Pyropia haitanensis polysaccharide extends lifespan by inhibiting protein aggregation in Caenorhabditis elegans

Pyropia haitanensis polysaccharide(LP)have been found for having many excellent functions such as anti-aging.Using Caenorhabditis elegans models,we evaluated the anti-aging activity of LP by observing the lifespan,reproduction,pharyngeal pumping,stress response,quantitative fluorescence of polyglutamic acid,and nuclear localization of DAF-16 of worms.The results reveal that LP could extend the adult lifespan of wild-type and polyQ nematodes,indicating a connection of its anti-aging benefit with the toxicity-suppressing effect.The number of polyglutamic acid aggregates in high concentration groups decreased by 24.39%(P<0.05)to the control.The high-dose group strongly induced DAF-16 nuclear translocation over intermediate and cytosolic localizations compared with the control(P<0.001).Therefore,we believe that LP could extend the lifespan and reduce the protein aggregation in C.elegans through nuclear DAF-16∷GFP expression.

CHARACTERIZATION OF MOLECULAR MASS OF SIX WATER-SOLUBLE POLYSACCHARIDE -PROTEIN COMPLEXES FROM GANODERMA TSUGAE MYCELIUM

Six water-soluble polysaccharide-protein complexes coded as GM1, GM2, GM3, GM4, GM5 and GM6 wereisolated from the mycelium of Ganoderma tsugae by extracting with 0.2 mol/L phosphate buffer solution at 25, 40 and80℃, water at 120℃, 0.5 mol/L aqueous NaOH solution at 25 and 65℃, consecutively. Their chemical components wereanalyzed by using IR, GC, HPLC and ^(13)C-NMR, and some new results were obtained. The four samples GM1, GM2, GM3and GM4 are heteropolysaccharide-prote in complexes, in which, α- (1→3) linked D-glucose is the major monosaccharidewhile galactose, mannose and ribose are the secondary ones. GM5 and GM6 are β-(1→3)-D-glucan-protein complexes. Theprotein content increased from 32% to 69% with the progress of isolation. Weight-average molecu1ar mass M_w and theintrinsic viscosity [η] of the GM samples in 0.5 mol/L aqueous NaCl solution at 25℃ were measured systematically by laserlight scartering (LLS), size exclusion chromatography (SEC) combined with LLS, and viscometry. The M_w of GM1 to GM6are 35.5, 46.8, 58.9, 41.6, 3.3 and 22.0×10~4, respectively. The conformation and molecular mass of the two fractions of sample GM5 were characterized satisfactorily by SEC-LLS without further fractionation.

X-pert联合NOD2、ATG16L1在活动性肺结核患者疾病转归评估中的应用价值

目的 分析X-pert联合核苷酸结合寡聚化结构域蛋白2(NOD2)、自噬相关蛋白16样蛋白1(ATG16L1)在活动性肺结核患者疾病转归评估中的应用价值。方法 前瞻性选取2023年4月至2024年4月池州市人民医院收治的110例活动性肺结核患者为研究对象。所有患者均行抗结核治疗、疾病转归评估,将转归患者60例作为转归组,未转归患者50例作为未转归组。收集两组患者的临床资料(年龄、体重指数、性别、吸烟史、贫血、累及肺野数、肺部空洞病变、利福平耐药)。治疗前行X-pert、NOD2、ATG16L1检测,比较两组X-pert阳性率及NOD2、ATG16L1表达水平。采用多因素Logistics回归分析分析活动性肺结核患者疾病转归的影响因素,采用受试者操作特征(ROC)曲线分析X-pert、NOD2、ATG16L1对活动性肺结核患者疾病转归的预测价值。结果 两组体重指数、吸烟史、贫血、累及肺野数、利福平耐药比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);与转归组相比,未转归组患者年龄较大[(56.15±19.34)vs.(63.18±12.84)岁],男性(71.67 vs. 90.00)%、肺部空洞病变(11.67 vs. 32.00)%比例较高,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。与转归组相比,未转归组患者X-pert阳性率(75.00 vs. 90.00)%、NOD2[(164.31±15.55)vs.(199.29±24.63)ng/L]、ATG16L1[(8.95±1.1.74)vs.(12.15±2.26)ng/L]表达水平均较高,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素Logistics回归分析结果显示,年龄、性别、肺部空洞病变、X-pert、NOD2、ATG16L1为活动性肺结核患者疾病转归的危险因素(P<0.05)。与X-pert、NOD2、ATG16L1单项诊断相比,X-pert、NOD2、ATG16L1联合检测对活动性肺结核患者疾病转归的预测价值较高(P<0.05)。结论 疾病未转归活动性肺结核患者X-pert阳性率、NOD2、ATG16L1表达水平均高于转归患者,X-pert、NOD2、ATG16L1为活动性肺结核患者疾病转归的危险因素,X-pert联合NOD2、ATG16L1对活动性肺结核患者疾病转归的预测价值较高,为活动性肺结核患者疾病转归评估提供了有效依据。

The prognostic value of serum C-reactive protein-bound serum amyloid A in early-stage lung cancer

Background:Elevated levels of serum C-reactive protein(CRP) have been reported to have prognostic significance in lung cancer patients.This study aimed to further identify CRP-bound components as prognostic markers for lung cancer and validate their prognostic value.Methods:CRP-bound components obtained from the serum samples from lung cancer patients or healthy controls were analyzed by differential proteomics analysis.CRP-bound serum amyloid A(CRP-SAA) was evaluated by coimmunoprecipitation(IP).Serum samples from two independent cohorts with lung cancer(retrospective cohort,242patients;prospective cohort,222 patients) and healthy controls(159 subjects) were used to evaluate the prognostic value of CRP-SAA by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Results:CRP-SAA was identified specifically in serum samples from lung cancer patients by proteomic analysis.CRP binding to SAA was confirmed by co-IP in serum samples from lung cancer patients and cell culture media.The level of CRP-SAA was significantly higher in patients than in healthy controls(0.37 ± 0.58 vs.0.03 ± 0.04,P < 0.001).Elevated CRP-SAA levels were significantly associated with severe clinical features of lung cancer.The elevation of CRPSAA was associated with lower survival rates for both the retrospective(hazard ration[HR]= 2.181,95%confidence interval[CI]= 1.641-2.897,P < 0.001) and the prospective cohorts(HR = 2.744,95%CI = 1.810-4.161,P < 0.001).Multivariate Cox analysis showed that CRP-SAA was an independent prognostic marker for lung cancer.Remarkably,in stages l-ll patients,only CRP-SAA,not total SAA or CRP,showed significant association with overall survival in two cohorts.Moreover,univariate and multivariate Cox analyses also showed that only CRP-SAA could be used as an independent prognostic marker for early-stage lung cancer patients.Conclusion:CRP-SAA could be a better prognostic marker for lung cancer than total SAA or CRP,especially in earlystage patients.

Influence of bioactive sulphated polysaccharide-protein complexes on hepatocarcinogenesis, angiogenesis and immunomodulatory activities

Objective:To explore the in vivo anticancer,anti-angiogenesis and immunomodulatory efficacies of the bioactive polysaccharide isolated from cold aqueous extract of Jania rubens(JCEM) and Pterocladia capillacea(PCEM) as well as hot aqueous extract of Enteromorpha intestinalis(EHEM) against hepatocellular carcinoma rat model(HCC) and to study their chemical composition.Methods:The sugars and amino acids composition of the bioactive polysaccharides of JCEM,PCEM and EHEM were determined using gas liquid chromatography and amino acid analyzer,respectively.These polysaccharide extracts(20 mg/kg b.wt.for 5 weeks) were assessed on hepatocarcinogenesis in rats and α-fetoprotein(AFP),carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA),glypican-3(GPC-3),hepatocyte growth factor(HGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) and Ig G levels were evaluated.Results:The GLC analysis of JCEM,PCEM and EHEM polysaccharide revealed the presence of 10,9 and10 sugars,in addition the amino acid analyser enable identification of 16,15 and 15 amino acids,respectively.These polysaccharide extracts of JCEM,PCEM and EHEM produced significant decrease in serum AFP,CEA,GPC-3,HGF and VEGF compared with untreated HCC group.JCEM,PCEM and EHEM had an immunostimulatory responses by increasing the IgG levels as compared by naive value(1.23,1.53 and 1.17 folds),respectively.The bioactive polysaccharides in HCC induced rats improved the humoral immune response.The photomicrographs of liver tissue sections of the groups of HCC treated with polysaccharide extracts of Jania rubens and Enteromorpha intestinalis showed intact histological structure.Moreover,fractions HE1,HE4,HE7 obtained from polysaccharide of EHEM showed moderate cytotoxic activity against Hep G2 in vitro with IC_(50) 73.1,42.6,76.2 μg/mL.However,fractions of PCEM and JCEM show no or weak cytotoxicity against Hep G2 in vitro where the cytotoxic activity of their crude polysaccharide extract proved synergetic effect.Conclusions:The pronounced antitumor activity of sulphated polysaccharide-protein complexes of JCEM and EHEM is due to direct cytotoxic activity,anti-hepatocarcinogensis,and anti-angiogenesis.In addition,JCEM,PCEM and EHEM had an immunostimulatory response and improved the humoral immune response in HCC induced rats.

巴戟天多糖通过上调沉默信息调节因子1抑制炎性牙周膜细胞NOD样受体热蛋白结构域相关蛋白3的表达及活性

目的 探讨炎性微环境下巴戟天多糖(MOP)对牙周膜细胞沉默信息调节因子1(SIRT1)及NOD样受体热蛋白结构域相关蛋白3(NLRP3)表达的影响。方法 将30只大鼠随机分为对照组(n=6)和模型组(n=24),模型组采用正畸丝结扎法建立牙周炎模型,3周后每组各处死6只大鼠,Micro-CT检测确认建模成功。剩余模型组大鼠随机分为牙周炎自然恢复组、生理盐水(NS)组和MOP组。MOP组于大鼠左上颌第一磨牙腭侧注射MOP [200 mg/(kg·3d),50μL,持续4周],NS组注射等体积NS,牙周炎自然恢复组不做任何处理。取大鼠左上颌骨组织,采用苏木精-伊红(HE)染色观察牙周膜细胞病理改变,免疫组织化学检测SIRT1、NLRP3表达量。体外培养人牙周膜成纤维细胞(hPDLFs),CCK-8检测MOP对细胞活性的影响。将第4代细胞分为对照组、炎症组(10μg/mL脂多糖)及实验组(5μmol/L MOP,5μmol/L MOP+10μg/mL脂多糖)。利用实时定量聚合酶链反应(qRT-PCR)及Western blot检测SIRT1和NLRP3表达变化,免疫沉淀及酶联免疫法(ELISA)分别检测NLRP3乙酰化及白细胞介素(IL)-1β、IL-18含量。采用Prism 9.0软件对数据进行统计学分析。结果在体内实验中,MOP组较牙周炎自然恢复组和NS组NLRP3表达下降,SIRT1表达升高(P<0.05),炎细胞浸润减少。在体外实验中,与对照组相比,炎症组NLRP3 mRNA和蛋白表达量均增高(P<0.05),SIRT1表达降低(P<0.01);MOP能上调炎症细胞SIRT1表达(P<0.05),降低NLRP3表达及其乙酰化水平(P<0.05),减少上清液中IL-1β、IL-18含量(P<0.01)。结论 炎性牙周膜细胞SIRT1表达降低,NLRP3表达升高;MOP干预能促进SIRT1表达,导致NLRP3表达受抑制,同时通过去乙酰化作用使NLRP3乙酰化水平下降,从而NLRP3活性降低,由此发挥抑制炎症作用。

Promoting genetics in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: Combined risk score through polymorphisms and clinical variables

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) has a prevalence of approximately 30% in western countries, and is emerging as the first cause of liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC). Therefore, risk stratification emerges as fundamental in order to optimize human and economic resources, and genetics displays intrinsic characteristics suitable to fulfill this task. According to the available data, heritability estimates for hepatic fat content range from 20% to 70%, and an almost 80% of shared heritability has been found between hepatic fat content and fibrosis. The rs738409 single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP) in patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein 3 gene and the rs58542926 SNP in transmembrane 6 superfamily member 2 gene have been robustly associated with NAFLD and with its progression, but promising results have been obtained with many other SNPs. Moreover, there has been proof of the additive role of the different SNPs in determining liver damage, and there have been preliminary experiences in which risk scores created through a few genetic variants, alone or in combination with clinical variables, were associated with a strongly potentiated risk of NAFLD, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH), NASH fibrosis or NAFLD-HCC. However, to date, clinical translation of genetics in the field of NAFLD has been poor or absent. Fortunately, the research we have done seems to have placed us on the right path: We should rely on longitudinal rather than on cross-sectional studies; we should focus on relevant outcomes rather than on simple liver fat accumulation; and we should put together the genetic and clinical information. The hope is that combined genetic/clinical scores, derived from longitudinal studies and built on a few strong genetic variants and relevant clinical variables, will reach a significant predictive power, such as to have clinical utility for risk stratification at the single patient level and even to esteem the impact of intervention on the risk of disease-related outcomes. Well-structured future studies would demonstrate if this vision can become a reality.

云芝多糖对巨噬细胞氧化LDL的抑制作用与iNOS基因表达

目的和方法为揭示云艺多糖（PSK）的抗动脉粥样硬化机理，用RT-PCR和Westernblot等方法研究了PSK对巨噬细胞氧化低密度脂蛋白（LDL）的影响。结果PSK处理小鼠的巨噬细胞对LDL的氧化作用明显降低，NO分泌明显增加；PSK增强了IFN-Y对巨噬细胞LDL的抑制作用，减弱了一氧化氮合酶抑制剂N-Arg和DPI对细胞氧化LDL的增强作用；同时PSK能增强IFN-Y对细胞分泌NO的诱导作用，减弱N-Arg对细胞分泌NO的抑制作用；PSK能增强Raw264.7细胞iNOSmRNA和蛋白表达。结论PSK能抑制巨噬细胞对LDL的氧化，其作用机制可能与其能诱导iNOS基因表达有关。

地黄多糖诱导大鼠BMSCs向神经元样细胞分化及对Notch1和Jagged1蛋白表达的影响

目的探讨地黄多糖诱导大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞(BMSCs)分化为神经元样细胞的作用及对Notch1和Jagged1蛋白表达的影响。方法取大鼠P3-P5代BMSCs,随机分为正常对照组(CON组)、神经生长因子组(BDNF组,10μg/ml)和地黄多糖诱导A、B、C组(RGP组,浓度分别为50、100、200μg/ml),诱导后连续培养7d。观察细胞一般形态。采用Western blotting检测CON组与RGP C组神经标志物相关蛋白神经巢蛋白(Nestin)、βⅢ-微管蛋白(βⅢ-tubulin)、神经元特异性烯醇化酶(NSE)、胶质纤维酸性蛋白(GFAP)的表达,免疫荧光法和Western blotting分别检测各组诱导后0、1、3、7d时Notch1、Jagged1蛋白和Notch1胞内段NICD的表达。结果 CON组始终以梭形细胞为主,RGP C组第5天起出现神经元样细胞。Western blotting检测到RGP C组Nestin蛋白表达由强到弱,NSE和βⅢ-tubulin蛋白表达由弱到强,GFAP蛋白呈弱表达。免疫荧光结果显示,RGP各组各时间点Notch1蛋白阳性细胞率均显著低于CON组(P<0.05),且随时间延长Notch1蛋白表达阳性率逐渐降低;RGP C组中Jagged1阳性细胞率诱导后1d时具有明显的上升趋势,而后显著下降(P<0.05),BDNF组基本无Jagged1蛋白表达。Western blotting检测结果与免疫荧光检测结果类似。结论地黄多糖具有诱导BMSCs向神经元样细胞分化的作用,且可影响Notch1和Jagged1蛋白的表达。

Protein-polysaccharide nanocomplexes as nanocarriers for delivery of curcumin: a comprehensive review on preparation methods and encapsulation mechanisms

Curcumin, commonly used as a coloring agent as well as food additive, has exhibited great therapeutic efficacy for development of functional foods. In order to expand its applications in food, strategies are needed to tackle the poor water-solubility, bioavailability and bioaccessibility of curcumin. Nanoparticles made from individual biomaterials such as proteins, polysaccharides and lipids have been introduced and their properties have been comprehensively studied. Recently, there has been an increasing interest in nanocomplexes made from two or more biomaterials because of their ability to composite the advantages of various components. This review has specific focus on the nanocomplexes fabricated from proteins and polysaccharides. First, complexation methods with or without chemical covalent bond formation are summarized, while different methods with different degrees of complexation are discussed. The encapsulation strategies of curcumin, both traditional and newly invented, are also compared. Then, the structure and physicochemical properties of the resulting binary or ternary nanocomplexes are discussed in detail, as well as a comparison of the delivery efficiency. Last but not least, the current limitations and future directions in the development of curcumin-loaded biopolymer nanoparticles for the design of future food products are presented.

云芝多糖对冠心病患者血清OxLDL和NO含量的影响

为探讨云芝多糖对动脉粥样硬化（ＡＳ）的治疗作用，我们用氧化修饰低密度脂蛋白（Ｏｘ－ＬＤＬ）单克隆抗体检测和硝酸还原酶法观察了冠心病患者血清ＯｘＬＤＬ和ＮＯ含量的变化以及云芝多糖对这些变化的影响，结果显示：（１）冠心病组血清ＯｘＬＤＬ含量显著高于正常对照组（Ｐ＜０．０１），ＮＯ含量显著低于正常对照组（Ｐ<０.０１〕；（２）口服云之多糖３０天后冠心病患者血清ＯｘＬＤＬ含量明显下降（Ｐ＜０．０１）而ＮＯ含量显著升高（Ｐ＜０．０１）。提示云芝多糊４冠心病具有一定的治疗作用。

枸杞多糖对动脉粥样硬化模型兔血脂、脂质过氧化、NO和C-反应蛋白的影响

目的:探讨枸杞多糖对新西兰兔动脉粥样硬化的预防作用及其机制。方法:36只雄性新西兰兔随机分 为3组,每组12只。对照组喂普通饲料,模型组采用普通饲料加质量分数1.5%的胆固醇喂养,枸杞多糖(LBP)组 采用普通饲料加质量分数1.5%的胆固醇喂养,同时腹腔注射LBP(3.0mg/kg),10周后,测定各组空腹血清三酯酰 甘油(TG)、总胆固醇(TCh)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL- C)、一氧化氮(NO)、丙二醛(MDA)、C -反应蛋白(CRP)含 量以及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性,计算主动脉内膜粥样斑块面积并观察主动脉形态学变化。结果:模型组与对照 组比较,TG、TCh、NO、MDA、CRP升高(P<0.01),HDL- C/TCh、SOD活性下降(P<0.01),主动脉内膜粥样斑块面积 较大(P<0.01);LBP组与模型组比较,TG、NO、MDA、CRP下降(P<0.01或0.05),HDL -C/TCh、SOD活性升高 (P<0.01),主动脉内膜粥样斑块面积明显减少(P<0.05)。结论:枸杞多糖对动脉粥样硬化有明显的预防和治疗 作用,可能与其抗氧化、免疫调节、提高HDL- C/TCh有关。

泥蚶(Tegillarca granosa)生长因子受体结合蛋白2(GRB2)基因的克隆与表达分析

通过已构建的泥蚶(Tegillarca granosa)转录组文库,利用SMART RACE技术扩增得到泥蚶Tg-GRB2基因的全长cDNA序列,并对其生物信息学、组织表达及发育阶段表达特征进行了分析。结果表明,泥蚶Tg-GRB2 cDNA全长1283bp,开放阅读框为708bp,编码236个氨基酸;蛋白结构预测显示,Tg-GRB2蛋白包含SH3-SH2-SH3三个功能域,SH2结构域由两端的α-螺旋和中间反向平行的β-折叠片构成,SH3结构域主要由β-折叠片组成,具备典型的结构特征;氨基酸序列比对发现,Tg-GRB2与脊椎动物的同源性为62.1%—63.8%,而与玻璃海鞘和日本血吸虫同源性较低。qRT-PCR检测结果显示:Tg-GRB2 mRNA在泥蚶血液、斧足、鳃、外套膜、闭壳肌、内脏团6个组织中都有表达,而在血液中的表达量极显著地高于其它组织;在泥蚶的不同发育阶段中,Tg-GRB2 mRNA在2—4细胞胚胎、原肠胚、担轮幼虫、D形幼虫中均有较高的表达量,而在D形幼虫中表达量最高,表明Tg-GRB2基因在泥蚶早期发育中发挥重要调节作用。

黄芪多糖通过活化AMPK-eNOS信号通路减轻游离脂肪酸对人血管内皮细胞的损伤

目的:研究黄芪多糖对游离脂肪酸所诱导的血管内皮细胞损伤的作用及机制。方法:培养人脐静脉内皮细胞(HUVECs),实验分为正常对照组、黄芪多糖组[黄芪多糖(200 mg/L)处理24 h]、游离脂肪酸组[游离脂肪酸(0.25 mmol/L)共同处理24 h]、游离脂肪酸加黄芪多糖组[游离脂肪酸(0.25 mmol/L)和黄芪多糖(200 mg/L)共同处理24 h]和compound C组[游离脂肪酸(0.25 mmol/L)、黄芪多糖(200 mg/L)及AMPK阻断剂compound C(10μmol/L)处理24 h]。采用MTT法检测细胞活性,硝酸还原酶法测定培养液中一氧化氮(NO)含量,Western blot法测细胞总腺苷酸活化蛋白激酶(AMPK)、磷酸化腺苷酸活化蛋白激酶(p-AMPK)、内皮型一氧化氮合酶(e NOS)及磷酸化内皮型一氧化氮合酶(p-e NOS)的蛋白水平。结果:黄芪多糖组各项指标较正常对照组无显著差异。MTT结果显示游离脂肪酸组的细胞活性较正常对照组明显下降,游离脂肪酸加黄芪多糖组的细胞活性较游离脂肪酸组明显好转,compound C组的细胞活性与游离脂肪酸组无显著差异。游离脂肪酸组的NO含量及p-AMPK、p-e NOS水平较对照组明显减少,黄芪多糖能显著抑制游离脂肪酸所致的NO含量及p-AMPK、p-e NOS水平的减少,compound C则可阻断黄芪多糖的作用。各组AMPK及e NOS表达均无明显差异。结论:黄芪多糖可以减轻游离脂肪酸诱导的血管内皮细胞损伤,其机制与AMPK-e NOS信号通路有关。

复方中药多糖对体外脾淋巴细胞增殖、NO生成和蛋白激酶G的影响

将5种不同浓度复方中药多糖(CPPS)加入到小鼠脾淋巴细胞中培养48 h,观察CPPS对小鼠脾淋巴细胞增殖、对体外培养的脾淋巴细胞中NO的生成和蛋白激酶G(PKG)活性的影响。结果显示,CPPS能显著提高淋巴细胞增殖,显著升高细胞培养液中NO的生成,细胞内PKG活性明显提高,且CPPS、NO和PKG与淋巴细胞增殖有一定相关性。CPPS可能通过NO介导信号通路,引起第二信使环化鸟苷酸(cGMP)生成,从而提高PKG活性促进淋巴细胞的增殖,发挥其免疫调节作用。

Biotechnological Transformation of Lignocellulosic Biomass in to Industrial Products: An Overview

Lignocellulose—a major component of biomass available on earth is a renewable and abundantly available with great potential for bioconversion to value-added bio-products. The review aims at physio-chemical features of lignocellulosic biomass and composition of different lignocellulosic materials. This work is an overview about the conversion of lignocellulosic biomass into bio-energy products such as bio-ethanol, 1-butanol, bio-methane, bio-hydrogen, organic acids including citric acid, succinic acid and lactic acid, microbial polysaccharides, single cell protein and xylitol. The biotechnological aspect of bio-transformation of lignocelluloses research and its future prospects are also discussed.

八株海洋微藻Nannochloris sp.生长及生化性状评价

通过对从南海海域筛选分离纯化的8株Nannochloris sp.海洋微藻进行生长和生化特性分析,评估该属微藻的生产应用潜力。采用干重法、索氏提取法、凯氏定氮法、苯酚硫酸法、气相色谱质谱联用分别测定微藻生长以及油脂、蛋白质、多糖含量及脂肪酸组成。结果表明,8株微藻的最大生物量干重为0.39-0.91 g/L,生长最快的为SCS-761藻株;总脂含量为(19.06-33.67)%,其中SCS-249、SCS-589、SCS-655藻株总脂含量超过25%,且SCS-655藻株油脂产率高达22.23±0.71 mg/(L·d);SCS-249、SCS-325、SCS-355、SCS-640、SCS-769藻株蛋白质含量超过30%,其中SCS-640藻株蛋白质含量最高(36.70±2.20)%;而各株藻的多糖含量介于19.23%-29.34%,其中SCS-761最高,SCS-655最低。另外,脂肪酸组成分析结果显示8株微藻的脂肪酸组成结构相似,主要为C16饱和脂肪酸和C18系脂肪酸。不饱和脂肪酸以亚油酸相对含量最高,SCS-249、SCS-355、SCS-761藻株亚油酸相对含量超过40%。海洋微藻Nannochloris生物活性物质资源丰富,含有较高的脂质、蛋白质和亚油酸含量,应用潜力可观,应对该属微藻进行更为深入的研究开发,为该属微藻高值化综合性开发奠定基础。

Effect of ionic strength and mixing ratio on complex coacervation of soy protein isolate/Flammulina velutipes polysaccharide

Soy protein isolate(SPI)is a commercial protein with balanced amino acids,while the poor solubility impedes its use in traditional foods.To overcome the problem,the complex coacervation of SPI/Flammulina velutipes polysaccharide(FVP)were investigated.Initial results revealed that the suitable amounts of FVP contributed to reducing the turbidity of SPI solution.Under electrostatic interaction,the formation of SPI/FVP coacervates were spontaneous and went through a nucleation and growth process.Low salt concentration(C_(NaCl)=10,50 mmol/L)led to an increase in the critical pH values(pHc,pHφ1)while the critical pH values decreased when C_(NaCl)≥100 mmol/L.The concentration of NaCl ions increased the content ofα-helix.With the increase of FVP,the critical pH values decreased and the content ofβ-sheet increased through electrostatic interaction.At SPI/FVP ratio of 10:1 and 15:1,the complex coacervation of SPI/FVP were saturated,and the coacervates had the same storage modulus value.SPI/FVP coacervates exhibited solid-like properties and presented the strongest storage modulus at C_(NaCl)=50 mmol/L.The optimal pH,SPI/FVP ratio and NaCl concentration of complex coacervation were collected,and the coacervates demonstrated a valuable application potential to protect and deliver bioactives and food ingredients.

Highly Efficient Heavy-Metal-Ion Removal from Shellfish Processing Liquid with Low Protein and Polysaccharide Loss by Hybrid Mesoporous Silica Diol-APDC-SBA15

Heavy metal ions in shellfish products are harmful to human health,and their removal with low nutrient loss remains challenging.Herein,a new type of mesoporous silica(SBA15),modified internally with ammonium pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate(APDC)and externally with alkyl-diol groups,which was named as Diol-APDC-SBA15,was successfully developed and characterized by powder X-ray diffraction patterns,nitrogen adsorption,and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.The solutions with lead,chromium,cadmium,and copper were used to investigate the adsorption capacity of Diol-APDC-SBA15.Diol-APDC-SBA15 was adopted to remove heavy metals from cooking liquids of clams(Ruditapes philippinarum),hydrolysate liquids of oysters(Ostrea gigas Thunberg),and polysaccharide solution from the cooking liquid of R.philippinarum.The efficiencies of removing heavy metal ions and the loss rates of proteins and polysaccharides were examined.The results showed that the adsorption capacities of Diol-APDCSBA15 for Pb,Cr,Cd,and Cu in standard heavy-metal solutions were 161.4,166.1,29.6,and 60.2mgg^(−1),respectively.The removal efficiency of Diol-APDC-SBA15 for Pb in the three shellfish processing liquids ranged from 60.5%to 99.6%.The Cr removal efficiency was above 99.9%in the oyster hydrolysate liquid.Meanwhile,the percentages of polysaccharide loss were 5.5%and 3.7%in the cooking liquid of clam and polysaccharide solution,respectively,and the protein loss was 1.2%in the oyster hydrolysate liquid.Therefore,the Diol-APDC-SBA15 material exhibits a great potential application in the removal of heavy metals from shellfish processing liquids with low losses of proteins and polysaccharides.

Novel polysaccharide-protein conjugates provide an immunogenic 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine for S.pneumoniae

Pneumonia remains the single leading cause of childhood death worldwide.Despite the commercial availability of multiple pneumococcal conjugate vaccines(PCVs),high dosage cost and supply shortages prevent PCV delivery to much of the developing world.The current work presents high-yield pneumococcal conjugates that are immunogenic in animals and suitable for use in human vaccine development.The 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine(PCV-13)investigated in this research incorporated serotypes 1,3,4,5,6A,6B,7F,9V,14,18C,19A,19F,and 23F.Pneumococcal polysaccharides(PnPSs)and CRM197 carrier protein were produced and purified in-house,and used to prepare PnPS-CRM conjugates using unique,cyanide-free,in vacuo glycation conjugation methods.In vitro characterization confirmed the generation of higher molecular weight PnPS-CRM conjugates low in free protein.In vivo animal studies were performed to compare PnuVax's PCV-13 to the commercially available PCV-13,Prevnar®13(Pfizer,USA).A boost dose was provided to all groups post-dose 1 at t?14 days.Post-dose 2 results at t?28 days showed that all 13 serotypes in PnuVax's PCV-13 were boostable.Per serotype IgG GMCs demonstrated that PnuVax's PCV-13 is immunogenic for all 13 serotypes,with 10 of the 13 serotypes statistically the same or higher than Prevnar®13 post-dose 2.As a result,the novel polysaccharideprotein conjugates developed in this work are highly promising for use in human PCV development.The in vacuo conjugation technique applied in this work could also be readily adapted to develop many other conjugate vaccines.