding may be associated with differences between spring and winter wheat in the levels of tri-methylation of lysine 27 on histone H3(H3K27me3)and tri-methylation of lysine 4 on histone H3(H3K4me3)at the VRN1 gene.Analysis of winter wheat transcriptomes before and after vernalization revealed that vernalization influences the expression of several genes,including those involved in leucine catabolism,cysteine biosynthesis,and flavonoid biosynthesis.These findings provide new candidates for further study on the mechanism of vernalization regulation in wheat.展开更多
Flag leaf angle is one of the key target traits in high yield wheat breeding.A smaller flag leaf angle reduces shading and enables plants to grow at a higher density,which increases yield.Here we identified a mutant,j...Flag leaf angle is one of the key target traits in high yield wheat breeding.A smaller flag leaf angle reduces shading and enables plants to grow at a higher density,which increases yield.Here we identified a mutant,je0407,with an 84.34%-89.35%smaller flag leaf angle compared with the wild type.The mutant also had an abnormal lamina joint and no ligule or auricle.Genetic analysis indicated that the ligule was controlled by two recessive genes,which were mapped to chromosomes 2AS and 2DL.The mutant allele on chromosome 2AS was named Tafla1b,and it was fine mapped to a 1 Mb physical interval.The mutant allele on chr.2DL was identified as Taspl8b,a novel allele of TaSPL8 with a missense mutation in the second exon,which was used to develop a cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence marker.F3 and F4 lines derived from crosses between Jing411 and je0407 were genotyped to investigate interactions between the Tafla1b and Taspl8b alleles.Plants with the Tafla1b/Taspl8a genotype had 58.41%-82.76%smaller flag leaf angles,6.4%-24.9%shorter spikes,and a greater spikelet density(0.382 more spikelets per cm)compared with the wild type.Plants with the Tafla1a/Taspl8b genotype had 52.62%-82.24%smaller flag leaf angles and no differences in plant height or spikelet density compared with the wild type.Tafla1b/Taspl8b plants produced erect leaves with an abnormal lamina joint.The two alleles had dosage effects on ligule formation and flag leaf angle,but no significant effect on thousand-grain weight.The mutant alleles provide novel resources for improvement of wheat plant architecture.展开更多
目的:运用网络药理学和生物信息学技术探讨驻春胶囊治疗肾阳虚型骨质疏松症的作用机制。方法:使用中药系统药理学数据库与分析平台(traditional Chinese medicine systems pharmacology database and analysis platform,TCMSP)筛选驻春...目的:运用网络药理学和生物信息学技术探讨驻春胶囊治疗肾阳虚型骨质疏松症的作用机制。方法:使用中药系统药理学数据库与分析平台(traditional Chinese medicine systems pharmacology database and analysis platform,TCMSP)筛选驻春胶囊组方中药的活性成分,并使用TCMSP和Drugbank数据库检索有效成分相关靶点。在GeneCards数据库、药物靶标数据库(therapeutic target database,TTD)和人类在线孟德尔遗传数据库(online mendelian inheritance in man,OMIM)中检索骨质疏松症致病靶点;在GEO数据库中筛选肾阳虚型骨质疏松症患者与正常人之间的差异表达基因;将两者取交集,得到肾阳虚型骨质疏松症致病靶点。将活性成分相关靶点与肾阳虚型骨质疏松症致病靶点取交集,得到驻春胶囊治疗肾阳虚型骨质疏松症的潜在靶点。利用Cytoscape 3.9.1软件构建“药物-活性成分-潜在靶点”网络。利用R软件对潜在靶点进行基因本体(gene ontology,GO)和京都基因与基因组百科全书(Kyoto encyclopediaof genes and genome,KEGG)信号通路富集分析。采用STRING数据库进行聚类关联分析,并通过CytoNCA分析筛选驻春胶囊治疗肾阳虚型骨质疏松症的关键靶基因。采用AutodockVina软件对活性成分和关键靶基因进行分子对接验证;采用CIBERSORT进行免疫细胞浸润分析。结果:本研究共筛选得到183个活性成分、2732个活性成分相关靶点、897个肾阳虚型骨质疏松症的疾病靶点。将活性成分相关靶点与疾病靶点取交集,得到34个驻春胶囊治疗肾阳虚型骨质疏松症的潜在靶点。“药物-活性成分-潜在靶点”网络分析得到木犀草素、8-异戊烯-山柰酚(8-isopentenyl-kaempferol)、黄豆黄素(glycitein)、柚皮素(naringenin)、槲皮素(quercetin)等有效活性成分和SIRT1、CDKN1B、TNFRSF1A等潜在靶基因。GO和KEGG通路富集分析显示,主要靶点富集在多个细胞组分、生物过程及信号通路上。PPI网络分析得到SIRT1、CDKN1B和TNFRSF1A为驻春胶囊治疗肾阳虚型骨质疏松症的关键靶基因。分子对接显示活性成分与关键靶点对接良好。CIBERSORT免疫浸润分析显示,与正常对照组相比,肾阳虚型骨质疏松症组中激活的NK细胞和静止的Mast细胞显著降低,NK细胞的激活与TNFRSF1A的表达呈显著的负相关。结论:驻春胶囊的多个有效活性成分可能通过多个靶点激活多条信号通路发挥改善肾阳虚型骨质疏松症的作用,其中通过TNFRSF1A调控NK细胞的激活可能是驻春胶囊治疗肾阳虚型骨质疏松症的关键环节之一。展开更多
Greenbug(Schizaphis graminum, Rondani) is a serious insect pest in many wheat growing regions and has been infesting cereal crops in the USA for over a century. Continuous occurrence of new greenbug biotypes makes it ...Greenbug(Schizaphis graminum, Rondani) is a serious insect pest in many wheat growing regions and has been infesting cereal crops in the USA for over a century. Continuous occurrence of new greenbug biotypes makes it essential to explore all greenbug resistant sources available to manage this pest. Gb1, a recessive greenbug resistance gene in DS28A, confers resistance to several economically important greenbug biotypes and is the only gene found to be resistant to greenbug biotype F. A set of 174 F_(2:3)lines from the cross DS28A × Custer was evaluated for resistance to greenbug biotype F in 2020 and 2022. Selective genotyping of the corresponding F_(2) population using single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP) markers generated by genotyping-by-sequencing(GBS) led to the identification of a candidate genomic region for Gb1. Thus, SSR markers previously mapped in this region were used to genotype the entire F2population,and kompetitive allele specific PCR(KASP) markers were also developed from SNPs in the target region.Gb1 was placed in the terminal region of the short arm of chromosome 1A, and its location was confirmed in a second population derived from the cross DS28A × PI 697274. The combined data analysis from the two mapping populations delimited Gb1 to a < 1 Mb interval between 13,328,200 and 14,241,426 bp on1AS.展开更多
胚胎着床是一个复杂的生理过程,除了拥有优质胚胎以外,还需要良好的子宫内膜容受性以及母胎之间的协调对话。NK2同源框蛋白-1(NK2 homeobox protein 1,NKX2-1)是一种含有同源结构域的转录因子。最近研究表明NKX2-1可以通过调控一系列细...胚胎着床是一个复杂的生理过程,除了拥有优质胚胎以外,还需要良好的子宫内膜容受性以及母胎之间的协调对话。NK2同源框蛋白-1(NK2 homeobox protein 1,NKX2-1)是一种含有同源结构域的转录因子。最近研究表明NKX2-1可以通过调控一系列细胞因子及黏附分子的作用影响胚胎着床过程,从而导致反复种植失败(recurrent implantation failure,RIF)的发生。本文就NKX2-1的结构、功能及其与反复种植失败之间的关系做一综述,并对今后研究方向作一展望,以期对RIF的发生机制和防治策略有更深入的了解。展开更多
Wheat awns contribute to photosynthesis and grain production.In this study,an F2population and F2:3families from a cross between the awned line 7D12 and the Chinese awnless variety Shiyou 20(SY20)were used to identify...Wheat awns contribute to photosynthesis and grain production.In this study,an F2population and F2:3families from a cross between the awned line 7D12 and the Chinese awnless variety Shiyou 20(SY20)were used to identify loci associated with awn length.Bulked-segregant RNA sequencing and linkage mapping identified a single dominant locus in a 0.3 cM interval on chromosome 5AL.Five genes were in the interval,including the recently cloned awn inhibitor B1.Although a single copy of the B1 gene was detected in 7D12,SY20 carried five copies of the gene.Increased copy number of B1 in SY20enhanced gene expression.Based on sequence variation among the promoter regions of five B1 gene copies in SY20,two dominant markers were developed and found to cosegregate with B1 in a population of 931 wheat accessions.All 77 awnless accessions harbored sequence variations in the B1 promoter regions similar to those of SY20 and thus carried multiple copies of the gene,whereas 15 randomly selected awned wheats carried only one copy.These results suggest that an increase in copy number of the B1 gene is associated with inhibition of awn length.展开更多
Fusarium head blight(FHB)is one of the most detrimental wheat diseases which greatly decreases the yield and grain quality,especially in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River of China.Fhb1 and Fhb2 are two...Fusarium head blight(FHB)is one of the most detrimental wheat diseases which greatly decreases the yield and grain quality,especially in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River of China.Fhb1 and Fhb2 are two major resistance loci against Fusarium graminearum.Yangmai 15(YM15)is one of the most popular varieties in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River,and it has good weak gluten characters but poor resistance to FHB.Here we used Fhb1 and Fhb2 to improve the FHB resistance of YM15 by a molecular marker-assisted selection(MAS)backcrossing strategy.The selection of agronomic traits was performed for each generation.We successfully selected seven introgressed lines which carry homozygous Fhb1 and Fhb2 with significantly higher FHB resistance than the recurrent parent YM15.Three of the introgressed lines had agronomic and quality characters that were similar to YM15.This study demonstrates that the pyramiding of Fhb1 and Fhb2 could significantly improve the FHB resistance in wheat using the MAS approach.展开更多
Exploring novel high molecular weight glutenin subunits(HMW-GSs)from wild related species is a strategy to improve wheat processing quality.The objective of the present investigation was to identify the chromosomes of...Exploring novel high molecular weight glutenin subunits(HMW-GSs)from wild related species is a strategy to improve wheat processing quality.The objective of the present investigation was to identify the chromosomes of the wheatalien introgression line N124,derived from the hybridization between Triticum aestivum with Aegilops kotschyi,and characterize the effects on quality-related traits.Fluorescence in situ hybridization karyotypes showed that N124 is a disomic 1U^(k)(1A)substitution line.Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis(SDS-PAGE)and reversedphase high-performance liquid chromatography verified N124 expressed two HMW-GSs of the Ae.kotschyi parent.PacBio RNA sequencing and phylogenetic analysis confirmed that the two HMW-GSs were U^(k)x and U^(k)y.Compared to the wheat parent,the substitution line had no obvious agronomic defects except fewer grains per spike but improved several major quality parameters.It can be served as a donor or bridge material for wheat quality improvement.展开更多
基金supported by Project 2662020ZKPY002 supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities.
文摘Vernalization is necessary for winter wheat to flower.However,it is unclear whether vernalization is also required for spring wheat,which is frequently sown in fall,and what molecular mechanisms underlie the vernalization response in wheat varieties.In this study,we examined the molecular mechanisms that regulate vernalization response in winter and spring wheat varieties.For this purpose,we determined how major vernalization genes(VRN1,VRN2,and VRN3)respond to vernalization in these varieties and whether modifications to histones play a role in changes in gene expression.We also identified genes that are differentially regulated in response to vernalization in winter and spring wheat varieties.We found that in winter wheat,but not in spring wheat,VRN1 expression decreases when returned to warm temperature following vernalization.This finding may be associated with differences between spring and winter wheat in the levels of tri-methylation of lysine 27 on histone H3(H3K27me3)and tri-methylation of lysine 4 on histone H3(H3K4me3)at the VRN1 gene.Analysis of winter wheat transcriptomes before and after vernalization revealed that vernalization influences the expression of several genes,including those involved in leucine catabolism,cysteine biosynthesis,and flavonoid biosynthesis.These findings provide new candidates for further study on the mechanism of vernalization regulation in wheat.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Project of China(2022YFD1200700)the Crop Varietal Improvement and Insect Pests Control by Nuclear Radiation,Innovation Program of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,and the China Agriculture Research System(CARS-03).
文摘Flag leaf angle is one of the key target traits in high yield wheat breeding.A smaller flag leaf angle reduces shading and enables plants to grow at a higher density,which increases yield.Here we identified a mutant,je0407,with an 84.34%-89.35%smaller flag leaf angle compared with the wild type.The mutant also had an abnormal lamina joint and no ligule or auricle.Genetic analysis indicated that the ligule was controlled by two recessive genes,which were mapped to chromosomes 2AS and 2DL.The mutant allele on chromosome 2AS was named Tafla1b,and it was fine mapped to a 1 Mb physical interval.The mutant allele on chr.2DL was identified as Taspl8b,a novel allele of TaSPL8 with a missense mutation in the second exon,which was used to develop a cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence marker.F3 and F4 lines derived from crosses between Jing411 and je0407 were genotyped to investigate interactions between the Tafla1b and Taspl8b alleles.Plants with the Tafla1b/Taspl8a genotype had 58.41%-82.76%smaller flag leaf angles,6.4%-24.9%shorter spikes,and a greater spikelet density(0.382 more spikelets per cm)compared with the wild type.Plants with the Tafla1a/Taspl8b genotype had 52.62%-82.24%smaller flag leaf angles and no differences in plant height or spikelet density compared with the wild type.Tafla1b/Taspl8b plants produced erect leaves with an abnormal lamina joint.The two alleles had dosage effects on ligule formation and flag leaf angle,but no significant effect on thousand-grain weight.The mutant alleles provide novel resources for improvement of wheat plant architecture.
文摘结外NK/T细胞淋巴瘤(extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma,ENKTCL)是一种侵袭性非霍奇金淋巴瘤亚型,晚期和复发/难治患者目前尚无标准的治疗方案,预后较差。近年来,程序性死亡受体1(programmed cell death receptor-1,PD-1)/PD-1配体(programmed cell death ligand-1,PD-L1)免疫检查点抑制剂广泛应用于淋巴瘤的治疗中。PD-1/PD-L1抑制剂在复发/难治性ENKTCL的近期疗效较好,联合化疗已初步应用于晚期的一线治疗中。本文综述了PD-1/PD-L1抑制剂在ENKTCL中应用的理论基础、临床初步结果和预测/预后标志物的探索,旨在为PD-1/PD-L1抑制剂在ENKTCL中的应用提供参考。
文摘目的:运用网络药理学和生物信息学技术探讨驻春胶囊治疗肾阳虚型骨质疏松症的作用机制。方法:使用中药系统药理学数据库与分析平台(traditional Chinese medicine systems pharmacology database and analysis platform,TCMSP)筛选驻春胶囊组方中药的活性成分,并使用TCMSP和Drugbank数据库检索有效成分相关靶点。在GeneCards数据库、药物靶标数据库(therapeutic target database,TTD)和人类在线孟德尔遗传数据库(online mendelian inheritance in man,OMIM)中检索骨质疏松症致病靶点;在GEO数据库中筛选肾阳虚型骨质疏松症患者与正常人之间的差异表达基因;将两者取交集,得到肾阳虚型骨质疏松症致病靶点。将活性成分相关靶点与肾阳虚型骨质疏松症致病靶点取交集,得到驻春胶囊治疗肾阳虚型骨质疏松症的潜在靶点。利用Cytoscape 3.9.1软件构建“药物-活性成分-潜在靶点”网络。利用R软件对潜在靶点进行基因本体(gene ontology,GO)和京都基因与基因组百科全书(Kyoto encyclopediaof genes and genome,KEGG)信号通路富集分析。采用STRING数据库进行聚类关联分析,并通过CytoNCA分析筛选驻春胶囊治疗肾阳虚型骨质疏松症的关键靶基因。采用AutodockVina软件对活性成分和关键靶基因进行分子对接验证;采用CIBERSORT进行免疫细胞浸润分析。结果:本研究共筛选得到183个活性成分、2732个活性成分相关靶点、897个肾阳虚型骨质疏松症的疾病靶点。将活性成分相关靶点与疾病靶点取交集,得到34个驻春胶囊治疗肾阳虚型骨质疏松症的潜在靶点。“药物-活性成分-潜在靶点”网络分析得到木犀草素、8-异戊烯-山柰酚(8-isopentenyl-kaempferol)、黄豆黄素(glycitein)、柚皮素(naringenin)、槲皮素(quercetin)等有效活性成分和SIRT1、CDKN1B、TNFRSF1A等潜在靶基因。GO和KEGG通路富集分析显示,主要靶点富集在多个细胞组分、生物过程及信号通路上。PPI网络分析得到SIRT1、CDKN1B和TNFRSF1A为驻春胶囊治疗肾阳虚型骨质疏松症的关键靶基因。分子对接显示活性成分与关键靶点对接良好。CIBERSORT免疫浸润分析显示,与正常对照组相比,肾阳虚型骨质疏松症组中激活的NK细胞和静止的Mast细胞显著降低,NK细胞的激活与TNFRSF1A的表达呈显著的负相关。结论:驻春胶囊的多个有效活性成分可能通过多个靶点激活多条信号通路发挥改善肾阳虚型骨质疏松症的作用,其中通过TNFRSF1A调控NK细胞的激活可能是驻春胶囊治疗肾阳虚型骨质疏松症的关键环节之一。
基金supported by the USDA ARS CRIS Project (3072– 21000–009–00D)。
文摘Greenbug(Schizaphis graminum, Rondani) is a serious insect pest in many wheat growing regions and has been infesting cereal crops in the USA for over a century. Continuous occurrence of new greenbug biotypes makes it essential to explore all greenbug resistant sources available to manage this pest. Gb1, a recessive greenbug resistance gene in DS28A, confers resistance to several economically important greenbug biotypes and is the only gene found to be resistant to greenbug biotype F. A set of 174 F_(2:3)lines from the cross DS28A × Custer was evaluated for resistance to greenbug biotype F in 2020 and 2022. Selective genotyping of the corresponding F_(2) population using single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP) markers generated by genotyping-by-sequencing(GBS) led to the identification of a candidate genomic region for Gb1. Thus, SSR markers previously mapped in this region were used to genotype the entire F2population,and kompetitive allele specific PCR(KASP) markers were also developed from SNPs in the target region.Gb1 was placed in the terminal region of the short arm of chromosome 1A, and its location was confirmed in a second population derived from the cross DS28A × PI 697274. The combined data analysis from the two mapping populations delimited Gb1 to a < 1 Mb interval between 13,328,200 and 14,241,426 bp on1AS.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFD0300501)。
文摘Wheat awns contribute to photosynthesis and grain production.In this study,an F2population and F2:3families from a cross between the awned line 7D12 and the Chinese awnless variety Shiyou 20(SY20)were used to identify loci associated with awn length.Bulked-segregant RNA sequencing and linkage mapping identified a single dominant locus in a 0.3 cM interval on chromosome 5AL.Five genes were in the interval,including the recently cloned awn inhibitor B1.Although a single copy of the B1 gene was detected in 7D12,SY20 carried five copies of the gene.Increased copy number of B1 in SY20enhanced gene expression.Based on sequence variation among the promoter regions of five B1 gene copies in SY20,two dominant markers were developed and found to cosegregate with B1 in a population of 931 wheat accessions.All 77 awnless accessions harbored sequence variations in the B1 promoter regions similar to those of SY20 and thus carried multiple copies of the gene,whereas 15 randomly selected awned wheats carried only one copy.These results suggest that an increase in copy number of the B1 gene is associated with inhibition of awn length.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31901544 and 2071999)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFD0100801)。
文摘Fusarium head blight(FHB)is one of the most detrimental wheat diseases which greatly decreases the yield and grain quality,especially in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River of China.Fhb1 and Fhb2 are two major resistance loci against Fusarium graminearum.Yangmai 15(YM15)is one of the most popular varieties in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River,and it has good weak gluten characters but poor resistance to FHB.Here we used Fhb1 and Fhb2 to improve the FHB resistance of YM15 by a molecular marker-assisted selection(MAS)backcrossing strategy.The selection of agronomic traits was performed for each generation.We successfully selected seven introgressed lines which carry homozygous Fhb1 and Fhb2 with significantly higher FHB resistance than the recurrent parent YM15.Three of the introgressed lines had agronomic and quality characters that were similar to YM15.This study demonstrates that the pyramiding of Fhb1 and Fhb2 could significantly improve the FHB resistance in wheat using the MAS approach.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(91935303)the Sichuan Province Science and Technology Department Crops Breeding Project,China(2021YFYZ0002)+1 种基金the Crop Molecular Breeding Platform of Sichuan Province,China(2021YFYZ0027)the Foundation for Youth of Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences and the Sichuan Provincial Agricultural Department Innovative Research Team,China(wheat-10)。
文摘Exploring novel high molecular weight glutenin subunits(HMW-GSs)from wild related species is a strategy to improve wheat processing quality.The objective of the present investigation was to identify the chromosomes of the wheatalien introgression line N124,derived from the hybridization between Triticum aestivum with Aegilops kotschyi,and characterize the effects on quality-related traits.Fluorescence in situ hybridization karyotypes showed that N124 is a disomic 1U^(k)(1A)substitution line.Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis(SDS-PAGE)and reversedphase high-performance liquid chromatography verified N124 expressed two HMW-GSs of the Ae.kotschyi parent.PacBio RNA sequencing and phylogenetic analysis confirmed that the two HMW-GSs were U^(k)x and U^(k)y.Compared to the wheat parent,the substitution line had no obvious agronomic defects except fewer grains per spike but improved several major quality parameters.It can be served as a donor or bridge material for wheat quality improvement.
