Comparison of Conventional and Microwave-assisted Synthesis and Characteristics of Aluminum-pillared Rectorite

The synthesis and characterization of aluminum-pillared rectorite were studied. The synthesis was conducted with both conventional heating and microwave irradiation. Microwave irradiation was found to enhance the intercalation and ion-exchange during synthesis, and to be able to produce the rectorite with a larger d_(001) and a better uniformity. The specific surface area is 180 m^2/g and basal spacing is 3.2 nm. The texture change and thermal and hydrothermal stability of cross-linked rectorite were examined using XRD, FTIR, nitrogen-adsorption and TGA. The experimental results show that the aluminum-pillared rectorite, after calcined at 800 ℃ for 3 hours, can keep the basal aluminum-silicate texture and would not disperse in water at room or an elevated temperature. The aluminum-pillared rectorite shows a high specific surface area, good thermal and hydrothermal stability, and is promising in applications as catalyst carriers and adsorbents for waste treatment.

Morphological Characteristics of (K, Na)-Rectoritefrom Zhongxiang Rectorite Deposit, Hubei, Central China

The morphological characteristics of the Zhongxiang （钟祥） rectorite have been studied using X-ray diffraction （XRD）, electron probe micro-analyzer （EPMA）, scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, atomic force microscope （AFM）, and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy （HRTEM）. The structural formula of the Zhongxiang rectorite is： （Na0.45K0.32Ca0.37Mg0.08）（Al3.78Fe0.11Ti0.10）[（Si6.22Al1.78）O20]（OH）4^＊nH2O. It should be confined to a regular interstratification of （K, Na）-mica and Ca-montmorillonite. SEM observations show that Zhongxiang rectorite occurs as platy and fold-shaped crystals, and mainly as extremely thin plates with thickness ranging from 0.4 to 0.05 μm and a smooth （001） surface. There are well-developed polygonal steps on the surfaces of some thick crystals, suggesting a layer-by-layer growth mechanism. AFM observations show a series of steps with a height of 2 nm on the platy particles, suggesting the stacking of 20 nm fundamental particles. Club-like or fiber-shaped halloysite is included in the platy crystals with their elongated dimension paralleling （001） of the platy crystals or crossing the （001） surface of the platy rectorite, indicating multi-stage crystallization and involvement of hydrothermal fluids. The Zhongxiang rectorite was generated by both layer-by-layer growth mechanism and dissolution and crystallization growth mechanism with multistages.

One-Pot Synthesized Polyurethane-Based Nanocomposites Filled by Original Rectorite with Enhanced Strength and Elongation

The unmodified rectorite（REC）,a kind of layered silicate,was incorporated into polyurethane （PU）as matrix by the process of one-pot synthesizing polyurethane in situ,and hence produced a series of nanocomposite materials with enhanced strength and elongation.It is worth noting that the nanocomposite containing 2 wt%REC had the maximum elongation（1 449%）and strength（32.66 MPa）as ca.2.7-and 1.4-fold over those of neat PU film,respectively.Meanwhile,the unexfoliated agglomerates and exfoliated nanoplatelets of REC co-existed in PU matrix.By virtue of strong interfacial interaction on the surface of REC lamella,the stress facilely transferred to the rigid RECs and hence contributed to the enhancement of strength in spite that the original structure and interaction in the PU matrix were partly cleaved.Moreover,the intertwisting of polymer chains in PU matrix with REC as well as the gliding among the REC lamellae might produce greater strain.Nevertheless,excess unexfoliated REC agglomerates under high loading level inhibited the enhancement of mechanical performances,which verified the key role of exfoliated REC nanoplatelet in improving mechanical performances.As a result,this work submitted a simple method to develop a polyurethane-based nanocomposite with high mechanical performances without any modification of layered silicates and the complicated treatment for exfoliation and dispersion.

Preparation and Structural Characterization of Polystyrene-Rectorite Nanocomposites

The polystyrene/rectorite nanocomposites were prepared by free radical polymerization of styrene containing dispersed organophilic rectorite. The structures and thermal properties of these hybrids have been investigated by X\|ray diffraction (XRD), fourier transform infrared (FT\|IR), positron annihilation spectroscopy (PAS) and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) techniques. It was found that exfoliation of rectorite in polystyrene (PS) matrix was achieved. The average free\|volume radius in the PS/clay nanocomposites is generally same as that in PS. Along with increment of rectorite contents, the interface between rectorite and polystyrene matrix increases, and the free\|volume concentration decreases obviously. And the polystyrene nanocomposites have higher thermal decomposition temperature than pure PS.

Preparation of poly(propylene carbonate)/organophilic rectorite nanocomposites via direct melt intercalation

The completely degradable nanocomposites comprised of poly(propylene carbonate)(PPC) and organo-modified rectorite (OREC) were prepared by direct melt intercalation. The structure and mechanical properties of PPC/OREC nanocomposites were investigated. The wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) results show that the galleries distance of OREC is increased after PPC and OREC melt intercalation, which indicates that PPC molecular chain has intercalated into the layers of OREC. The PPC/OREC nanocomposites with lower OREC content show an increase in thermal decomposition temperature compared with pure PPC. The tensile strength and impact strength of PPC/OREC nanocomposites are improved. When the mass fraction of OREC is 4%, the tensile strength and impact strength of the PPC/OREC nanocomposite increase by 22.86% and 48.58% respectively, compared with pure PPC.

ZnO-chitosan/Rectorite Nanocomposite Exhibiting High Photocatalytic Activities under Visible-light Irradiation

Chitosan(CS),hydrated zinc acetate,and rectorite(REC) were used as raw materials to prepare CS-embedded zinc oxide(ZnO) nanoparticle by a chemical precipitation process.Hydrogen-bonded REC-loaded ZnO-CS nanoparticle was to form ZnO-CS/REC nanocomposite photocatalyst,its morphology and structure were analyzed by means of FTIR,XRD,TGA,SEM,and TEM.The effects of the catalyst dosage,methyl orange(MO) initial concentration and solution pH on photocatalytic performance were also discussed.The experimental results show that the ZnO-CS/REC nanocomposite has a particle size of 100 nm with good dispersion and uniformity.Under irradiation of visible light,0.6 g/L photocatalyst was used to degrade MO in solution for 90 min at pH 6,then the MO solution(10 mg/L) was decolored by more than 99%,indicating that the ZnO-CS/REC nanocomposite exhibited highly photocatalytic degradation activity.Therefore,the photodegradation kinetic mechanism of MO in aqueous solution is presumed.

Synthesis of Cordierite from Rectorite-Talc-Alumina without Additives

Rectorite,Talc and alumina were used to obtain high-quality cordierite with stoichiometric composition (51.3 wt% SiO_2,34.9 wt% Al_2O_3,13.8 wt% Al_2O_3).The water absorption,apparent porosity,bulk density,thermal expansion coefficient,crystalline phases and microstructure were tested by means of X-ray diffractometer(XRD),scanning electronic microscopy(SEM),Archimedes immersion technique,etc.This work systematically studied the synthesizing process of the cordierite.The result shows that the cordierite can be synthesized at a lower temperature and within a wider temperature range by using the rectorite as clay raw materials.

Mo supported on natural rectorite catalyst for slurry-phase hydrocracking of vacuum residue:An effect of calcination

In order to develop high-efficiency and low-cost catalyst for the slurry-phase hydrocracking of vacuum residue(VR),the catalyst supported on natural rectorite was prepared,and the effect of calcination modification of rectorite on the catalyst properties and performance was investigated.The support of rectorite and catalyst were characterized by XRD,FTIR,Py-FTIR,H_(2)-TPR and XPS to examine their structures and properties.The comparative reaction results show that VR conversions for the catalysts supported on calcined rectorite were similar with that on raw rectorite,possibly due to the VR cracking reaction controlled by the thermal cracking following free radical mechanism because of few acid sites observed on the catalysts surface.However,the yields of naphtha and middle distillates for the various catalysts were obviously different,and increased following as Rec-Mo(40.4 wt%)

2022-2023年山东省A(H1N1)pdm09流感病毒HA、NA基因变异特征分析

目的 了解山东省2022-2023流感监测年度分离的A(H1N1)pdm09亚型流感病毒血凝素(hemagglutinin,HA)和神经氨酸酶(neuraminidase,NA)基因的变异特征,为流感的防控提供科学依据。方法 从流感监测网络实验室分离的流感毒株中按地市随机选取14株A(H1N1)pdm09亚型流感毒株,以WHO推荐的当季疫苗株为参考进行全基因组测序,并采用荧光法开展神经氨酸酶抑制(neuraminidase inhibition,NI)实验以评估药物敏感性。结果 山东省2022-2023年度分离的A(H1N1)pdm09流感病毒属于6B.1A分支中的5a.2a进化簇,核苷酸序列比对分析显示,HA和NA基因与2021-2023年度北半球疫苗株A/Victoria/2570/2019的亲缘关系较为接近,同源性分别为98.5%~98.7%和98.8%~99.1%。氨基酸序列分析显示,HA蛋白有20个位点发生了氨基酸序列变异,并发现1株病毒可能发生抗原漂移,有3株病毒发生了HA蛋白糖基化位点的缺失。NA酶相关重要位点未发生变异。NI实验显示,所测流感毒株均对抗流感病毒药物敏感。结论 所监测毒株与疫苗株整体同源性很高,但氨基酸存在一定程度变异,今后有必要持续开展流感病毒基因变异特征监测以了解流感流行的风险,以及评价基因变异对流感疫苗和治疗药物效果的影响。

基于Na-BP-DME@C阳极的长寿命准固态钠-空气电池

钠-空气电池因其能量密度高、成本低而成为金属-空气电池领域的研究热点。然而,以金属钠为阳极的钠-空气电池存在钠枝晶生长、金属钠界面稳定性差以及金属钠的反应活性高等问题,限制了钠-空气电池的快速发展。为解决上述问题,将联苯钠与导电炭黑复合材料Na-BP-DME@C作为阳极,单壁碳纳米角(SWCHNs)作为催化剂,构建准固态钠-空气电池。基于Na-BP-DME@C阳极的准固态钠-空气电池表现出优异的电化学性能,其电压差为1.5 V,功率密度为3.32 mW/cm^(2),在0.1 mA/cm^(2)电流密度下可稳定循环459 h(约459次)。

Adsorption of Methylene Blue from Aqueous Solution onto Hydrochloric Acid-modified Rectorite

H＋-rectorite clay,which was prepared by modifying the raw rectorite with 10% hydrochloric acid at 60 °C for 24 h,was used as an absorbent for removal of methyl blue （MB） from aqueous solutions.The morphology and the structure and crystallinity of the pristine rectorite and the H＋-rectorite were characterized by scanning electron microscopy （SEM） technique and X-ray diffraction （XRD） technique,respectively.The results showed that the H＋-rectorite exhibited high adsorption ability than the raw rectorite,and it was found that the removal percentage of MB increased with increasing in adsorbents dose,whereas the adsorption amount qe （mg/g） decreased.The equilibrium was attained within 30 min in adsorption process,and the maximum adsorption capacity of H＋-rectorite for methylene blue reached as high as 37 mg/g.Besides,the effect of temperature on the adsorption of MB with H＋-rectorite was investigated and the equilibrium data were well fitted to Freundlich equations.The H＋-rectorite absorbent saturated with MB can be regenerated by calcinating at 400 °C for 2 h and the regenerated absorbent still showed higher percentage removal of MB.

基于NAS私有云的医院档案电子信息自动管理平台

常规的医院档案电子信息自动管理平台主要使用HTMLPHP(Hyper Text Markup LanguageHypertext Preprocessor)超文本预处理语言生成多选项表单,易受服务器Post混乱作用的影响,导致综合运行性能低下,因此,提出一种基于NAS私有云的医院档案电子信息自动管理平台。硬件部分设计HGYUI4033处理芯片和KLOPA1存储器,软件部分利用NAS搭建档案电子信息管理私有云,生成档案电子信息自动管理架构,从而实现电子档案信息的自动管理。平台测试结果表明,文章设计的医院档案电子信息自动管理平台在不同状态下均能有序运行,综合性能良好,具有可靠性,有一定的应用价值,为提高档案综合管理效率、实现档案数字化管理升级作出一定的贡献。

Synthesis and Characterization of Rectorite/ZnO/TiO2 Composites and Their Properties of Adsorption and Photocatalysis for the Removal of Methylene Blue Dye

As efficient water treatment agents, a novel series of rectorite-based ZnO and TiO2 hybrid composites（REC/ZnO/TiO2） were synthesized and characterized in this study. Effects of experimental parameters including TiO2 mass ratio, solution p H and catalyst dosage on the removal of methyl blue（MB） were also conducted. The presence of a little mass ratio（2%-6%） of TiO2 highly promoted the photoactivity of REC/ZnO/TiO2 in removal of MB dye from aqueous solution, in which ZnO and REC played a role of photocatalyst and adsorbent. The promotion effects of TiO2 may result from the accelerated separation of electron-hole on ZnO. The observed kinetic constant for the degradation of MB over REC/ZnO and REC/ZnO/TiO2 were 0.015 and 0.038 min^（-1）, respectively. The degradation kinetics of MB dye, which followed the Langmuir–Hinshelwood model, had a reaction constant of 0.17 mg/（L min）. The decrease of removal ratio of MB after five repetitive experiments was small, indicating REC/ZnO/TiO2 has great potential as an effective and stable catalyst.

基于NAS和教学诊改的多模态教学大数据存储访问优化研究

本文提出一种基于网络附加存储(NAS)和教学诊断与改进(诊改)的多模态教学大数据存储与访问优化方案。该方案通过NAS实现多模态教学资源的集中存储、高效管理和安全共享,利用这些多模态教学数据实现教学活动的持续诊断改进和教育质量的提升。本文分析了NAS和多模态教学数据的特点、存储要求以及NAS在其中的应用。在此基础上,本文结合教学诊改流程,设计了基于NAS的多模态教学大数据存储优化方案。

Adsorption and Insecticidal Activity of Toxin from Bacillus thuringiensis on Rectorite

The adsorption and desorption of the toxin from Bacillus thuringiensis strain WG-001 on rectorite were studied at different toxin and/or rectorite concentrations, pH values and temperatures. The insecticidal activity of the adsorbed toxin was evaluated by determining the lethal concentration to kill 50% of the larvae of Heliothis armigera （LC50）. The adsorption of the toxin on rectorite in sodium carbonate buffer （pH 9） reached equilibrium within 0.5-1.0 h and the adsorption isotherm of the toxin followed the Langmuir equation （R^2 〉 0.99）. In the pH range from 9 to 11 （carbonate buffer）, the adsorbed toxin decreased with increasing pH. The adsorption amounts decreased with increasing rectorite：toxin ratio. The adsorption was not significantly affected by the temperature between 10 and 50 ℃. The X- ray diffraction analysis indicated occurrence of the intercalation of the rectorite by the toxin. The infrared absorption spectrum showed that the binding of the toxin did not alter its structure. The LC50 wlues of the adsorbed toxin were smaller than those of the free toxin. The rectorite protected the toxin from ultraviolet irradiation damage. The desorption of the adsorbed toxin in water ranged from 37.5% to 56.4% and from 27.4% to 41.8% in a carbonate buffer. The desorption percentage also decreased with increasing rectorite：toxin ratio.

Preparation of Granulated Adsorption Material of Water-quenched Slag/rectorite Composite for Removal of Cu(Ⅱ)Ions from Copper Smelter Wastewater

The preparation of granulated adsorption material of water-quenched slag/rectorite composite and the treatment of Cu （ Ⅱ ）-containing copper smelter wastewater with the adsorption material were studied. The experimental results showed that under the conditions with the mass ratio of water-quenched slag to rectorite of 1：1, 10% additive of industrial starch （IS）, and 50% water, and a calcination temperature of 400 ℃, the granulated adsorption material prepared had a density of 1.06 kg/m^3, a porosity of 62.29%, water absorption rate of 58.82%, and compressive strength of 2.22 MPa. The efficiency of wastewater treatment was the best, whereas the rate of spallation loss was low. Under the conditions of natural pH, with the addition of the granulated adsorption material of 0.05 g/mL, a reaction time of 40 minutes, and temperature of 25 ℃, the efficiency of the granulated adsorption material for the removal of Cu （ Ⅱ ） ions from the copper smelter wastewater attained 98.2%, and the quality indexes of the wastewater after treatment conformed with the first level of integrated wastewater discharge standard （GB8978-1996）. The reclamation of the used granulated adsorption material was carried out by de-sorption of the Cu （ Ⅱ） ions from the surface with 1 mol/L sodium chloride solution. The de-sorption rate was 96.4%, and the adsorption material can be reused many times to treat copper smelter wastewater.

低盐水体Na^(+)/K^(+)对凡纳滨对虾生长、体成分与肝胰腺、鳃组织结构的影响

缺钾在内陆低盐度盐碱水中经常发生,为探究低盐水体中不同钾缺乏程度对凡纳滨对虾生长、存活、体成分以及鳃和肝胰腺组织结构的影响,实验参照海水离子组成配置盐度为2的低盐度水体,在Na^(+)/K^(+)(mg/mg)比值为27、47、67、87、107 (分别记为A、B、C、D、E组)的条件下,对体重为(1.04±0.23) g的凡纳滨对虾幼虾开展了为期60 d的养殖实验。结果显示,E组对虾的存活率为44.64%±20.95%,显著低于A、B、D三组;E组体重为(4.86±0.66) g,显著低于其他4组;A~D组之间的湿重、增重率、特定生长率差异不显著,但均大于E组且差异显著;在饲料系数上,E组最高并与A、D组差异显著。在体成分上,各组全虾钾含量、灰分含量差异不显著,E组的水分含量高于其他组,并与A、B组差异显著;E组粗蛋白含量最低,且与B组差异显著。E组对虾鳃组织角质层明显受损,红细胞数量减少,空泡增多,肝胰腺B细胞及其内部转运泡体积增大,肝小管结构受损。研究表明,低盐条件下严重缺钾引起了对虾鳃和肝胰腺损伤,降低了对虾的存活率和生长率;水体缺钾在前期即可对对虾的生长产生明显影响,而对存活的影响随养殖时间的增加而增大。实验结果有助于为内陆低盐度盐碱水养殖凡纳滨对虾提供理论依据。

Na-Mn共掺对磷酸铁锂正极材料结构与性能的影响

利用碳热还原法成功制备了Li_(0.97)Na_(0.03)Fe_(7/8)Mn_(1/8)PO_(4)正极材料,运用XRD、SEM、EDS和电化学测试等手段对其晶体结构、形貌、元素分布和电化学性能进行研究,并结合第一性原理计算分析材料性能提升的机理。结果表明,Na-Mn掺杂一方面导致LiFePO_(4)晶格畸变,晶格体积增大,扩大了锂离子迁移通道,为锂离子嵌入/脱出提供更大的空间;另一方面使材料在电化学性能上表现出优异的高倍率性能和循环稳定性。Na-Mn掺杂有利于提高材料的锂离子扩散系数和电导率,从而提高其电化学性能。基于第一性原理计算结果表明,Na-Mn共掺杂使LiFePO_(4)晶格膨胀,晶格体积增大,并促使带隙宽度减小,增强了费米能级附近的电子态密度,提高了材料的电子电导率和锂离子迁移率。

In-situ Synthesis and Catalytic Properties of ZSM-5/Rectorite Composites as Propylene Boosting Additive in Fluid Catalytic Cracking Process

Using rectorite extrudates from calcined rectorite powder as the starting material, a series of ZSM-5/rectorite composites were prepared via the in-situ crystallization method. The physicochemical properties and propylene boosting performance of the resulting samples were characterized by using X-ray diffraction, scan- ning electronic microscopy/energy dispersive spectrometer, N2 adsorption-desorption, and Fourier transformed in/tared spectroscopy of pyndine adsorption, respectively, and assessed by using Daqing atmospheric residue as Iced- stock. The results showed that the ZSM-5/rectorite composites in which the ZSM-5 phase grows inositu as a 2-3 p,m thick layer on rectorite particles have a trimodal microporous-mesoporous-macroporous structure and thus exhibit outstanding propylene boosting performance. Compared with a commercial ZSM-5 incorporated fluid catalytic cracking catalyst, the ZSM-5/rectorite composite incorporated catalyst increased the yield and selectivity of propylene by 2.44% and 5.35%, respectively.

行为m-NA随机变量阵列的完全收敛性

利用截尾方法和矩不等式,在更一般的条件下对m-NA阵列行和的收敛性进行了研究,并得到了m-NA阵列的完全收敛性.所得结果改进了文献[6]的研究结果。