Ni-P催化硼氢化钠水解制氢性能研究

文章通过化学镀法成功制备了Ni-P催化剂,并考察了施镀温度以及还原剂浓度对硼氢化钠水解制氢性能的影响。结果表明:试验中Ni-P催化剂的最优制备条件为施镀温度为50℃,还原剂浓度为0.8 mol/L;此条件下制备的Ni-P催化剂催化硼氢化钠水解放氢的速率为639.7 m L/(min·g),活化能为44.5 k J/mol。

Improving the ammonia synthesis activity of Ru/CeO_(2) through enhancement of the metal–support interaction

The metal–support interactions induced by high-temperature hydrogen reduction have a strong influence on the catalytic performance of ceria-supported Ru catalysts. However, the appearance of the strong metal–support interaction leads to covering of the Ru species by Ce suboxides, which is detrimental to the ammonia synthesis reaction that requires metallic species as active sites. In the present work, the interaction between Ru and ceria in the Ru/CeO_(2) catalyst was induced by NaBH_(4) treatment. NaBH_(4) treatment enhanced the fraction of metallic Ru, proportion of Ce^(3+), content of exposed Ru species, and amount of surface oxygen species. As a result, a larger amount of hydrogen species would desorb by the H_(2)-formation pathway and the strength of hydrogen adsorption would be weaker, weakening the inhibition effect of the hydrogen species on ammonia synthesis. In addition, the strong electronic metal–support interaction aids in nitrogen dissociation. Consequently, Ru/CeO_(2) with NaBH_(4) treatment showed higher ammonia synthesis rates than that with only hydrogen reduction.

Pd/Ni双金属纳米溶胶的制备及催化制氢性能的研究

采用化学共还原法制备了聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)稳定的Pd/Ni双金属纳米溶胶,采用TEM、HR-TEM等对所合成的Pd/Ni双金属纳米溶胶进行了表征,并系统研究了PVP用量、还原剂用量、金属盐离子浓度及金属比例等对该溶胶型双金属纳米催化剂的影响。结果表明:所制备的Pd/Ni双金属纳米溶胶的平均粒径在2 nm左右,双金属纳米溶胶催化剂催化NaBH_4制氢活性优于单金属Pd和Ni纳米溶胶的活性。其中Pd_(10)Ni_(90)双金属纳米溶胶的催化活性最高,其催化NaBH_4制取氢气的活性可以达到8250 mol_(H2)·mol_(Pd)^(-1)·h^(-1),Pd_(20)Ni_(80)双金属纳米溶胶催化剂催化NaBH_4水解反应的活化能为35.7 kJ/mol,反应焓为33.3 kJ/mol,反应熵为-150 J/mol。研究结果还表明,所制备的Pd/Ni双金属纳米溶胶催化剂具有很好的催化稳定性,即使4次催化试验后该催化剂仍然保持着较高的催化活性。密度泛函理论计算结果表明,Ni原子与Pd原子之间发生的电子转移使得Pd原子带负电而Ni原子带正电,荷电的Pd和Ni原子成为催化反应的活性中心。