A Cognitive Study of the Naming Elements of Chinese Dish Names Based on the Prominence Principle

The assortedness of Chinese food,together with the complexity of their naming elements,has ignited numerous scholars' interests in this field and prompted them to make abundant analyses of Chinese dish names.Most of them,however,were done in studies of traditional linguistics,rhetoric,translatology and cross-cultural communication.And studies,based on corpus,on the naming elements of Chinese dishes under cognitive linguistic theories almost remain a blank.This paper aims to conduct a quantitative analysis of 4,000 Chinese dish names(500 ones selected freely from each of the eight cuisines),based on the Prominence Principle,in order to identify the specific naming elements of Chinese dishes and forward related statistics and ratios.

Unusually Broadened Spectral Profiles Observed in Solar Prominences

After surveying the spectra of 39 prominences observed by the Multi-channel Infrared Solar Spectrograph at Purple Mountain Observatory and the 25 cm coronagraph at the Norikura Solar Observatory, we found that about 28% of them show small spatial scale (6''–8'') and short time scale (tens of seconds to a few minutes), unusual large broadening and large shift velocities in spectral lines including Hα, Hβ, H, Ca II H, Ca II K, Ca II 8542?, He I D3 and He I 10830?. We present in detail two typical events observed respectively on 2002 May 27 and 1981 August 2. The full-width at half maximum of the widest profile of the 2001 prominence is 1.8? for Hα and 2.9 ? for He I 10830?, while that of the 1981 prominence is 5.3 ? for Hβ, 3.6 ? for Ca II K, 4.0 ? for Ca II H and 2.8 ? for He I D3. Such broadenings generally occur at a level of several-thousand kilometres above the chromosphere. Further, most of these prominences manifest a rotation of (0.4–1.35)×10-2 rads s?1 pointing to the Sun and large line-of-sight velocities of 20–200 km s?1. Some of these events correspond in time to an enhancement or a small peak in the GOES X-ray flux, indicating the existence of high energy process at work. These prominences generally display discernible changes in the Hα morphology around the time of large broadening, but do not show Hα brightening or overall eruption except for a few small surge-like events, hence, they are hardly observed in daily Hα patrols. According to the characteristics of their Hα structures and spectral properties, we infer these events are small-scale eruptions similar to nano-flares, which may contribute to the mass and energy transported into the corona. Large turbulent velocities of 25–120 km s?1 are responsible for the observed broadenings.

The Ultrastructural Characteristics of the Stria Vascularis, Spiral Prominence and Spiral Ligament in Guinea Pigs

The mean length of the stria vascularis (SV) and the basilar membrane of four normalguinea pigs measured by means of surface preparation was 21.11 mm and 19. 90 mm respectively,and the mean width of their apical turns of SV and the turns of the cochlear basis was 0. 44 mmand 0. 86 mm respectively. The ultrastructure of SV, spiral ligament (SL) and spiral prominence(SP) of both ears of eight guinea pigs were observed by scanning electron microscopy(SEM) andtransmission electron microsoopy(TEM). There were a large number of coated vesicles in thesupranuclear region of SV, some opened to the endolymph. A great number of folding cytoplasmicprojections were filled with small vesicles The capillary network was extremely rich indicating thatthe endolymph could be secreted and absorbed by SV. The cellular conjunction in the SV. SL andSP formed an effective barrier. It has not been proved in this study that the melanin offers resistanceto acoustic stimulation.

Derivation of the Spiral Motion of an Eruptive Prominence and Its Explanation

A 2D velocity field of the eruptive prominence （EP） of 1991 March 5 is obtained from its spectral data observed at the Yunnan Observatory and the velocity distributions along the entrance slit are derived for different observing frames. Under the assumption that matter in the EP undergoes axial, radial and possible rotational motions, we construct a theoretical velocity distribution of the EP along the entrance slit, to derive, by fitting, the angular velocity of rotation ω and the other three parameters （axial velocity v0, radial velocity vr and the angle between the EP plane and the line of sight Ф）. We found： an averaged angular velocity ω of 3.0 × 10^-3 arc s^-1 and the variation of ω with the height above the solar limb. As the EP rises, the matter within it in fact moves along a spiral path around its axis. The spiral motion may be explained by the theory of plasma ‘double pole diffusion＇ （DPD） caused by a sharp density gradient between the eruptive prominence and the surrounding corona. A theoretical angular velocity ω′ is estimated based on the DPD and basically coincides with ω obtained from the optimal velocity fitting.

Damped large amplitude oscillations in a solar prominence and a bundle of coronal loops

We investigate the evolutions of two prominences （P1, P2） and two bundles of coronal loops （L1, L2）, observed with SDO/AIA near the east solar limb on 2012 September 22. It is found that there were large-amplitude oscillations in P1 and L1 but no detectable motions in P2 and L2. These transverse oscillations were triggered by a large-scale coronal wave, originating from a large flare in a remote active region behind the solar limb. By carefully comparing the locations and heights of these oscillating and non-oscillating structures, we conclude that the propagating height of the wave is between 50 Mm and 130 Mm. The wave energy deposited in the oscillating prominence and coronal loops is at least of the order of 10-8 erg. Furthermore, local magnetic field strength and Alfv6n speeds are derived from the oscillating periods and damping time scales, which are extracted from the time series of the oscillations. It is demon- strated that oscillations can be used in not only coronal seismology, but also to reveal the properties of the wave.

Prominence Activity during the 2006 Total Solar Eclipse

During total solar eclipses, we can observe the outer atmospheric layers of the sun (chromosphere and corona). The solar corona extends to several solar radii depending on the sunspot cycle. Basic coronal structures such as polar streamers, helmet type structures were?observed?during the 2006 total solar eclipse. Our total solar eclipse 2006 observations through?both White light corona and H-Alpha filter allowed us to describe coronal structures and Prominence Activity. We found that the solar corona is extended to 4 times of solar radii, the existence different zones of white light corona were shown, moreover, we compared the defined features of solar corona at different observing locations along the track of total solar eclipse 2006. The solar limb activity was studied during both of partial and total eclipse phases by using H-Alpha and white light observations from Salloum, Egypt. We got same prominence activity during partial and total phases of the solar eclipse and recorded three prominences on solar limb. Finally, our processed image in a good agreement with the published?processed images?was?observed from different locations along the track of total eclipse,?added, similar magnetic field structure shown in our processed image and published one.

High-resolution observations of prominence plume formation with the new vacuum solar telescope

Prominence plumes are evacuated upflows that emerge from bubbles below prominences,whose formation mechanism is still unclear.Here we present a detailed study of plumes in a quiescent prominence using the high-resolution Hαfiltergrams at the line center as well as line wing at±0.4 A from the New Vacuum Solar Telescope.Enhancements of brightening,blue shifts,and turbulence at the fronts of plumes are found during their formation.Some large plumes split at their heads and finger-shaped structures are formed between them.Blue-shifted flows along the bubble-prominence interface are found before and during the plume formation.Our observations are consistent with the hypothesis that prominence plumes are related to coupled Kelvin-Helmholtz and Rayleigh-Taylor(KH/RT)instabilities.Plume splittings and fingers are evidence of RT instability,and the flows may increase the growth rate of KH/RT instabilities.However,the significant turbulence at plume fronts may suggest that the RT instability is triggered by the plumes penetrating into the prominence.In this scenario,extra mechanisms are necessary to drive the plumes.

“Malaysia Has Certainly Benefited from China’s Prominence on the World Stage”——Exclusive Interview with See Chee Kong Leonard, Business Minister of Embassy of Malaysia in PRC

Relations between China and Malaysia have been developing steadily.Recently,See Chee Kong Leonard,Business Minister of Embassy of Malaysia in PRC,accepted an interview with Chinas Foreign Tradey and talked about the 45 years of economic and trade cooperation and achievements of the two countries.

Contrastive Study of English and Chinese Subjects in Perspective of Cognitive Prominence

This present paper, in perspective of cognitive prominence, the cognitive motive on the differences between English and Chinese subjects, and then explores the interpretability of the Adaptation Theory in translating the subjects. It is discovered that the blending of the cognitive prominence and the theory of adaptation is very effective in elaborating the subtle differences of English and Chinese subjects in translation, and reasonable in expounding the infeasibility of some plausible versions.

Beauty of “Deviance”:A Study of Hills Like White Elephants from the Perspective of Motivated Prominence

Ernest Hemingway's short story of Hills Like White Elephants is a masterpiece with an open ending depicted with virtu osity. While it has attracted much discussion from different perspectives, one particular aspect remains to be further explored. A careful examination of this story will enable the readers to discover a certain level of language"deviance", which in fact serves the special purpose of foregrounding. By referring to the"foregrounding theory"and applying Halliday's concept of"motivated prominence"in the linguistic analysis of the story, this paper attempts to draw special attention to such language"deviance"and reveal the hidden messages. By doing so, the readers are expected to acquire a better understanding of the theme and the implica tions in this story and fully appreciate the beauty of such language"deviance"as well as Hemingway's virtuosity in language use in his writing.

面向教育强国建设的博士生教育:成效、问题与举措

博士生教育是国民教育的最高端,全面提升博士生自主培养质量是建设教育强国的关键支撑。面对加快建设教育强国的战略部署和高等教育的龙头作用,我国博士生培养在规模结构和整体质量、管理评价机制、导师队伍建设、资源配置优化、国外优秀生源吸引力等方面还存在一些突出问题。面向教育强国建设,加快推动博士生培养高质量发展,宜稳步扩大博士培养规模,推动博士生教育提质增效;深化管理体制机制和评价改革,激发博士生人才队伍创新活力;加强导师职责岗位管理,打造一流博士生导师队伍;强化优质资源协同配置,促进科教融汇、产教融合;全面提高博士生自主培养能力,加快建立人才资源竞争优势。

“过”的信息突显性及其解释力

以往研究用终结性或可重复性来解读经历体标记“过”的语法意义,但各有反例。文章提出,“过”应该满足信息突显的语用条件,终结性与可重复性则源自信息突显的两个实现条件。因为信息突显性的制约,肯定和否定语境下的“V过”包含截然相反的信息量。信息突显依赖“图形”和“背景”的配置。图形是“过”标记的事件,通过终结性实现突显,是终结义的来源;背景则是事件集合,通过“数”概念起到衬托的作用,是可重复义的来源。文章引入突显概念,完善终结义和可重复义的内涵,将两者看作突显性的一体两面,实现了两个语法意义的融合。

从“断句难”看“小句凸显”——兼议汉语的句子

断句难,由来已久。从断句实例中发现,汉语的句子并非英语的sentence。在语篇中,汉语的句子由形式、语意和认知三方面综合判定。从语篇角度看,句子不过是语篇的最小段落,带有一定的主观性。因此,汉语的句子具有较大弹性。与句子相比,小句是汉语话语中更突出、更稳定、更重要、更容易区分也更具解释性的单位。标点小句比点断句子更重要。汉语语篇的基本单位是小句,而英语语篇的基本单位则是sentence。因此,可以说汉语是“小句凸显”的语言。小句凸显与句子难断是一张纸的两面。小句凸显的确定将影响对汉语其他方面的认识,也将影响对内和对外的句子教学。

建筑屋面风雨场及突出建筑立面风驱雨的实测研究

文章对某多层建筑屋面区域风驱雨(wind-driven rain,WDR)开展实测,结合3类典型降雨事件的分析,揭示大气湍流特征以及风速、风向对雨滴的影响特性,并针对突出屋面建筑,实测分析立面WDR分布特性,量化国际标准化组织(International Organization for Standardization,ISO)半经验模型对突出屋面建筑WDR预测的偏差。结果表明,在3类降雨事件中,湍流度、阵风因子和湍流积分尺度的实测值与基于地面实测建立的公式理论值之间存在较大差异;实测的雨滴数量与标准M-P谱计算的雨滴数量差值最大为125个。在风速和雨强差异较小时,建筑立面WDR分布受来流与立面夹角的影响显著。由于ISO半经验模型是基于地面实测建立的,其对突出屋面建筑WDR的预测存在偏差,在模型适用的降雨条件下实测值约为ISO预测值的2倍。

磁敏感加权血管成像在急性缺血性脑卒中缺血半暗带评估中的应用

目的分析磁敏感加权血管成像(SWAN)在急性缺血性脑卒中缺血半暗带部位及范围评估中的临床应用价值。方法回顾性收集2019年1月至2022年12月在南京中医药大学连云港附属医院行磁共振检查急性期缺血性脑卒中患者25例,男15例,女10例,年龄(55.7±14.4)岁。均行弥散加权成像(DWI)、T2加权液体衰减反转恢复序列(T2 Flair)、SWAN及三维动脉自旋标记(3D ASL)序列检查,将DWI显示高信号区、表观弥散系数(ADC)显示低信号区判定为梗死核心区,分析SWAN序列提示突出血管征(PVS)阳性区域、3D ASL序列提示脑血流量(CBF)低灌注区域分别与梗死核心区间的不匹配范围差异,采用独立样本t检验。结果SWAN-DWI不匹配区的范围为(2289.42±721.47)mm^(2)、3D ASL-DWI不匹配区范围为(2331.59±730.71)mm^(2),两者差异无统计学意义(t=0.205,P=0.838)。结论利用磁共振SWAN序列提示的PVS可用于评估急性缺血性脑卒中缺血半暗带部位及范围,为临床治疗方案选择提供影像依据。

应急语言独语句的语义建构研究

独语句在应急语言中使用广泛,并形成了数量众多的应急语言独语句。从认知突显视角出发,对应急语言独语句的语义建构进行学理阐释。研究显示,应急语言独语句是概念化者在应急语境下以经济方式进行的语言编码,其本质是将应急场景中最为突显的部分前景化,促使听者能够迅速捕捉到言者所要传达的核心信息,以实现应急交际的目的。这一研究结果,不仅可以在一定程度上弥补应急语言服务对独语句研究的不足,也可以为应急语言的研制提供参考,从而更好地服务于国家应急语言建设。

中华法治文明的突出特性及其内在逻辑:以制度演进与法典沿革为中心

中华法治文明的突出特性是中华民族五千多年探索自我治理的经验与智慧的理性沉淀。中国古代制度演进与法典沿革的轨迹表征着中华法治文明的连续性,中华法治文明连续演进的历程展现了法制发展在因袭传统基础上兴革损益的进取精神,展现了各民族法律制度、法典体系与法治观念不断融合的大一统传统,展现了法制发展过程中开放包容接纳域外法治文化、兼收并蓄吸收多元宗教文化、开放平等对待各民族文化的价值取向,展现了法制发展过程中贯穿始终的天与人和谐、人与人和睦、国与国和平的秩序理念,从而进一步表征了中华法治文明的创新性、统一性、包容性、和平性。中华法治文明突出的连续性从根本上决定了中华民族现代法治文明与之具有一致的理论逻辑、历史逻辑与实践逻辑。坚持中国共产党的全面领导,传承中华优秀传统法律文化,中华民族现代法治文明必将站在世界法治发展的舞台中央,持续创造人类法治文明新形态。

基于CiteSpace的河洛文化研究态势分析

河洛文化是中华民族的根文化和中国传统文化的源头。研究解读河洛文化,对于建设新时代中华民族精神家园,实现中华民族伟大复兴意义重大。基于SiteSpace科学文献计量知识图谱研究方法,以1984~2023年间中国知网收录的757篇河洛文化论文为研究对象,从“发文时间分布”“关键词共现”“关键词聚类”“关键词突显”4个方面,探究其发展历程与现状。目前,河洛文化研究虽然取得了一系列丰硕成果,但仍有需要深入拓展的学术领域。

安徽省稻田杂草发生现状与防控对策

安徽省是我国水稻主产区之一,地处南北过渡带,滨江临淮,区位优势明显,地理、气候环境多样,不同水稻种植区逐渐形成以稗Echinochloa crus-galli、千金子Leptochloa chinensis、马唐Digitaria sanguinalis、杂草稻Oryza sativa等一种或多种恶性杂草为主的差异性分布群落,且伴随耕作及生产活动不断发生演替,对水稻的产量与品质构成严重威胁。目前安徽省稻田杂草防除仍以化学防控为主,单一化学除草剂常年高频超量使用现象突出,带来农业面源污染、农药残留、抗药性等一系列问题,使水稻稳产增收、杂草可持续防控等面临严峻的挑战。笔者在前期跟踪监测和调查走访的基础上,对安徽省稻田杂草发生、为害及防控现状进行了剖析,并针对安徽省当前稻田杂草防除中存在的问题提出部分对策和建议,以期为稻田杂草防控提供科学参考。

突出的皮质静脉-磁敏感加权评分和分级与高海拔地区缺血性脑卒中出血转化相关性研究

目的在用突出的皮质静脉-磁敏感加权成像(prominent cortical vein-susceptibility weightedimaging,PCV-SWI)评分和PCV分级分别评价急性缺血性脑卒中(acute ischemic stroke,AIS)患者侧支循环,分析这两个影像学特征指标与出血转化(hemorrhagic transformation,HT)之间的关系。方法选取2018年1月至2022年12月青海省人民医院收治的AIS患者68例,所有患者行头颅多模态MRI扫描,观察并分析其侧支循环,侧支循环用PCV-SWI评分和PCV分级进行评估,2周内复查头颅MRI,根据有无HT分为HT组39例和非HT组29例。分析侧支循环与HT之间的关系。结果HT组PVC 3级比例高于非HT组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。在68例AIS患者中,PCV-SWI(0~7分)32例和非PCV-SWI(8~10分)36例,在PCV-SWI患者中发生HT 27例,而在非PCV-SWI患者发生HT 12例,HT组PCV-SWI比例高于非HT组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),PCV-SWI者代表更广泛的PCV,HT在PCV-SWI患者中的比例为69.23%,在非PCV-SWI患者中的比例为30.77%。在68例AIS患者中,弥散加权成像-Alberta卒中项目早期CT评分(diffusion weighted imaging-Alberta stroke program early CT score,DWI-ASPECTS)≤7分61例,DWI-ASPECTS>7分7例,HT组DWI-ASPECTS≤7分比例高于非HT组,差异有统计学意义(97.44%vs 79.31%,P<0.05)。二元logistic回归分析显示,PCV分级、入院10~14 d美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale,NIHSS)评分是HT发生的独立危险因素(OR=2.128,95%CI:1.200~3.774,P=0.010;OR=1.308,95%CI:1.057~1.620,P=0.014),DWI-ASPECTS是HT发生的保护因素(OR=0.646,95%CI:0.442~0.945,P=0.024)。结论DWI-ASPECTS、PCV分级、入院10~14 d NIHSS评分是高海拔地区AIS患者HT发生的独立预测因素。临床上进一步进行影像学的PCV征象及梗死面积评价,有助于HT发生的早期预测。