AIM: To investigate the role of Na<sup>+</sup>/K<sup>+</sup>/2Cl<sup>-</sup> cotransporter 1 (NKCC1) in the regulation of genes involved in cell cycle progression and the clinicopat...AIM: To investigate the role of Na<sup>+</sup>/K<sup>+</sup>/2Cl<sup>-</sup> cotransporter 1 (NKCC1) in the regulation of genes involved in cell cycle progression and the clinicopathological significance of its expression in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC).展开更多
The title complex [Na（H2MIA-）（H2O）]（1,H3MIA = 2-methyl-1H-imidazole-4,5-dicarboxylic acid） has been synthesized by hydrothermal synthesis and structurally characterized by X-ray crystallography.Compound 1 crysta...The title complex [Na（H2MIA-）（H2O）]（1,H3MIA = 2-methyl-1H-imidazole-4,5-dicarboxylic acid） has been synthesized by hydrothermal synthesis and structurally characterized by X-ray crystallography.Compound 1 crystallizes in orthorhombic,space group ibam with a = 14.4737（19）,b = 17.553（2）,c = 6.5285（9）,V = 1658.6（4） 3,C6H7N2NaO5,Mr = 210.12,Z = 8,Dc = 1.675 g/cm3,F（000） = 864,μ = 0.188 mm-1,λ（MoKα） = 0.071073 ,R = 0.0383 and wR = 0.0987 for 1046 observed reflections（I 2σ（I））.In the structure of 1,each coordination water coordinates with two Na（I） ions at the same time and links the neighboring Na（I） ions to form a one-dimensional Na（I）-water chain.Each H2MIA-ligand links the neighboring Na（I） of Na（I）-water chain to form a novel two-dimensional supramolecular network.The 2-D network is stabilized by O-H…N hydrogen bonds and π-π interaction.The 2D network is further linked via O-H…O hydrogen bonds to yield a three-dimensional framework.展开更多
AIM To determine the expression and localization of the electrogenic Na^+/HCO_3^- cotransporter(NBC1) in rat pancreas during development. METHODS The rat pancreas from postnatal and embryos removed from the uterus of ...AIM To determine the expression and localization of the electrogenic Na^+/HCO_3^- cotransporter(NBC1) in rat pancreas during development. METHODS The rat pancreas from postnatal and embryos removed from the uterus of pregnant rats that had been sacrificed by CO2 asphyxiation were used. Rat pancreas from embryonic day(E) 15.5 and E18.5 rat embryos was isolated under a stereomicroscope. Rat pancreas from postnatal(P) days 0, 7, 14, 21 and adult was directly isolated by the unaided eye. The RT-PCR analysis of the NBC1 specific region on rat pancreastissues from different developmental stages. The two antibodies which target the NBC1 common COOHterminal region and NH2-terminal region detected a clear band of about 145 k Da in the Western blot analysis. The localization of NBC1 was examined by immuno-fluorescence detection. RESULTS The results revealed the first peak of NBC1 expression at E18.5 and the second peak at P14. Meanwhile, the low NBC1 expression occurred at P7 and adult stages. Our results demonstrated, for the first time, the presence of NBC1 in the plasma membrane of β and α cells, as well as in the basolateral membrane of acinar cells of the rat pancreas at different stages of development. CONCLUSION The data strongly suggests that NBC1 is diversely expressed in the pancreas at different developmental stages, where it may exert its functions in pancreatic development especially islet cell growth through HCO_3^- transport and pH regulation.展开更多
AIM: To investigate whether Na<sup>+</sup>-K<sup>+</sup>-2Cl<sup>-</sup> cotransporter (NKCC2) is expressed in the mouse distal colonic epithelia and whether it is regulated by vaso...AIM: To investigate whether Na<sup>+</sup>-K<sup>+</sup>-2Cl<sup>-</sup> cotransporter (NKCC2) is expressed in the mouse distal colonic epithelia and whether it is regulated by vasopressin in the colon.展开更多
AIM To establish a functional and molecular model of the intracellular pH(pH_i) regulatory mechanism in human induced pluripotent stem cells(hiPSCs).METHODS hiP SCs(HPS0077) were kindly provided by Dr. Dai from the Tr...AIM To establish a functional and molecular model of the intracellular pH(pH_i) regulatory mechanism in human induced pluripotent stem cells(hiPSCs).METHODS hiP SCs(HPS0077) were kindly provided by Dr. Dai from the Tri-Service General Hospital(IRB No. B-106-09). Changes in the pH_i were detected either by microspectrofluorimetry or by a multimode reader with a pH-sensitive fluorescent probe, BCECF, and the fluorescent ratio was calibrated by the high K^+/nigericin method. NH_4Cl and Na-acetate prepulse techniques were used to induce rapid intracellular acidosis and alkalization, respectively. The buffering power(β) was calculated from the ΔpH_i induced by perfusing different concentrations of(NH_4)_2SO_4. Western blot techniques and immunocytochemistry staining were used to detect the protein expression of pH_i regulators and pluripotency markers.RESULTS In this study, our results indicated that(1) the steadystate pH_i value was found to be 7.5 ± 0.01(n = 20) and 7.68 ± 0.01(n =20) in HEPES and 5% CO_2/HCO_3^- buffered systems, respectively, which were much greater than that in normal adult cells(7.2);(2) in a CO_2/HCO_3^--buffered system, the values of total intracellular buffering power(β) can be described by the following equation: β_(tot) = 107.79(pH_i)~2-1522.2(pH_i) + 5396.9(correlation coefficient R^2 = 0.85), in the estimated pH_i range of 7.1- 8.0;(3) the Na^+/H^+ exchanger(NHE) and the Na^+/HCO_3^- cotransporter(NBC) were found to be functionally activated for acid extrusion for pHi values less than 7.5 and 7.68, respectively;(4) V-ATPase and some other unknown Na^+-independent acid extruder(s) could only be functionally detected for pHi values less than 7.1;(5) the Cl^-/OH^- exchanger(CHE) and the Cl^- /HCO_3 anion exchanger(AE) were found to be responsible for the weakening of intracellular proton loading;(6) besides the CHE and the AE, a Cl^--independent acid loading mechanism was functionally identified; and(7) in hiPSCs, a strong positive correlation was observed between the loss of pluripotency and the weakening of the intracellular acid extrusion mechanism, which included a decrease in the steady-state pH i value and diminished the functional activity and protein expression of the NHE and the NBC.CONCLUSION For the first time, we established a functional and molecular model of a pHi regulatory mechanism and demonstrated its strong positive correlation with hiPSC pluripotency.展开更多
According to a genome-wide association study,intronic SNPs within the human sterile 20/SPS1-related proline/alanine-rich kinase(SPAK) gene was linked to 20% of the general population and may be associated with elevate...According to a genome-wide association study,intronic SNPs within the human sterile 20/SPS1-related proline/alanine-rich kinase(SPAK) gene was linked to 20% of the general population and may be associated with elevated blood pressure. As cell volume changes,mammalian SPAK kinases respond to phosphorylate and regulate cation-coupled chloride co-transporter activity. To our knowledge,phosphorylation of upstream with-no-lysine(K)(WNK) kinases would activate SPAK kinases. The activation of WNK-OSR1/SPAK cascade on the kidneys and aortic tissue is related to the development of hypertension. Several regulators of the WNK pathway such as the Kelch kinase protein 3-Cullin 3 E3 ligase,hyperinsulinemia,and low potassium intake to mediate hypertension have been identified. In addition,the SPAK kinases may affect the action of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system on blood pressure as well. In 2010,two SPAK knock-in and knock-out mouse models have clarified the pathogenesis of lowering blood pressure by influencing the receptors on the kidneys and aortic smooth muscle. More recently,two novel SPAK inhibitors for mice,Stock 1S-14279 and Closantel were discovered in 2014. Targeting of SPAK seems to be promising for future antihypertensive therapy. Therefore we raised some viewpoints for the issue for the antihypertensive therapy on the SPAK(gene or kinase).展开更多
基金Supported by Grants-in-Aid for Young Scientists(B),NO.22791295,NO.23791557,and NO.24791440a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research(C),NO.22591464 and NO.24591957,from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science
文摘AIM: To investigate the role of Na<sup>+</sup>/K<sup>+</sup>/2Cl<sup>-</sup> cotransporter 1 (NKCC1) in the regulation of genes involved in cell cycle progression and the clinicopathological significance of its expression in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC).
基金supported by the Research Foundation of Educational Department of Jiangxi Province (GJJ10421)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Agricultural University (09003321)
文摘The title complex [Na（H2MIA-）（H2O）]（1,H3MIA = 2-methyl-1H-imidazole-4,5-dicarboxylic acid） has been synthesized by hydrothermal synthesis and structurally characterized by X-ray crystallography.Compound 1 crystallizes in orthorhombic,space group ibam with a = 14.4737（19）,b = 17.553（2）,c = 6.5285（9）,V = 1658.6（4） 3,C6H7N2NaO5,Mr = 210.12,Z = 8,Dc = 1.675 g/cm3,F（000） = 864,μ = 0.188 mm-1,λ（MoKα） = 0.071073 ,R = 0.0383 and wR = 0.0987 for 1046 observed reflections（I 2σ（I））.In the structure of 1,each coordination water coordinates with two Na（I） ions at the same time and links the neighboring Na（I） ions to form a one-dimensional Na（I）-water chain.Each H2MIA-ligand links the neighboring Na（I） of Na（I）-water chain to form a novel two-dimensional supramolecular network.The 2-D network is stabilized by O-H…N hydrogen bonds and π-π interaction.The 2D network is further linked via O-H…O hydrogen bonds to yield a three-dimensional framework.
基金Supported by Development of Medical Science and Technology Project of Jiangsu Province,No.YKK13205
文摘AIM To determine the expression and localization of the electrogenic Na^+/HCO_3^- cotransporter(NBC1) in rat pancreas during development. METHODS The rat pancreas from postnatal and embryos removed from the uterus of pregnant rats that had been sacrificed by CO2 asphyxiation were used. Rat pancreas from embryonic day(E) 15.5 and E18.5 rat embryos was isolated under a stereomicroscope. Rat pancreas from postnatal(P) days 0, 7, 14, 21 and adult was directly isolated by the unaided eye. The RT-PCR analysis of the NBC1 specific region on rat pancreastissues from different developmental stages. The two antibodies which target the NBC1 common COOHterminal region and NH2-terminal region detected a clear band of about 145 k Da in the Western blot analysis. The localization of NBC1 was examined by immuno-fluorescence detection. RESULTS The results revealed the first peak of NBC1 expression at E18.5 and the second peak at P14. Meanwhile, the low NBC1 expression occurred at P7 and adult stages. Our results demonstrated, for the first time, the presence of NBC1 in the plasma membrane of β and α cells, as well as in the basolateral membrane of acinar cells of the rat pancreas at different stages of development. CONCLUSION The data strongly suggests that NBC1 is diversely expressed in the pancreas at different developmental stages, where it may exert its functions in pancreatic development especially islet cell growth through HCO_3^- transport and pH regulation.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.31271290 and No.31000514Scientific Research Key Program of Beijing Municipal Commission of Education No.KZ201310025020+1 种基金Beijing Postdoctoral Research FoundationBeijing Natural Science Foundation No.7142025
文摘AIM: To investigate whether Na<sup>+</sup>-K<sup>+</sup>-2Cl<sup>-</sup> cotransporter (NKCC2) is expressed in the mouse distal colonic epithelia and whether it is regulated by vasopressin in the colon.
基金Supported by Ministry of Science and Technology Grants of Taiwan,No.MOST 106-2320-B-016-003-MY2(to Loh SH)and No.MOST 106-2314-B-016-037-MY3(to Tsai YT)National Defense Medical Center Grants of Taiwan,No.MAB-106-033(to Loh SH),No.MAB-105-043 and No.MAB-106-034(to Dai NZ)Teh-Tzer Study Group for Human Medical Research Foundation of Taiwan,No.A1061037 and No.A1061054(to Loh SH)
文摘AIM To establish a functional and molecular model of the intracellular pH(pH_i) regulatory mechanism in human induced pluripotent stem cells(hiPSCs).METHODS hiP SCs(HPS0077) were kindly provided by Dr. Dai from the Tri-Service General Hospital(IRB No. B-106-09). Changes in the pH_i were detected either by microspectrofluorimetry or by a multimode reader with a pH-sensitive fluorescent probe, BCECF, and the fluorescent ratio was calibrated by the high K^+/nigericin method. NH_4Cl and Na-acetate prepulse techniques were used to induce rapid intracellular acidosis and alkalization, respectively. The buffering power(β) was calculated from the ΔpH_i induced by perfusing different concentrations of(NH_4)_2SO_4. Western blot techniques and immunocytochemistry staining were used to detect the protein expression of pH_i regulators and pluripotency markers.RESULTS In this study, our results indicated that(1) the steadystate pH_i value was found to be 7.5 ± 0.01(n = 20) and 7.68 ± 0.01(n =20) in HEPES and 5% CO_2/HCO_3^- buffered systems, respectively, which were much greater than that in normal adult cells(7.2);(2) in a CO_2/HCO_3^--buffered system, the values of total intracellular buffering power(β) can be described by the following equation: β_(tot) = 107.79(pH_i)~2-1522.2(pH_i) + 5396.9(correlation coefficient R^2 = 0.85), in the estimated pH_i range of 7.1- 8.0;(3) the Na^+/H^+ exchanger(NHE) and the Na^+/HCO_3^- cotransporter(NBC) were found to be functionally activated for acid extrusion for pHi values less than 7.5 and 7.68, respectively;(4) V-ATPase and some other unknown Na^+-independent acid extruder(s) could only be functionally detected for pHi values less than 7.1;(5) the Cl^-/OH^- exchanger(CHE) and the Cl^- /HCO_3 anion exchanger(AE) were found to be responsible for the weakening of intracellular proton loading;(6) besides the CHE and the AE, a Cl^--independent acid loading mechanism was functionally identified; and(7) in hiPSCs, a strong positive correlation was observed between the loss of pluripotency and the weakening of the intracellular acid extrusion mechanism, which included a decrease in the steady-state pH i value and diminished the functional activity and protein expression of the NHE and the NBC.CONCLUSION For the first time, we established a functional and molecular model of a pHi regulatory mechanism and demonstrated its strong positive correlation with hiPSC pluripotency.
文摘According to a genome-wide association study,intronic SNPs within the human sterile 20/SPS1-related proline/alanine-rich kinase(SPAK) gene was linked to 20% of the general population and may be associated with elevated blood pressure. As cell volume changes,mammalian SPAK kinases respond to phosphorylate and regulate cation-coupled chloride co-transporter activity. To our knowledge,phosphorylation of upstream with-no-lysine(K)(WNK) kinases would activate SPAK kinases. The activation of WNK-OSR1/SPAK cascade on the kidneys and aortic tissue is related to the development of hypertension. Several regulators of the WNK pathway such as the Kelch kinase protein 3-Cullin 3 E3 ligase,hyperinsulinemia,and low potassium intake to mediate hypertension have been identified. In addition,the SPAK kinases may affect the action of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system on blood pressure as well. In 2010,two SPAK knock-in and knock-out mouse models have clarified the pathogenesis of lowering blood pressure by influencing the receptors on the kidneys and aortic smooth muscle. More recently,two novel SPAK inhibitors for mice,Stock 1S-14279 and Closantel were discovered in 2014. Targeting of SPAK seems to be promising for future antihypertensive therapy. Therefore we raised some viewpoints for the issue for the antihypertensive therapy on the SPAK(gene or kinase).
