Objective: Appetite loss is seen in 90% to 95% of patients with acute appendicitis;however, the cause of this symptom remains unknown. This study is performed to determine whether changes in the blood levels of two an...Objective: Appetite loss is seen in 90% to 95% of patients with acute appendicitis;however, the cause of this symptom remains unknown. This study is performed to determine whether changes in the blood levels of two anorexigenic hormones, leptin and NUCB2/nesfatin-1, can help to diagnose acute appendicitis in children and whether these two parameters can distinguish acute appendicitis from abdominal pain. Methods: Sixty children with comparable ages and body mass indices are divided into three groups of 20 children each: those with acute appendicitis, those with abdominal pain, and controls. The blood sample with acute appendicitis is taken preoperatively (T1), and subsequent samples are taken 24 hrs postoperatively (T2) and 3 days postoperatively (T3). The blood sample with abdominal pain subjects is also taken in the corresponding times with those with acute appendicitis while blood sample from controls is only taken in the T1 corresponding time. Leptin and NUCB2/nesfatin-1 levels are measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: The serum leptin levels are significantly higher preoperatively than postoperatively in all three groups. The NUCB2/nesfatin-1 levels at T1 in acute appendicitis are significantly higher than those at T2 in all three groups, but are restored at T3 to levels similar to those of controls. Neutrophil percentage has a sensitivity of 100%, and specificity of 76.32%, NUCB2/nesfatin-1 level has a sensitivity of 47% and specificity of 95%, and the leptin level has a sensitivity of 64% and specificity of 51% in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis. Conclusions: High preoperative leptin and NUCB2/nesfatin-1 levels may be a causative factor for appetite suppression observed in patients with acute appendicitis. High preoperative and low postoperative serum leptin and NUCB2/nesfatin-1 concentrations may serve as new candidate biomarkers that help to distinguish acute appendicitis from abdominal pain in children in addition to high CRP concentration, high WBC count, and neutrophilia.展开更多
AIM To determine whether Nucb2/nesfatin1 production is regulated by the cannabinoid system through the intracellular m TOR pathway in the stomach.METHODS Sprague Dawley rats were treated with vehicle, rimonabant, rapa...AIM To determine whether Nucb2/nesfatin1 production is regulated by the cannabinoid system through the intracellular m TOR pathway in the stomach.METHODS Sprague Dawley rats were treated with vehicle, rimonabant, rapamycin or rapamycin+rimonabant. Gastric tissue obtained from the animals was used for biochemical assays: Nucb2 m RNA measurement by real time PCR, gastric Nucb2/nesfatin protein content by western blot, and gastric explants to obtain gastric secretomes. Nucb2/nesfatin levels were measured in gastric secretomes and plasma using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS The inhibition of cannabinoid receptor 1(CB1) by the peripheral injection of an inverse agonist, namely rimonabant, decreases food intake and increases the gastric secretion and circulating levels of Nucb2/nesfatin-1. In addition, rimonabant treatment activates m TOR pathway in the stomach as showed by the increase in pm TOR/m TOR expression in gastric tissue obtained from rimonabant treated animals. These effects were confirmed by the use of a CB1 antagonist, AM281. When the intracellular pathway m TOR/S6 k was inactivated by chronic treatment with rapamycin, rimonabant treatment was no longer able to stimulate the gastric secretion of Nucb2/nesfatin-1.CONCLUSION The peripheral cannabinoid system regulates food intake through a mechanism that implies gastric production and release of Nucb2/Nesfatin-1, which is mediated by the m TOR/S6 k pathway.展开更多
文摘Objective: Appetite loss is seen in 90% to 95% of patients with acute appendicitis;however, the cause of this symptom remains unknown. This study is performed to determine whether changes in the blood levels of two anorexigenic hormones, leptin and NUCB2/nesfatin-1, can help to diagnose acute appendicitis in children and whether these two parameters can distinguish acute appendicitis from abdominal pain. Methods: Sixty children with comparable ages and body mass indices are divided into three groups of 20 children each: those with acute appendicitis, those with abdominal pain, and controls. The blood sample with acute appendicitis is taken preoperatively (T1), and subsequent samples are taken 24 hrs postoperatively (T2) and 3 days postoperatively (T3). The blood sample with abdominal pain subjects is also taken in the corresponding times with those with acute appendicitis while blood sample from controls is only taken in the T1 corresponding time. Leptin and NUCB2/nesfatin-1 levels are measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: The serum leptin levels are significantly higher preoperatively than postoperatively in all three groups. The NUCB2/nesfatin-1 levels at T1 in acute appendicitis are significantly higher than those at T2 in all three groups, but are restored at T3 to levels similar to those of controls. Neutrophil percentage has a sensitivity of 100%, and specificity of 76.32%, NUCB2/nesfatin-1 level has a sensitivity of 47% and specificity of 95%, and the leptin level has a sensitivity of 64% and specificity of 51% in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis. Conclusions: High preoperative leptin and NUCB2/nesfatin-1 levels may be a causative factor for appetite suppression observed in patients with acute appendicitis. High preoperative and low postoperative serum leptin and NUCB2/nesfatin-1 concentrations may serve as new candidate biomarkers that help to distinguish acute appendicitis from abdominal pain in children in addition to high CRP concentration, high WBC count, and neutrophilia.
基金Supported by Instituto de Salud Carlos III,No.PI15/01272 cofounded by FEDERFondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias(LS:I3SNS-SERGAS/ISCIII)Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición(CIBERobn)is a iniciative of the Instituto de Salud Carlos III(ISCIII)of Spain which is supported by FEDER funds
文摘AIM To determine whether Nucb2/nesfatin1 production is regulated by the cannabinoid system through the intracellular m TOR pathway in the stomach.METHODS Sprague Dawley rats were treated with vehicle, rimonabant, rapamycin or rapamycin+rimonabant. Gastric tissue obtained from the animals was used for biochemical assays: Nucb2 m RNA measurement by real time PCR, gastric Nucb2/nesfatin protein content by western blot, and gastric explants to obtain gastric secretomes. Nucb2/nesfatin levels were measured in gastric secretomes and plasma using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS The inhibition of cannabinoid receptor 1(CB1) by the peripheral injection of an inverse agonist, namely rimonabant, decreases food intake and increases the gastric secretion and circulating levels of Nucb2/nesfatin-1. In addition, rimonabant treatment activates m TOR pathway in the stomach as showed by the increase in pm TOR/m TOR expression in gastric tissue obtained from rimonabant treated animals. These effects were confirmed by the use of a CB1 antagonist, AM281. When the intracellular pathway m TOR/S6 k was inactivated by chronic treatment with rapamycin, rimonabant treatment was no longer able to stimulate the gastric secretion of Nucb2/nesfatin-1.CONCLUSION The peripheral cannabinoid system regulates food intake through a mechanism that implies gastric production and release of Nucb2/Nesfatin-1, which is mediated by the m TOR/S6 k pathway.
