The connotations and denotations of the term net-zero-energy solar buildings(NZESBs)have been in constant flux because of continuous developments in solar heating technology,solar photovoltaic(PV)technology,building e...The connotations and denotations of the term net-zero-energy solar buildings(NZESBs)have been in constant flux because of continuous developments in solar heating technology,solar photovoltaic(PV)technology,building energy-storage technology,regional energy-storage technology,and energy-management systems.This paper focuses on innovative strategies for implementing NZESBs in Nanjing,China.These strategies include integrated architectural design,including passive solar design(respecting climatic characteristics and conducting integrated planning based on the environment,building orientation,distance between buildings,build-ing shape,ratio of window area to wall area,and building envelope)and active solar design(integration of the solar-energy-collecting end of the system–collectors and PV panels–with the building surface–roof,wall surfaces,balconies,and sun-shading devices–and the integration of solar-energy transfer and storage equip-ment with the building).Some Nanjing-specific recommendations and findings on NZESBs are proposed.The results illustrate that NZESBs can be realized in Nanjing if solar energy technologies are appropriately integrated with the character-istics of Nanjing’s geography,climate and buildings.展开更多
Ibrutinib,a targeted therapy for B-cell malignancies,has shown remarkable efficacy in treating various hematologic cancers.However,its clinical use has raised concerns regarding cardiovascular complications,notably at...Ibrutinib,a targeted therapy for B-cell malignancies,has shown remarkable efficacy in treating various hematologic cancers.However,its clinical use has raised concerns regarding cardiovascular complications,notably atrial fibrillation(AF).This comprehensive review critically evaluates the association between ibrutinib and AF by examining incidence,risk factors,mechanistic links,and management strategies.Through an extensive analysis of original research articles,this review elucidates the complex interplay between ibrutinib’s therapeutic benefits and cardiovascular risks.Moreover,it highlights the need for personalized treatment approaches,vigilant monitoring,and interdisciplinary collaboration to optimize patient outcomes and safety in the context of ibrutinib therapy.The review provides a valuable resource for healthcare professionals aiming to navigate the intricacies of ibrutinib’s therapeutic landscape while prioritizing patient well-being.展开更多
What type of entrepreneurial spirit is needed for China’s new era,and how can we unlock its innovation potential?Answers to these questions will unleash vital forces to drive China’s high-quality economic developmen...What type of entrepreneurial spirit is needed for China’s new era,and how can we unlock its innovation potential?Answers to these questions will unleash vital forces to drive China’s high-quality economic development.After reviewing the theories,dimensions,features,and limitations of the entrepreneurial spirit in the Western context,we concluded that the entrepreneurial spirit in China’s new era,which is characterized by patriotism,innovation,trustworthiness,adherence to the law,fulfillment of social responsibilities,and a global horizon,has overcome the limitations that come with self-interested entrepreneurship in the context of Western economics.This is a major step forward in the development of theories on entrepreneurial spirit.In the development context of the new era,this paper argues that the entrepreneurial spirit should become an important force at the individual level to implement the new development concept,foster the new development paradigm,and promote high-quality development in the new stage.This paper provides answers to the question of what type of entrepreneurial spirit China’s new era requires.Finally,this paper presents basic strategies for cultivating entrepreneurial spirit in the context of China’s new era,emphasizing the importance to promote the healthy growth of young entrepreneurs,ensure their business autonomy,develop a multi-tiered capital market,implement the factor market reforms,improve the business climate,and accelerate the digital transition.展开更多
Self-serving,rational agents sometimes cooperate to their mutual benefit.The two-player iterated prisoner′s dilemma game is a model for including the emergence of cooperation.It is generally believed that there is no...Self-serving,rational agents sometimes cooperate to their mutual benefit.The two-player iterated prisoner′s dilemma game is a model for including the emergence of cooperation.It is generally believed that there is no simple ultimatum strategy which a player can control the return of the other participants.The zero-determinant strategy in the iterated prisoner′s dilemma dramatically expands our understanding of the classic game by uncovering strategies that provide a unilateral advantage to sentient players pitted against unwitting opponents.However,strategies in the prisoner′s dilemma game are only two strategies.Are there these results for general multi-strategy games?To address this question,the paper develops a theory for zero-determinant strategies for multi-strategy games,with any number of strategies.The analytical results exhibit a similar yet different scenario to the case of two-strategy games.The results are also applied to the Snowdrift game,the Hawk-Dove game and the Chicken game.展开更多
In recent years, multiple disciplines have focused on mitochondrial biology and contributed to understanding its relevance towards adult-onset neurodegenerative disorders. These are complex dynamic organelles that hav...In recent years, multiple disciplines have focused on mitochondrial biology and contributed to understanding its relevance towards adult-onset neurodegenerative disorders. These are complex dynamic organelles that have a variety of functions in ensuring cellular health and homeostasis. The plethora of mitochondrial functionalities confers them an intrinsic susceptibility to internal and external stressors(such as mutation accumulation or environmental toxins), particularly so in long-lived postmitotic cells such as neurons. Thus, it is reasonable to postulate an involvement of mitochondria in aging-associated neurological disorders, notably neurodegenerative pathologies including Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease. On the other hand, biological effects resulting from neurodegeneration can in turn affect mitochondrial health and function, promoting a feedback loop further contributing to the progression of neuronal dysfunction and cellular death. This review examines state-of-the-art knowledge, focus on current research exploring mitochondrial health as a contributing factor to neuroregeneration, and the development of therapeutic approaches aimed at restoring mitochondrial homeostasis in a pathological setting.展开更多
Barrett's esophagus is a condition resulting from chronic gastro-esophageal reflux disease with a documented risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma. Current strategies for improved survival in patients with Barrett'...Barrett's esophagus is a condition resulting from chronic gastro-esophageal reflux disease with a documented risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma. Current strategies for improved survival in patients with Barrett's adenocarcinoma focus on detection of dysplasia. This can be obtained by screening programs in high-risk cohorts of patients and/or endoscopic biopsy surveillance of patients with known Barrett's esophagus (BE). Several therapies have been developed in attempts to reverse BE and reduce cancer risk. Aggressive medical management of acid reflux, lifestyle modifications, antireflux surgery, and endoscopic treatments have been recommended for many patients with BE. Whether these interventions are cost-effective or reduce mortality from esophageal cancer remains controversial. Current treatment requires combinations of endoscopic mucosal resection techniques to eliminate visible lesions followed by ablation of residual metaplastic tissue. Esophagectomy is currently indicated in multifocal high-grade neoplasia or mucosal Barrett's carcinoma which cannot be managed by endoscopic approach.展开更多
A review of recent animal models of Huntington’s disease showed many microRNAs had altered expression levels in the striatum and cerebral cortex,and which were mostly downregulated.Among the altered microRNAs were mi...A review of recent animal models of Huntington’s disease showed many microRNAs had altered expression levels in the striatum and cerebral cortex,and which were mostly downregulated.Among the altered microRNAs were miR-9/9*,miR-29b,miR-124a,miR-132,miR-128,miR-139,miR-122,miR-138,miR-23b,miR-135b,miR-181(all downregulated)and miR-448(upregulated),and similar changes had been previously found in Huntington’s disease patients.In the animal cell studies,the altered microRNAs included miR-9,miR-9*,miR-135b,miR-222(all downregulated)and miR-214(upregulated).In the animal models,overexpression of miR-155 and miR-196a caused a decrease in mutant huntingtin mRNA and protein level,lowered the mutant huntingtin aggregates in striatum and cortex,and improved performance in behavioral tests.Improved performance in behavioral tests also occurred with overexpression of miR-132 and miR-124.In the animal cell models,overexpression of miR-22 increased the viability of rat primary cortical and striatal neurons infected with mutant huntingtin and decreased huntingtin-enriched foci of≥2μm.Also,overexpression of miR-22 enhanced the survival of rat primary striatal neurons treated with 3-nitropropionic acid.Exogenous expression of miR-214,miR-146a,miR-150,and miR-125b decreased endogenous expression of huntingtin mRNA and protein in HdhQ111/HdhQ111 cells.Further studies with animal models of Huntington’s disease are warranted to validate these findings and identify specific microRNAs whose overexpression inhibits the production of mutant huntingtin protein and other harmful processes and may provide a more effective means of treating Huntington’s disease in patients and slowing its progression.展开更多
Willingness to communicate illustrates anyone’s tendency and wish to commence a communication.Besides,socio-cognitive strategies are used when people want to interact with others and face some difficulties.The aim of...Willingness to communicate illustrates anyone’s tendency and wish to commence a communication.Besides,socio-cognitive strategies are used when people want to interact with others and face some difficulties.The aim of this study was twofold.The first aim was to investigate the difference in willingness to communicate between Iranian male and female.The second aim was to distinguish the frequency of socio-cognitive strategies used by Iranian advance students based on their gender.To these ends,32 advance learners(16 males and 16 females)were given the willingness to communicate questionnaire developed by MacIntyre,Baker,Clément,and Conrod(2001)and the socio-cognitive strategy use questionnaire.The range of the participants’age was 17-23 in both males and females.To analyze the result of the socio-cognitive strategies use,frequencies were counted.The result showed that although there were some similarities and differences between males and females while using socio-cognitive strategies,the differences were more in social strategies than cognitive ones.After collecting the data from the questionnaires and calculating the means of the two groups,an independent sample T-test was run to compute the significant differences between the two groups.The result of the willingness to communicate questionnaire revealed that males had more tendency in communication than females.Also,the result of the socio-cognitive strategy questionnaire showed that both groups are similar in cognitive strategy use,but they are different in social strategy use.展开更多
Based on the previous case study in promoting transformative learning of college English teachers,who participated in a three-month online training courses,the article made a further research and concluded four strate...Based on the previous case study in promoting transformative learning of college English teachers,who participated in a three-month online training courses,the article made a further research and concluded four strategies on promoting transformative learning of college English Teachers.展开更多
This paper examines the hypothesis that non-native plant invasions are related to fluctuating resource availability as proposed by Davis et al. (2000). I measured relative functional responses of both invasive and n...This paper examines the hypothesis that non-native plant invasions are related to fluctuating resource availability as proposed by Davis et al. (2000). I measured relative functional responses of both invasive and native plants to changed resource availability due to nutrient enrichment and rainfall, and to increased disturbance. Data are presented from studies in two contrasting ecosystems. First is a series of glasshouse and field experiments on the invader Hieracium lepidulum and associated invasive and native species in subalpine temperate New Zealand. Second is a field study of invasive and native plant responses to altered disturbance regimes and rainfall from tropical savannas of north eastern Australia. Invaders responded differently from native species to changes in resource availability in both subalpine and tropical studies. However, invaders differed among themselves showing that different species exploit different functional niches to invade their respective habitats. These findings contribute to the contention that the fluctuating resource hypothesis does not provide a universal explanation for plant invasions. The diverse functional responses to increased resource availability among invaders in this and previous studies suggest that the cause of invasion depends on unique combinations of habitat and functional attributes of invaders and native assemblages. Such findings imply that universal predictions of what will happen under climate change scenarios across the globe will be difficult to make.展开更多
This paper intends to discuss how to develop the learners'autonomous English learning abilities through strategy teaching.The problems of learning strategies were analyzed.Developing learners'strategies throug...This paper intends to discuss how to develop the learners'autonomous English learning abilities through strategy teaching.The problems of learning strategies were analyzed.Developing learners'strategies through classroom teaching is an efficient way to foster learner autonomy.The results prove that using the content of regular classroom teaching,which is a meaning ful context for the development of responsibility,can not only enhance the learning effect,but also save time for strategy training.The teacher's guiding role in autonomous learning should never be ignored.Developing autonomous English learning in voca tional colleges in China is a long-term pedagogical goal.展开更多
Parkinson’s disease (PD) or Paralysis Agitans was first formally described in “An essay on the shaking palsy”, published in 1817 by a British physician named James Parkinson. In the late 1950’s, dopamine was relat...Parkinson’s disease (PD) or Paralysis Agitans was first formally described in “An essay on the shaking palsy”, published in 1817 by a British physician named James Parkinson. In the late 1950’s, dopamine was related with the function of the corpus striatum, thus with the control of motor function. But it was not until 1967, when the landmark study of George C. Cotzias, demonstrated that oral L-DOPA, the precursor of dopamine metabolism, was shown to induce remission of PD symptoms, that the definitive association between the two was firmly established. However, later on L-DOPA treatment began to show a loss of effectiveness and demonstrated to induce a variety of undesirable effects, the most prominent being diskinesia. As a result of this, a variety of alternative or complementary pharmacological strategies have been developed. In this chapter we review the wide variety of strategies that have been used through time, which are geared toward reducing the most disabling symptoms of PD. We additionally make some suggestions as to which are the most promising ones.展开更多
Thurstone’s Comparative Judgment Model was applied to measure characteristics of tourists’after-trip perception of landscape preference in the Confucius Temple,a famous historical block in Nanjing City.The results s...Thurstone’s Comparative Judgment Model was applied to measure characteristics of tourists’after-trip perception of landscape preference in the Confucius Temple,a famous historical block in Nanjing City.The results show that(a)as time goes by,the tourists’time perception differentiation has continuously sublimated from the general experience into the peak experience,and gradually evolved into the core experience element in the overall perception.In terms of content,perceptional contents of tourists decrease in sequence of the Confucian culture,the commercial culture and the culture of refined scholars.As a whole,tourists’after-trip perception differentiation has 3 sections:halo zone,sub-halo zone,and gray zone.(b)Because of tourism development,the Confucian culture is influenced by other cultures,and the commercial culture shows the trend of"over-generalization",and the culture of refined scholars has weakening carriers and modes of inheritance.Inheritance of its unique cultural connotations deserves increasing attention.展开更多
The relationship between children's activities and public spaces was analyzed and summarized from three perspectives, namely, children's demands on outdoor activity spaces, factors infl uencing children's ...The relationship between children's activities and public spaces was analyzed and summarized from three perspectives, namely, children's demands on outdoor activity spaces, factors infl uencing children's behavior requirements, and planning strategies. The paper provided theoretical support for exploring the relationship between children's activities and public spaces, and proposed planning strategies for improving use effi ciency of urban outdoor public spaces and facilities, and creating public spaces capable of meeting children's psychological needs.展开更多
Over the past a few years, the China National Cereals, Oils & Foodstuffs I/E Corp. (Ceroil) has continuously been in the top ranking among China’s 500 largest import and export enterprises. Business for Ceroil wa...Over the past a few years, the China National Cereals, Oils & Foodstuffs I/E Corp. (Ceroil) has continuously been in the top ranking among China’s 500 largest import and export enterprises. Business for Ceroil was difficult because the price of cereals was decentralized and the operation system was constantly changing. In spite of that, Ceroil actively promoted industrializing, internationalizing展开更多
We study a spectrum sharing problem where multiple systems coexist and interfere with each other. First, an analysis is proposed for distributed spectrum sharing based on Prisoners' Dilemma (PD) in Cognitive Radio...We study a spectrum sharing problem where multiple systems coexist and interfere with each other. First, an analysis is proposed for distributed spectrum sharing based on Prisoners' Dilemma (PD) in Cognitive Radios (CRs). In one-shot game, selfish and rational CRs greedily full spread their own spectrum space in order to maximize their own rates, which leads to Nash Equilibrium (N.E.). But with long term interaction, i.e., Iterated Prisoner's Dilemma (IPD), CRs can come to cooperate and acquire the social optimal point by using different evolutionary strategies such as Tit For Tat (TFT), Generous TFT (GTFT), etc. Also we compare the performances of the different evolutionary strategies in noise-free and noisy environments for two-player games. Finally, N-player IPD (N-IPD) is simulated to verify our conclusions that TFT is a good strategy for spectrum sharing in CRs.展开更多