Hydroxypropyl celluloses(HPC) were homogenously synthesized by the reaction of cellulose with propylene oxide in NaOH/urea aqueous solution.Water-soluble HPC with molar degree of substitution(MSNMR) in the range of 0....Hydroxypropyl celluloses(HPC) were homogenously synthesized by the reaction of cellulose with propylene oxide in NaOH/urea aqueous solution.Water-soluble HPC with molar degree of substitution(MSNMR) in the range of 0.52~0.78 was prepared from microcrystalline cellulose,cotton linters,and spruce sulfite pulp.The structure of the HPC samples was characterized by means of FT-IR,NMR,gas chromatography(GC),and size exclusion chromatography(SEC) analyses.Three types of cellulose samples with different molecular weights were found to dissolve well in the NaOH/urea solvent with no obvious differences in reactivity and regioselectivity.The relative reactivity of hydroxyl groups in the glycosyl unit was in the following order:O-6>O-2>O-3.In addition,the results of the study indicated that the tandem reaction during hydroxypropylation could be ignored.展开更多
In order to study the combustion characteristics,NOx emission and NH3 slip in a new trinal-sprayed precalciner,the simulations of combustion and aqueous urea solution based selective non-catalytic reduction(SNCR)proce...In order to study the combustion characteristics,NOx emission and NH3 slip in a new trinal-sprayed precalciner,the simulations of combustion and aqueous urea solution based selective non-catalytic reduction(SNCR)process were conducted by computational fluid dynamics in this precalciner,the effects of different injection heights,different injection flow rates and stratified injection under different flow rates on SNCR process were studied.The results showed that the flow field was symmetrically distributed in the precalciner,and the flue gas from the rotary kiln formed the recirculation region on both sides of the cone body,which increased the residence time of the solid particles.The temperature was mainly between 1100 K and 1250 K in the middle and upper column of the precalciner,which met the demand of the pulverized coal combustion and raw material decomposition.The concentration of NO at the outlet of the precalciner was 559 ppm,moreover,different injection heights and different injection flow rates had a strong influence on NOX removal efficiency and NH3 slip.The aqueous urea solution should be injected at SNCR-1 to prolong the residence time of NH3,and injection flow rate had an optimal flow rate but not the higher the better.When the injection flow rate under stratified injection was 0.019 kg/s,which could play a better optimization role on NO removal efficiency on the basic of the injection flow rate.In consideration of cost effective,a stratified injection with an injection flow rate of 0.019 kg/s and an injection height of 20 m,25 m and 30 m was suggested as a compromise of a satisfactory NOx reduction rates and reasonable NH3 slip.Under this condition,numerical simulation result showed that NOx concentration at the outlet of precalciner was 297.27 mg/Nm3 and NH3 slip was 4.67 mg/Nm3,meeting emission standard.展开更多
The aim of this work is optimizing the techniques to prepare pure cellulose microspheres, which are used as packing adsorbents for high-performance liquid chromatography. Thereupon, cellulose was dissolved in a pre-co...The aim of this work is optimizing the techniques to prepare pure cellulose microspheres, which are used as packing adsorbents for high-performance liquid chromatography. Thereupon, cellulose was dissolved in a pre-cooled NaOH/urea solution, from which various-size microspheres were prepared. The volume-average diameters were controlled approximately at 30 p,m, 8 ~tm and 4 pm grades when cyclohexane, liquid paraffin and pump oil were used as dispersants, respectively. The present investigations reveal that higher viscosity dispersant is suitable for the preparation of smaller-size microspheres, while larger size microspheres are prepared preferably using lower-viscosity dispersant. The chiral stationary phase derived from 8 μm grade microspheres can separate the enantiomers of efavirenz.展开更多
使用氢氧化钠-硫脲-尿素-水溶液预处理漂白阔叶木化学热磨机械浆,促进纤维之间的结合及纤维表面淀粉的留着以提高纸张强度。通过单因素实验,评估淀粉用量、纸浆浓度、用碱量、冷冻时间对纸张强度的影响情况并探究最佳工艺条件。当淀粉...使用氢氧化钠-硫脲-尿素-水溶液预处理漂白阔叶木化学热磨机械浆,促进纤维之间的结合及纤维表面淀粉的留着以提高纸张强度。通过单因素实验,评估淀粉用量、纸浆浓度、用碱量、冷冻时间对纸张强度的影响情况并探究最佳工艺条件。当淀粉用量为15%、纸浆浓度为15%、用碱量为7%、冷冻时间为45m i n时,该化机浆的增强效果最明显,在打浆度相当的前提下,成纸抗张指数、耐破指数都均较大提升,但耐折度没有明显变化。展开更多
采用氢氧化钠-硫脲-尿素水溶液在中高温条件下处理稻草盘磨机械浆,通过用碱量、纤维浓度、处理温度和处理时间等参数的单因素试验探究该溶剂对稻草纤维成纸强度性能的影响。研究表明:在用碱量4%、处理时间40m i n、处理温度50℃、纤维浓...采用氢氧化钠-硫脲-尿素水溶液在中高温条件下处理稻草盘磨机械浆,通过用碱量、纤维浓度、处理温度和处理时间等参数的单因素试验探究该溶剂对稻草纤维成纸强度性能的影响。研究表明:在用碱量4%、处理时间40m i n、处理温度50℃、纤维浓度15%的条件下,稻草机械浆的强度性能最佳,以原浆强度为参比,经处理后纤维的抗张指数和耐破指数分别提高75.6%和80.9%,同时其成纸松厚度下降13.6%,但耐折度无明显变化。此外,处理前后浆料纤维无定形区和结晶区的整体结构不受影响,纤维中碳、氢、氧三种元素的质量比没有明显变化,但氮元素含量降低明显。展开更多
文摘Hydroxypropyl celluloses(HPC) were homogenously synthesized by the reaction of cellulose with propylene oxide in NaOH/urea aqueous solution.Water-soluble HPC with molar degree of substitution(MSNMR) in the range of 0.52~0.78 was prepared from microcrystalline cellulose,cotton linters,and spruce sulfite pulp.The structure of the HPC samples was characterized by means of FT-IR,NMR,gas chromatography(GC),and size exclusion chromatography(SEC) analyses.Three types of cellulose samples with different molecular weights were found to dissolve well in the NaOH/urea solvent with no obvious differences in reactivity and regioselectivity.The relative reactivity of hydroxyl groups in the glycosyl unit was in the following order:O-6>O-2>O-3.In addition,the results of the study indicated that the tandem reaction during hydroxypropylation could be ignored.
基金This work was supported by the general institute of building materials research of china(No.2017YFC0210801)the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(PAPD).
文摘In order to study the combustion characteristics,NOx emission and NH3 slip in a new trinal-sprayed precalciner,the simulations of combustion and aqueous urea solution based selective non-catalytic reduction(SNCR)process were conducted by computational fluid dynamics in this precalciner,the effects of different injection heights,different injection flow rates and stratified injection under different flow rates on SNCR process were studied.The results showed that the flow field was symmetrically distributed in the precalciner,and the flue gas from the rotary kiln formed the recirculation region on both sides of the cone body,which increased the residence time of the solid particles.The temperature was mainly between 1100 K and 1250 K in the middle and upper column of the precalciner,which met the demand of the pulverized coal combustion and raw material decomposition.The concentration of NO at the outlet of the precalciner was 559 ppm,moreover,different injection heights and different injection flow rates had a strong influence on NOX removal efficiency and NH3 slip.The aqueous urea solution should be injected at SNCR-1 to prolong the residence time of NH3,and injection flow rate had an optimal flow rate but not the higher the better.When the injection flow rate under stratified injection was 0.019 kg/s,which could play a better optimization role on NO removal efficiency on the basic of the injection flow rate.In consideration of cost effective,a stratified injection with an injection flow rate of 0.019 kg/s and an injection height of 20 m,25 m and 30 m was suggested as a compromise of a satisfactory NOx reduction rates and reasonable NH3 slip.Under this condition,numerical simulation result showed that NOx concentration at the outlet of precalciner was 297.27 mg/Nm3 and NH3 slip was 4.67 mg/Nm3,meeting emission standard.
基金Funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.50973086 and 51273073)Hubei Provincial Department of Education of China(No.Z20081501)
文摘The aim of this work is optimizing the techniques to prepare pure cellulose microspheres, which are used as packing adsorbents for high-performance liquid chromatography. Thereupon, cellulose was dissolved in a pre-cooled NaOH/urea solution, from which various-size microspheres were prepared. The volume-average diameters were controlled approximately at 30 p,m, 8 ~tm and 4 pm grades when cyclohexane, liquid paraffin and pump oil were used as dispersants, respectively. The present investigations reveal that higher viscosity dispersant is suitable for the preparation of smaller-size microspheres, while larger size microspheres are prepared preferably using lower-viscosity dispersant. The chiral stationary phase derived from 8 μm grade microspheres can separate the enantiomers of efavirenz.
文摘使用氢氧化钠-硫脲-尿素-水溶液预处理漂白阔叶木化学热磨机械浆,促进纤维之间的结合及纤维表面淀粉的留着以提高纸张强度。通过单因素实验,评估淀粉用量、纸浆浓度、用碱量、冷冻时间对纸张强度的影响情况并探究最佳工艺条件。当淀粉用量为15%、纸浆浓度为15%、用碱量为7%、冷冻时间为45m i n时,该化机浆的增强效果最明显,在打浆度相当的前提下,成纸抗张指数、耐破指数都均较大提升,但耐折度没有明显变化。
文摘采用氢氧化钠-硫脲-尿素水溶液在中高温条件下处理稻草盘磨机械浆,通过用碱量、纤维浓度、处理温度和处理时间等参数的单因素试验探究该溶剂对稻草纤维成纸强度性能的影响。研究表明:在用碱量4%、处理时间40m i n、处理温度50℃、纤维浓度15%的条件下,稻草机械浆的强度性能最佳,以原浆强度为参比,经处理后纤维的抗张指数和耐破指数分别提高75.6%和80.9%,同时其成纸松厚度下降13.6%,但耐折度无明显变化。此外,处理前后浆料纤维无定形区和结晶区的整体结构不受影响,纤维中碳、氢、氧三种元素的质量比没有明显变化,但氮元素含量降低明显。
