Secure Wireless Multicasting through Nakagami-m Fading Channels with Multi-Hop Relaying

The additional diversity gain provided by the relays improves the secrecy capacity of communications system significantly. The multiple hops in the relaying system is an important technique to improve this diversity gain. The development of an analytical mathematical model of ensuring security in multicasting through fading channels incorporating this benefit of multi-hop relaying is still an open problem. Motivated by this issue, this paper considers a secure wireless multicasting scenario employing multi-hop relaying technique over frequency selective Nakagami-m fading channel and develops an analytical mathematical model to ensure the security against multiple eavesdroppers. This mathematical model has been developed based on the closed-form analytical expressions of the probability of non-zero secrecy multicast capacity (PNSMC) and the secure outage probability for multicasting (SOPM) to ensure the security in the presence of multiple eavesdroppers. Moreover, the effects of the fading parameter of multicast channel, the number of hops and eavesdropper are investigated. The results show that the security in multicasting through Nakagami-m fading channel with multi-hop relaying system is more sensitive to the number of hops and eavesdroppers. The fading of multicast channel helps to improve the secrecy multicast capacity and is not the enemy of security in multicasting.

On the System Performance of Mobile Edge Computing in an Uplink NOMA WSN With a Multiantenna Access Point Over Nakagami-m Fading

In this paper,we study the system performance of mobile edge computing(MEC)wireless sensor networks(WSNs)using a multiantenna access point(AP)and two sensor clusters based on uplink nonorthogonal multiple access(NOMA).Due to limited computation and energy resources,the cluster heads(CHs)offload their tasks to a multiantenna AP over Nakagami-m fading.We proposed a combination protocol for NOMA-MEC-WSNs in which the AP selects either selection combining(SC)or maximal ratio combining(MRC)and each cluster selects a CH to participate in the communication process by employing the sensor node(SN)selection.We derive the closed-form exact expressions of the successful computation probability(SCP)to evaluate the system performance with the latency and energy consumption constraints of the considered WSN.Numerical results are provided to gain insight into the system performance in terms of the SCP based on system parameters such as the number of AP antennas,number of SNs in each cluster,task length,working frequency,offloading ratio,and transmit power allocation.Furthermore,to determine the optimal resource parameters,i.e.,the offloading ratio,power allocation of the two CHs,and MEC AP resources,we proposed two algorithms to achieve the best system performance.Our approach reveals that the optimal parameters with different schemes significantly improve SCP compared to other similar studies.We use Monte Carlo simulations to confirm the validity of our analysis.

Asymptotic analysis of multi-branch two-way amplify-and-forward relaying in Nakagami-m fading with arbitrary fading parameter

Two-way relay networks have received lots of attention, thanks to its ability to overcome the loss in the spectral efficiency due to half-duplex transmission. Asymptotic performance analysis can provide valuable insights in- to practical system designs. However, this is a gap in two-way relay network. In this paper, the asymptotic performance is studied for multi-branch dual-hop two-way amplify-and-forward （AF） relaying networks in independently but not necessarily identically distributed （i.n.i.d.） Nakagami-m fading channels, with arbitrary m 〉 5. The approximate prob- ability density function （PDF） of the instantaneous dual-hop link power at high SNR region is derived. Then we present the asymptotic outage probability expression, and analyze the diversity order and coding gain. Simulations are per- formed to verify the tightness of the presented analysis at medium and high SNR regions.

Enhancing Security in Correlated Nakagami-m Fading Cellular Network Using SC and SSC Diversity Combining

The effect of correlated fading reduces the performance gain in multi-antenna communications. Diversity combining is a well-known technique to reduce the effect of correlation. But still, it is an open problem to quantify as the diversity scheme is more efficient in enhancing the security of cellular multicast network mitigating the effects of correlation. Motivated by this issue, this paper considers a secure wireless multicasting scenario through correlated cellular networks in the presence of multiple eavesdroppers. The selection combining (SC) and switch and stay combining (SSC) techniques are considered in dual arbitrarily correlated Nakagami-m fading channels. The closed-form analytical expressions for the probability of non-zero secrecy multicast capacity and the secure outage probability for multicasting are derived to understand the insight into the effects of correlation on the SC and SSC diversity schemes and to quantify which diversity scheme is more efficient in enhancing the security of correlated multicast networks. The results show that, although the diversity gain reduces the effect of correlation, the diversity gain provided by the SC diversity scheme is more significant in mitigating the effect of correlation compared to the SSC diversity scheme. Due to the selection mechanism of SC diversity, it is more sensitive to the change of SNR of the eavesdropper’s channel compared to the case of the SSC diversity scheme.

Performance of a Dual-Hop Multi-relay Cooperative Network in a Nakagami-m Fading Environment

An exact average symbol error rate analysis for the distributed dual-hop relay cooperative network with multiple relays in a Nakagami-m fading environment is presented.In the derivation of the moment generation function of receiver Signal-to-Noise Ratio(SNR),the sectional integral method is used,instead of the cumulative density function method which is ordinarily used by the deduction of the outage probability of S-R-D link.The accurate symbol error rate of a dual-hop relay cooperative network is obtained with the closed-form Moment Genoration Function (MGF) expression.The correctness of the symbol error rate is verified through numerical simulations and is compared with other analytical methods.These deductions clearly show that the distributed cooperative diversity network presented has strong superiorities in overcoming severe fading and can achieve full diversity order.

Performance of M-QAM, M-DPSK and M-PSK with MRC diversity in a Nakagami-m fading channel

The nature of a wireless communication channel is very unpredictable. To design a good communication link, it is required to know the statistical model of the channel accurately. The average symbol error probability(ASER) was analyzed for different modulation schemes. A unified analytical framework was presented to obtain closed-form solutions for calculating the ASER of M-ary differential phase-shift keying(M-DPSK), coherent M-ary phase-shift keying(M-PSK), and quadrature amplitude modulation(QAM) over single or multiple Nakagami-m fading channels. Moreover, the ASER was estimated and evaluated by using the maximal ratio-combining(MRC) diversity technique. Simulation results show that an error rate of the fading channel typically depends on Nakagami parameters(m), space diversity(N), and symbol rate(M). A comparison between M-PSK, M-DPSK, and M-QAM modulation schemes was shown, and the results prove that M-ary QAM(M-QAM) demonstrates better performance compared to M-DPSK and M-PSK under all fading and non-fading conditions.

A Deep Learning Based Broadcast Approach for Image Semantic Communication over Fading Channels

We consider an image semantic communication system in a time-varying fading Gaussian MIMO channel,with a finite number of channel states.A deep learning-aided broadcast approach scheme is proposed to benefit the adaptive semantic transmission in terms of different channel states.We combine the classic broadcast approach with the image transformer to implement this adaptive joint source and channel coding(JSCC)scheme.Specifically,we utilize the neural network(NN)to jointly optimize the hierarchical image compression and superposition code mapping within this scheme.The learned transformers and codebooks allow recovering of the image with an adaptive quality and low error rate at the receiver side,in each channel state.The simulation results exhibit our proposed scheme can dynamically adapt the coding to the current channel state and outperform some existing intelligent schemes with the fixed coding block.

Effective Capacity of URLLC over Parallel Fading Channels with Imperfect Channel State Information

This paper investigates the effective capacity of a point-to-point ultra-reliable low latency communication(URLLC)transmission over multiple parallel sub-channels at finite blocklength(FBL)with imperfect channel state information(CSI).Based on reasonable assumptions and approximations,we derive the effective capacity as a function of the pilot length,decoding error probability,transmit power and the sub-channel number.Then we reveal significant impact of the above parameters on the effective capacity.A closed-form lower bound of the effective capacity is derived and an alternating optimization based algorithm is proposed to find the optimal pilot length and decoding error probability.Simulation results validate our theoretical analysis and show that the closedform lower bound is very tight.In addition,through the simulations of the optimized effective capacity,insights for pilot length and decoding error probability optimization are provided to evaluate the optimal parameters in realistic systems.

Closed-form expressions for outage probability of decode-and-forward relaying over Nakagami-m fading channels

In this article, an exact closed-form expression is derived for outage probability of decode-and-forward （DF） cooperative communications over independent identically distributed Nakagami-m fading channels. Simulation results verify that the theoretical expressions for the outage probability are correct. The optimal power allocation based on the derived outage probability is also studied.

Outage probability of opportunistic decode-and-forward relaying over Nakagami-m fading channels

In this article, the outage probability behavior of a relay network over Nakagami-m fading channels is analyzed. Both reactive and proactive opportunistic decode-and-forward （DAF） strategies are considered. The closed-form solutions to the outage probabilities on both opportunistic DAF strategies are derived. Simulation results confirm the presented mathematical analysis.

Performance analysis of ARQ schemes with code combining over Nakagami-m fading channel

This article investigates the performance of hybrid automatic repeat request （HARQ） with code combining over the ideally interleaved Nakagami-m fading channel. Two retransmission protocols with coherent equal gain code combining are adopted, where the entire frame and several selected portions of the frame are repeated in protocols I and II, respectively. Protocol II could be viewed as a generalization of the recently proposed reliability-based HARQ. To facilitate performance analysis, an approximation of the product of two independent Nakagami-m distributed random variables is first developed. Then the approximate analysis is utilized to obtain exact frame error probability （FEP） for protocol I, and the upper bound of the FEP for protocol II. Furthermore, the throughput performance of both two protocols is presented. Simulation results show the reliability of the theoretical analysis, where protocol II outperforms protocol I in the throughput performance due to the reduced amount of transmitted information.

多音干扰下Nakagami-m信道传输Link16数据链的性能分析

Link16数据链的应用综合广泛,由于运用了跳扩频和编码技术使其具有强大的抗干扰能力。为了探究Link16数据链在衰落信道下的响应,在加性高斯白噪信道的基础之上,研究了Link16数据链经过Nakagami-m衰落信道的系统性能。着重推导了Link16数据链单脉冲结构在多音干扰下经过Nakagami-m衰落信道的误码率(bit error rate,BER)表达式,并给出了双脉冲结构BER公式。仿真实验结果验证了Link16数据链单脉冲结构在多音干扰下经过Nakagami-m衰落信道的BER公式的准确性,分析了多径参数对Link16数据链抗干扰性能的影响,得出增加衰落参数m和可分辨路径可以提升Link16数据链的系统性能,且当信干比一定、被干扰频点个数在25个及以上时系统BER达到10-1。

Distributed differential space-time coding for asynchronous two-way relaying networks with Nakagami-m fading

A signal detection scheme was proposed for two-way relaying networks（TWRNs） using distributed differential space-time coding（DDSTC） under imperfect synchronization. Unlike most existing work perfect with synchronization assumed, a relative delay between the signals transmitted from both sources to the relay was considered. Since perfect channel state information（CSI） is difficult to be acquired in fast fading, the scenarios and computation complexity will be increased especially when there appear multiple relays, CSI is assumed unavailable at all nodes. Therefore, the article proposes a differential signal detection scheme based on estimating and cancelling the imperfect synchronization component in the received signal at the two source nodes, followed by a least square（LS） decoder. Simulations, using the Nakagami-m fading channel due to its versatile statistical distribution property, show that the proposed scheme for both source nodes are effective in suppressing the inter-symbol interference（ISI） caused by imperfect synchronization while neither the source nodes nor the relay nodes have any knowledge of CSI.

Tighter bounds of multihop relayed communications in Nakagami-m fading

Closed-form bounds for the end-to-end performance of multihop communications with non-regenerative relays over Nakagami-m fading channels are investigated.Upper and lower bounds of the end-to-end signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)are first developed by using the monotonicity.Then,the probability density functions(PDFs),the cumulative distribution functions,and the momentgenerating functions(MGFs)of the bounds are derived.Using these results,the bounds for the outage and average bit error probability(ABEP)are obtained.Numerical and simulation results are executed to validate the tightness of the proposed bounds.

Performance Analysis of AF Relaying Based on Water-filling Power Allocation over Nakagami-m Fading

This paper investigates exact performance of an amplify-and-forward(AF) relay system based on water-filling power allocation in Nakagami-m fading environment, where m is a nonnegative integer plus one half.We first offer the cumulative distribution function(CDF) and probability density function(PDF) of the received signal-to-noise ratio(SNR) at a destination. Then outage probability, moments of SNR, higher-order statistics of the capacity are explicitly conducted. Especially, average symbol error rate(SER) under an additive white generalized Gaussian noise(AWGGN) is developed for water-filling power allocation scheme. While the average SER subjected by an additive white Gaussian noise(AWGN) can be regarded as a special case. Finally, all theoretical formulas are truly attested by various simulation results.

Performance Analysis of Single Relay Selection in Cooperative Communication over Nakagami-m Fading Channels

We derive closed-form expressions for outage probability and symbol error rate(SER) of opportunistic relaying(OR) and selection cooperation(SC).For the amplify-and-forward relay selection scheme,comparison between two selection strategies over independent non-identically distributed Nakagami-m fading channels via analytical and simulation results is given in terms of the outage probability and SER.Simulation results show that OR performs better than SC.

A BCH code assisted modified NCO based LSPF-DPLL topology for Nakagami-m, Rayleigh and Rician fading channels

In spite of the rapid developments in communication technologies over the past few decades, which include attractive features offered by the presently used 3G/4G systems,让 continues to be a challenge to render adequate services with the exponential rise in the number of users and applications. However, efficient alternatives, including 5G methods, are being explored to mitigate this problem. Such systems also aspire to render sustained coverage with lesser constraints on power and Quality of Service (QoS). Today, versatile Digital Phase Locked Loop (DPLL) based packages find place as communication receivers. Of late, a Least Square Polynomial Fitting DPLL (LSPF-DPLL) with Modified Phase Resolving Numerically Controlled Oscillator (MPR-NCO), which demonstrates excellent time performance and maintains satisfactory error rates, was proposed. A Bose, Chaudhuri, and Hocquenghem (BCH) channel code assisted version of the MPR-NCO based LSPF-DPLL system is presented here. The proposed system exhibits better B让 Error Rate (BER), throughput, and baud rate levels over the previously proposed uncoded version.

Optimizing Power Allocation for D2D Communication with URLLC under Rician Fading Channel:A Learning-to-Optimize Approach

To meet the high-performance requirements of fifth-generation(5G)and sixth-generation(6G)wireless networks,in particular,ultra-reliable and low-latency communication(URLLC)is considered to be one of the most important communication scenarios in a wireless network.In this paper,we consider the effects of the Rician fading channel on the performance of cooperative device-to-device(D2D)communication with URLLC.For better performance,we maximize and examine the system’s minimal rate of D2D communication.Due to the interference in D2D communication,the problem of maximizing the minimum rate becomes non-convex and difficult to solve.To solve this problem,a learning-to-optimize-based algorithm is proposed to find the optimal power allocation.The conventional branch and bound(BB)algorithm are used to learn the optimal pruning policy with supervised learning.Ensemble learning is used to train the multiple classifiers.To address the imbalanced problem,we used the supervised undersampling technique.Comparisons are made with the conventional BB algorithm and the heuristic algorithm.The outcome of the simulation demonstrates a notable performance improvement in power consumption.The proposed algorithm has significantly low computational complexity and runs faster as compared to the conventional BB algorithm and a heuristic algorithm.

IRS辅助的车联网相移设计和信道对齐策略

针对车联网中车辆的动态移动以及信号的随机散射所导致的信道快速变化问题,研究了智能反射面(intelligent reflecting surface,IRS)辅助的车联网通信并提出了联合相移设计和信道对齐策略,以削减车联网中多普勒频移的影响并提升通信性能。提出的策略由两个阶段构成。在第一阶段设计IRS的相移以改善级联信道的衰落状态,在策略的第二阶段进行修正函数的设计,实现了直接信道和级联信道的信道对齐,从而减少直接信道快衰落状态对通信性能的影响。通过联合相移设计和信道对齐策略中设计的反射相移以及修正函数,实现了通信性能的提升。仿真结果表明,所提策略相比于相移优化策略可以提升8.8%的频谱效率。