To develop a NaI （T1） detector for in situ radioactivity monitoring in the marine environment and enhance the confidence of the probability of the gamma-spectrum analysis, Monte Carlo simulations using the Monte Car...To develop a NaI （T1） detector for in situ radioactivity monitoring in the marine environment and enhance the confidence of the probability of the gamma-spectrum analysis, Monte Carlo simulations using the Monte Carlo N-Particle （ MNCP ） code were performed to provide the response spectra of some interested radionuclides and the background spectra originating from the natural radionuclides in seawater recorded by a NaI （T1） detector. A newly developed 75 mm × 75 mm NaI （T1） detector was calibrated using four reference radioactive sources 137Cs, 60Co, 40K and 54Mn in the laboratory before the field measurements in seawater. A simulation model was established for the detector immersed in seawater. The simulated spectra were all broadened with Gaussian pulses to reflect the statistical fluctuations and electrical noise in the real measurement. The simulated spectra show that the single-energy photons into the detector are mostly scattering low-energy photons and the high background in the low energy region mainly originates from the Compton effect of the high energy y-rays of natural radionuclides in seawater. The simulated background spectrum was compared with the experimental one recorded in field measurement and they seem to be in good agreement. The simulation method and spectra can be used for the accurate analysis of the filed measurement results of low concentration radioactivity in seawater.展开更多
In the last years, the production of optical fibers cables has made possible the development of a range of spectroscopic probes for in situ analysis performing beyond nondestructive tests, environmental monitoring, se...In the last years, the production of optical fibers cables has made possible the development of a range of spectroscopic probes for in situ analysis performing beyond nondestructive tests, environmental monitoring, security investigation, application in radiotherapy for dose monitoring, verification and validation. In this work, a system using an optical fiber cable to electromagnetic signal transmission from a NaI（TI） radiation detector is presented. The innovative device takes advantage mainly of the optical fibers large passband, small signal attenuation and immunity to electromagnetic interference to application for radiation detection systems. The main aim was to simplify the detection system making it to reach areas where the conventional device cannot access due to its lack of mobility and external dimensions. Some tests with this innovative system are presented and the results stimulate the continuity of the researches.展开更多
为实现阵列探测器的γ能谱合成,提出了基于拉格朗日线性插值原理的相邻道址插值法合成γ能谱。使用两个10.16 cm×10.16 cm×40.64 cm探测器组成的阵列进行了方法验证。实验结果表明,用该方法合成的γ能谱的662 ke V全能峰计数...为实现阵列探测器的γ能谱合成,提出了基于拉格朗日线性插值原理的相邻道址插值法合成γ能谱。使用两个10.16 cm×10.16 cm×40.64 cm探测器组成的阵列进行了方法验证。实验结果表明,用该方法合成的γ能谱的662 ke V全能峰计数相对合成前两个能谱的662 ke V全能峰计数之和偏差为-0.5%,合成能谱的FWHM@662 ke V大于2号探测器、小于1号探测器测得的能谱。展开更多
A precision measurment of inclusive electron scattering cross sections is carried out at Jefferson Lab in the quasi-elastic region for 4 He, 12 C, 56 Fe and 208 Pb targets. The longitudinal （R L ） and transverse （R...A precision measurment of inclusive electron scattering cross sections is carried out at Jefferson Lab in the quasi-elastic region for 4 He, 12 C, 56 Fe and 208 Pb targets. The longitudinal （R L ） and transverse （R T ） response functions of the nucleon need to be extracted precisely in the momentum transfer range 0.55 GeV/c≤ ｜ q ｜ ≤1.0 GeV/c. To achieve the above goal, a NaI （Tl） calorimeter is used to distinguish good electrons from background, including pions and low energy electrons rescattered from the walls of the spectrometer magnets. Due to a large set of kinematics and changes in HV settings, a number of calibrations are performed for the NaI （Tl） detector. Corrections for a few blocks of NaI （Tl） with bad or no signal are applied. The resolution of the NaI （Tl） detector after calibration reached δE/E^（1/2） ≈ 3% at E=1 GeV. The performance of the NaI （Tl） detector is compared with a simulation. The good calibration and background analysis for the NaI（Tl） detector are very important for the reduction of the systematic error of cross sections and the separation of R L and R T .展开更多
提出了通过γ能谱全能峰测量吸收剂量的方法,定义了全能峰角响应函数。采用蒙特卡罗方法计算了50 mm×50 mm NaI(Tl)探测器的平均角响应随射线能量的变化,用标准点源137Cs、60Co、152Eu、133Ba和参考辐射场137Cs、60Co、226Ra、241A...提出了通过γ能谱全能峰测量吸收剂量的方法,定义了全能峰角响应函数。采用蒙特卡罗方法计算了50 mm×50 mm NaI(Tl)探测器的平均角响应随射线能量的变化,用标准点源137Cs、60Co、152Eu、133Ba和参考辐射场137Cs、60Co、226Ra、241Am进行了实验验证。结果证明,在近似各向同性的条件下,对标准点源的测量结果与理论值相比误差小于2%,对参考辐射场的测量结果与电离室测量结果相差小于3%。该方法适合低能到高能的较宽能谱段剂量率测量,不仅能测出某种核素对总剂量率的贡献,且能同时分辨核素种类,无需实验刻度。展开更多
基金financial support from the International Science & Technology Cooperation Program of China (No. 2013DFR90220)National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 41206076)Qingdao Applied Basic Research Project (NO. 14-2-4-94-jch)
文摘To develop a NaI （T1） detector for in situ radioactivity monitoring in the marine environment and enhance the confidence of the probability of the gamma-spectrum analysis, Monte Carlo simulations using the Monte Carlo N-Particle （ MNCP ） code were performed to provide the response spectra of some interested radionuclides and the background spectra originating from the natural radionuclides in seawater recorded by a NaI （T1） detector. A newly developed 75 mm × 75 mm NaI （T1） detector was calibrated using four reference radioactive sources 137Cs, 60Co, 40K and 54Mn in the laboratory before the field measurements in seawater. A simulation model was established for the detector immersed in seawater. The simulated spectra were all broadened with Gaussian pulses to reflect the statistical fluctuations and electrical noise in the real measurement. The simulated spectra show that the single-energy photons into the detector are mostly scattering low-energy photons and the high background in the low energy region mainly originates from the Compton effect of the high energy y-rays of natural radionuclides in seawater. The simulated background spectrum was compared with the experimental one recorded in field measurement and they seem to be in good agreement. The simulation method and spectra can be used for the accurate analysis of the filed measurement results of low concentration radioactivity in seawater.
文摘In the last years, the production of optical fibers cables has made possible the development of a range of spectroscopic probes for in situ analysis performing beyond nondestructive tests, environmental monitoring, security investigation, application in radiotherapy for dose monitoring, verification and validation. In this work, a system using an optical fiber cable to electromagnetic signal transmission from a NaI（TI） radiation detector is presented. The innovative device takes advantage mainly of the optical fibers large passband, small signal attenuation and immunity to electromagnetic interference to application for radiation detection systems. The main aim was to simplify the detection system making it to reach areas where the conventional device cannot access due to its lack of mobility and external dimensions. Some tests with this innovative system are presented and the results stimulate the continuity of the researches.
文摘为实现阵列探测器的γ能谱合成,提出了基于拉格朗日线性插值原理的相邻道址插值法合成γ能谱。使用两个10.16 cm×10.16 cm×40.64 cm探测器组成的阵列进行了方法验证。实验结果表明,用该方法合成的γ能谱的662 ke V全能峰计数相对合成前两个能谱的662 ke V全能峰计数之和偏差为-0.5%,合成能谱的FWHM@662 ke V大于2号探测器、小于1号探测器测得的能谱。
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (10605022,10875053)US Department of Energy (DE-AC05-84ER-40150) under which Jefferson Science Associates operates the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility
文摘A precision measurment of inclusive electron scattering cross sections is carried out at Jefferson Lab in the quasi-elastic region for 4 He, 12 C, 56 Fe and 208 Pb targets. The longitudinal （R L ） and transverse （R T ） response functions of the nucleon need to be extracted precisely in the momentum transfer range 0.55 GeV/c≤ ｜ q ｜ ≤1.0 GeV/c. To achieve the above goal, a NaI （Tl） calorimeter is used to distinguish good electrons from background, including pions and low energy electrons rescattered from the walls of the spectrometer magnets. Due to a large set of kinematics and changes in HV settings, a number of calibrations are performed for the NaI （Tl） detector. Corrections for a few blocks of NaI （Tl） with bad or no signal are applied. The resolution of the NaI （Tl） detector after calibration reached δE/E^（1/2） ≈ 3% at E=1 GeV. The performance of the NaI （Tl） detector is compared with a simulation. The good calibration and background analysis for the NaI（Tl） detector are very important for the reduction of the systematic error of cross sections and the separation of R L and R T .
文摘提出了通过γ能谱全能峰测量吸收剂量的方法,定义了全能峰角响应函数。采用蒙特卡罗方法计算了50 mm×50 mm NaI(Tl)探测器的平均角响应随射线能量的变化,用标准点源137Cs、60Co、152Eu、133Ba和参考辐射场137Cs、60Co、226Ra、241Am进行了实验验证。结果证明,在近似各向同性的条件下,对标准点源的测量结果与理论值相比误差小于2%,对参考辐射场的测量结果与电离室测量结果相差小于3%。该方法适合低能到高能的较宽能谱段剂量率测量,不仅能测出某种核素对总剂量率的贡献,且能同时分辨核素种类,无需实验刻度。
