According to a genome-wide association study,intronic SNPs within the human sterile 20/SPS1-related proline/alanine-rich kinase(SPAK) gene was linked to 20% of the general population and may be associated with elevate...According to a genome-wide association study,intronic SNPs within the human sterile 20/SPS1-related proline/alanine-rich kinase(SPAK) gene was linked to 20% of the general population and may be associated with elevated blood pressure. As cell volume changes,mammalian SPAK kinases respond to phosphorylate and regulate cation-coupled chloride co-transporter activity. To our knowledge,phosphorylation of upstream with-no-lysine(K)(WNK) kinases would activate SPAK kinases. The activation of WNK-OSR1/SPAK cascade on the kidneys and aortic tissue is related to the development of hypertension. Several regulators of the WNK pathway such as the Kelch kinase protein 3-Cullin 3 E3 ligase,hyperinsulinemia,and low potassium intake to mediate hypertension have been identified. In addition,the SPAK kinases may affect the action of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system on blood pressure as well. In 2010,two SPAK knock-in and knock-out mouse models have clarified the pathogenesis of lowering blood pressure by influencing the receptors on the kidneys and aortic smooth muscle. More recently,two novel SPAK inhibitors for mice,Stock 1S-14279 and Closantel were discovered in 2014. Targeting of SPAK seems to be promising for future antihypertensive therapy. Therefore we raised some viewpoints for the issue for the antihypertensive therapy on the SPAK(gene or kinase).展开更多
目的:探讨乳源活性肽β-酪啡肽-7(β-Casomorphin-7,β-CM7)应用于食品时对葡萄糖吸收的影响及其作用机制.方法:选用健康成年SD大鼠,分为对照组(0mol/Lβ-CM7),L低剂量组、M中剂量组、H高剂量组(终浓度分别为7.5×10-7,7.5×10-...目的:探讨乳源活性肽β-酪啡肽-7(β-Casomorphin-7,β-CM7)应用于食品时对葡萄糖吸收的影响及其作用机制.方法:选用健康成年SD大鼠,分为对照组(0mol/Lβ-CM7),L低剂量组、M中剂量组、H高剂量组(终浓度分别为7.5×10-7,7.5×10-6,7.5×10-5mol/L).利用翻转离体小肠囊模型进行实验:(1)葡萄糖氧化酶法测定翻转后小肠内液葡萄糖含量;(2)比色法测定小肠黏膜Na+-K+-ATP酶活力;(3)荧光定量PCR法分析小肠黏膜组织中钠葡萄糖共转运载体(SGLT-1)和葡萄糖协助扩散转运载体(GLUT-2) mRNA的表达.结果:在离体环境下β-CM7在7.5×10-7-7.5×10-5mol/L浓度下对葡萄糖的吸收均有一定的抑制作用(1.09mol/L,1.24mol/L,1.12mol/L vs 1.74mol/L,P=0.01,0.04,0.02),能够降低Na+-K+-ATP酶活力(85.73,112.06,109.68 vs 114.93,P=0.004,0.73,0.54);荧光定量PCR结果发现:与对照组相比,β-CM7能够显著降低SGLT-1及GLUT-2 mRNA水平(0.46,0.58,0.77 vs 1.11,P=0.20,0.05,0.02;0.50,0.66,0.85 vs 1.14,P=0.30,0.14,0.03).结论:β-CM7可以通过降低Na+-K+-ATP酶活力及下调SGLT-1、GLUT-2 mRNA水平,减少大鼠小肠对葡萄糖的吸收.展开更多
Bumetanide has been shown to lessen cerebral edema and reduce the infarct area in the acute stage of cerebral ischemia. Few studies focus on the effects of bumetanide on neuroprotection and neurogenesis in the chronic...Bumetanide has been shown to lessen cerebral edema and reduce the infarct area in the acute stage of cerebral ischemia. Few studies focus on the effects of bumetanide on neuroprotection and neurogenesis in the chronic stage of cerebral ischemia. We established a rat model of cerebral ischemia by injecting endothelin-1 in the left cortical motor area and left corpus striatum. Seven days later, bumetanide 200 μg/kg/day was injected into the lateral ventricle for 21 consecutive days with a mini-osmotic pump. Results demonstrated that the number of neuroblasts cells and the total length of dendrites increased, escape latency reduced, and the number of platform crossings increased in the rat hippocampal dentate gyrus in the chronic stage of cerebral ischemia. These findings suggest that bumetanide promoted neural precursor cell regeneration, dendritic development and the recovery of cognitive function, and protected brain tissue in the chronic stage of ischemia.展开更多
目的观察豚鼠耳蜗自噬相关蛋白beclin1和LC3、Na^(+-)K^(+-)2Cl^-联合转运体(NKCC1)m RNA、内皮素(ET)表达与耳蜗庆大霉素(GM)损伤关系及盐酸椒苯酮胺(PPTA)对损伤的保护作用及其机制。方法将60只豚鼠随机分成对照组、模型组、同期治疗...目的观察豚鼠耳蜗自噬相关蛋白beclin1和LC3、Na^(+-)K^(+-)2Cl^-联合转运体(NKCC1)m RNA、内皮素(ET)表达与耳蜗庆大霉素(GM)损伤关系及盐酸椒苯酮胺(PPTA)对损伤的保护作用及其机制。方法将60只豚鼠随机分成对照组、模型组、同期治疗组、造模后对照组、后期治疗组。对照组给NS+人工外淋巴液、模型组给GM+人工外淋巴液、治疗组给GM+PPTA(均连续给药7 d),造模后对照组及后期治疗组均连续注射GM 7 d后,再分别行人工外淋巴液及PPTA连续注入7 d。所有豚鼠给药前均手术行听泡置管,NS及GM(160 mg·kg^(-1)·d^(-1))采用腹腔注射,人工外淋巴液及PPTA采用听泡注入。各组豚鼠完成给药后ABR测试分析听力,检测beclin1和LC3、NKCC1 m RNA及ET-1的表达。结果模型组、造模后对照组的ABR结果差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但两者均明显高于其余3组(P<0.05),同期治疗组豚鼠ABR阈值明显低于后期治疗组(P<0.05);模型组LC3Ⅱ及Beclin1的表达量较其余4组明显升高,后期治疗组LC3Ⅱ及Beclin1的表达量较造模后对照组降低;模型组NKCC1 m RNA表达较其余4组明显升高(P<0.05),后期治疗组NKCC1 m RNA表达明显低于造模后对照组(P<0.05)。模型组各部位ET-1表达较其余4组明显增高,对照组各部位ET-1表达低于其余4组,后期治疗组各部位ET-1表达较造模后对照组降低。结论 PPTA可抑制耳蜗细胞自噬、NKCC1、ET-1的表达,从而对耳蜗庆大霉素损伤起到保护作用;PPTA早期对抗庆大霉素耳蜗损伤效果更优,提示GM可能对听觉细胞产生不可逆损伤。展开更多
文摘According to a genome-wide association study,intronic SNPs within the human sterile 20/SPS1-related proline/alanine-rich kinase(SPAK) gene was linked to 20% of the general population and may be associated with elevated blood pressure. As cell volume changes,mammalian SPAK kinases respond to phosphorylate and regulate cation-coupled chloride co-transporter activity. To our knowledge,phosphorylation of upstream with-no-lysine(K)(WNK) kinases would activate SPAK kinases. The activation of WNK-OSR1/SPAK cascade on the kidneys and aortic tissue is related to the development of hypertension. Several regulators of the WNK pathway such as the Kelch kinase protein 3-Cullin 3 E3 ligase,hyperinsulinemia,and low potassium intake to mediate hypertension have been identified. In addition,the SPAK kinases may affect the action of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system on blood pressure as well. In 2010,two SPAK knock-in and knock-out mouse models have clarified the pathogenesis of lowering blood pressure by influencing the receptors on the kidneys and aortic smooth muscle. More recently,two novel SPAK inhibitors for mice,Stock 1S-14279 and Closantel were discovered in 2014. Targeting of SPAK seems to be promising for future antihypertensive therapy. Therefore we raised some viewpoints for the issue for the antihypertensive therapy on the SPAK(gene or kinase).
文摘目的:探讨乳源活性肽β-酪啡肽-7(β-Casomorphin-7,β-CM7)应用于食品时对葡萄糖吸收的影响及其作用机制.方法:选用健康成年SD大鼠,分为对照组(0mol/Lβ-CM7),L低剂量组、M中剂量组、H高剂量组(终浓度分别为7.5×10-7,7.5×10-6,7.5×10-5mol/L).利用翻转离体小肠囊模型进行实验:(1)葡萄糖氧化酶法测定翻转后小肠内液葡萄糖含量;(2)比色法测定小肠黏膜Na+-K+-ATP酶活力;(3)荧光定量PCR法分析小肠黏膜组织中钠葡萄糖共转运载体(SGLT-1)和葡萄糖协助扩散转运载体(GLUT-2) mRNA的表达.结果:在离体环境下β-CM7在7.5×10-7-7.5×10-5mol/L浓度下对葡萄糖的吸收均有一定的抑制作用(1.09mol/L,1.24mol/L,1.12mol/L vs 1.74mol/L,P=0.01,0.04,0.02),能够降低Na+-K+-ATP酶活力(85.73,112.06,109.68 vs 114.93,P=0.004,0.73,0.54);荧光定量PCR结果发现:与对照组相比,β-CM7能够显著降低SGLT-1及GLUT-2 mRNA水平(0.46,0.58,0.77 vs 1.11,P=0.20,0.05,0.02;0.50,0.66,0.85 vs 1.14,P=0.30,0.14,0.03).结论:β-CM7可以通过降低Na+-K+-ATP酶活力及下调SGLT-1、GLUT-2 mRNA水平,减少大鼠小肠对葡萄糖的吸收.
文摘Bumetanide has been shown to lessen cerebral edema and reduce the infarct area in the acute stage of cerebral ischemia. Few studies focus on the effects of bumetanide on neuroprotection and neurogenesis in the chronic stage of cerebral ischemia. We established a rat model of cerebral ischemia by injecting endothelin-1 in the left cortical motor area and left corpus striatum. Seven days later, bumetanide 200 μg/kg/day was injected into the lateral ventricle for 21 consecutive days with a mini-osmotic pump. Results demonstrated that the number of neuroblasts cells and the total length of dendrites increased, escape latency reduced, and the number of platform crossings increased in the rat hippocampal dentate gyrus in the chronic stage of cerebral ischemia. These findings suggest that bumetanide promoted neural precursor cell regeneration, dendritic development and the recovery of cognitive function, and protected brain tissue in the chronic stage of ischemia.
文摘目的观察豚鼠耳蜗自噬相关蛋白beclin1和LC3、Na^(+-)K^(+-)2Cl^-联合转运体(NKCC1)m RNA、内皮素(ET)表达与耳蜗庆大霉素(GM)损伤关系及盐酸椒苯酮胺(PPTA)对损伤的保护作用及其机制。方法将60只豚鼠随机分成对照组、模型组、同期治疗组、造模后对照组、后期治疗组。对照组给NS+人工外淋巴液、模型组给GM+人工外淋巴液、治疗组给GM+PPTA(均连续给药7 d),造模后对照组及后期治疗组均连续注射GM 7 d后,再分别行人工外淋巴液及PPTA连续注入7 d。所有豚鼠给药前均手术行听泡置管,NS及GM(160 mg·kg^(-1)·d^(-1))采用腹腔注射,人工外淋巴液及PPTA采用听泡注入。各组豚鼠完成给药后ABR测试分析听力,检测beclin1和LC3、NKCC1 m RNA及ET-1的表达。结果模型组、造模后对照组的ABR结果差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但两者均明显高于其余3组(P<0.05),同期治疗组豚鼠ABR阈值明显低于后期治疗组(P<0.05);模型组LC3Ⅱ及Beclin1的表达量较其余4组明显升高,后期治疗组LC3Ⅱ及Beclin1的表达量较造模后对照组降低;模型组NKCC1 m RNA表达较其余4组明显升高(P<0.05),后期治疗组NKCC1 m RNA表达明显低于造模后对照组(P<0.05)。模型组各部位ET-1表达较其余4组明显增高,对照组各部位ET-1表达低于其余4组,后期治疗组各部位ET-1表达较造模后对照组降低。结论 PPTA可抑制耳蜗细胞自噬、NKCC1、ET-1的表达,从而对耳蜗庆大霉素损伤起到保护作用;PPTA早期对抗庆大霉素耳蜗损伤效果更优,提示GM可能对听觉细胞产生不可逆损伤。
