Nano-scale Reinforcements and Properties of Al-Si-Cu Alloy Processed by High-Pressure Torsion

To improve the comprehensive mechanical properties of Al-Si-Cu alloy,it was treated by a high-pressure torsion process,and the effect of the deformation degree on the microstructure and properties of the Al-Si-Cu alloy was studied.The results show that the reinforcements(β-Si andθ-CuAl_(2)phases)of the Al-Si-Cu alloy are dispersed in theα-Al matrix phase with finer phase size after the treatment.The processed samples exhibit grain sizes in the submicron or even nanometer range,which effectively improves the mechanical properties of the material.The hardness and strength of the deformed alloy are both significantly raised to 268 HV and 390.04 MPa by 10 turns HPT process,and the fracture morphology shows that the material gradually transits from brittle to plastic before and after deformation.The elements interdiffusion at the interface between the phases has also been effectively enhanced.In addition,it is found that the severe plastic deformation at room temperature induces a ternary eutectic reaction,resulting in the formation of ternary Al+Si+CuAl_(2)eutectic.

In-situ hydrocarbon formation and accumulation mechanisms of micro- and nano-scale pore-fracture in Gulong shale, Songliao Basin, NE China

By conducting experimental analyses, including thermal pyrolysis, micro-/nano-CT, argon-ion polishing field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (2D NMR), the Gulong shale oil in the Songliao Basin was investigated with respect to formation model, pore structure and accumulation mechanism. First, in the Gulong shale, there are a large number of pico-algae, nano-algae and dinoflagellates, which were formed in brackish water environment and constituted the hydrogen-rich oil source materials of shale. Second, most of the oil-generating materials of the Qingshankou Formation shale exist in the form of organo-clay complex. During organic matter thermal evolution, clay minerals had double effects of suppression and catalytic hydrogenation, which expanded shale oil window and increased light hydrocarbon yield. Third, the formation of storage space in the Gulong Shale was related to dissolution and hydrocarbon generation. With the diagenesis, micro-/nano-pores increased, pore diameter decreased and more bedding fractures appeared, which jointly gave rise to the unique reservoir with dual media (i.e. nano-scale pores and micro-scale bedding fractures) in the Gulong shale. Fourth, the micro-/nano-scale oil storage unit in the Gulong shale exhibits independent oil/gas occurrence phase, and shows that all-size pores contain oils, which occur in condensate state in micropores or in oil-gas two phase (or liquid) state in macropores/mesopores. The understanding about Gulong shale oil formation and accumulation mechanism has theoretical and practical significance for advancing continental shale oil exploration in China.

Antibacterial Effect of Nano-scale TiO_2 on Parasitic Bacterium of Nanfeng Citrus in Storage Period

[Objective] The aim was to observe the antibacterial effect of nano-scale Titanium dioxide on parasitic bacterium of Nanfeng Citrus in storage period.[Method] Nano-scale Titanium dioxide was prepared by dibutyl phthalate through sol-gel method under anhydrous conditions,and orthogonal experiment was used to determine optimum conditions for nano-scale Titanium dioxide preparation,and structure characterization of nano-scale Titanium dioxide was carried out by X-Ray diffractometer.Oxford cup method was used to explore inhibition effect of nano-scale Titanium dioxide suspension on the activity of normal parasitic bacterium of Nanfeng Citrus.Simultaneously,the empirical preservation test was carried out.[Result] The average diameter of nano-scale Titanium dioxide powder attained to 14.6 nm,actual average yield could reach 90.83% with RSD（Relative Standard Deviation）of 0.86%.[Conclusion] Nano-scale Titanium dioxide had good antibacterial effect on the parasitic bacterium of Nanfeng Citrus in storage period.

Visual Object Tracking and Servoing Control of a Nano-Scale Quadrotor:System,Algorithms,and Experiments

There are two main trends in the development of unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)technologies:miniaturization and intellectualization,in which realizing object tracking capabilities for a nano-scale UAV is one of the most challenging problems.In this paper,we present a visual object tracking and servoing control system utilizing a tailor-made 38 g nano-scale quadrotor.A lightweight visual module is integrated to enable object tracking capabilities,and a micro positioning deck is mounted to provide accurate pose estimation.In order to be robust against object appearance variations,a novel object tracking algorithm,denoted by RMCTer,is proposed,which integrates a powerful short-term tracking module and an efficient long-term processing module.In particular,the long-term processing module can provide additional object information and modify the short-term tracking model in a timely manner.Furthermore,a positionbased visual servoing control method is proposed for the quadrotor,where an adaptive tracking controller is designed by leveraging backstepping and adaptive techniques.Stable and accurate object tracking is achieved even under disturbances.Experimental results are presented to demonstrate the high accuracy and stability of the whole tracking system.

Potential Applications of Nano-Scale Science and Technology in Geosciences and Experimental Studies of Nanometer-Sized Gold Adsorption on Minerals and Rocks

Potential applications of Nano-scale science and technology are discussed in mineralogy, ore deposits, cosmochemistry and environmental sciences. Adsorption of nanometersized gold was experimentally studied on a variety of minerals and rocks.

Numerical Analysis of the Adhesive Forces in Nano-Scale Structure

Nanohairs, which can be found on the epidermis of Tokay gecko＇s toes, contribute to the adhesion by means of van der Waals force, capillary force, etc. This structure has inspired many researchers to fabricate the attachable nano-scale structures. However, the efficiency of artificial nano-scale structures is not reliable sufficiently. Moreover, the mechanical parameters related to the nano-hair attachment are not yet revealed qualitatively. The mechanical parameters which have influence on the ability of adhesive nano-hairs were investigated through numerical simulation in which only van der Waals force was considered. For the numerical analysis, finite element method was utilized and van der Waals force, assumed as 12-6 Lennard-Jones potential, was implemented as the body force term in the finite element formulation.

Nano-scale Interfacial Friction Behavior between Two Kinds of Materials in MEMS Based on Molecular Dynamics Simulations

The aim of this article was to provide a systematic method to perform molecular dynamics simulotion or evaluation for nano-scale interfacial friction behavior between two kinds of materials in MEMS design. Friction is an important factor affecting the performance and reliability of MEMS. The model of the nano-scale interracial friction behavior between two kinds of materials was presented based on the Newton＇ s equations of motion. The Morse potential function was selected for the model. The improved Verlet algorithm was employed to resolve the model, the atom trajectories and the law of the interfacial friction behavior. Comparisons with experimental data in other paper confirm the validity of the model. Using the model it is possible to simulate or evaluate the importance of different factors for designing of the nano-scale interfacial friction behavior between two kinds of materials in MEMS.

Influence of the finite size effect of Si（001）/SiO2 interface on the gate leakage current in nano-scale transistors

With the device size gradually approaching the physical limit, the small changes of the Si(001)/SiO 2 interface in silicon-based devices may have a great impact on the device characteristics. Based on this, the bridge-oxygen model is used to construct the interface of different sizes, and the finite size effect of the interface between fine electronic structure silicon and silicon dioxide is studied. Then, the influence of the finite size effect on the electrical properties of nanotransistors is calculated by using the first principle. Theoretical calculation results demonstrate that the bond length of Si-Si and Si-O shows a saturate tendency when the size increases, while the absorption capacity of visible light and the barrier of the interface increase with the decrease of size. Finally, the results of two tunneling current models show that the finite size effect of Si(001)/SiO 2 interface can lead to a larger change in the gate leakage current of nano-scale devices, and the transition region and image potential, which play an important role in the calculation of interface characteristics of large-scale devices, show different sensitivities to the finite size effect. Therefore, the finite size effect of the interface on the gate leakage current cannot be ignored in nano-scale devices.

Aspects of Characterisation of Thin Coating Adhesion at the Nano-Scale

In response to current development of materials in nano-science.characterisation of thin coating adhesion ona nano-scale becomes one of the most important research areas,as new coatings get ever thinner and more technologically advanced.With a review of technology and mechanisms of evaluating the adhesion failure of coatings.three techniques,nano-im-pact,nano-scratch and nano-indentation techniques,for charactering the adhesion of thin coatings on a nano scale are described.Results of charactering the adhesion faliure of thin coatings using three different techniques indicate that the nano scratch and nano-indentation techniques are very useful tools particularly in charactering the performance of thin coatings under nano-abra sive wear conditions.However,results from these types of tests cannot be easily applied to predict the performance of coatings whose are subject to nano-erosive wear,cyclic nano-fatigue or multiple nano-impacts during service.Instead,results of the new dynamic testing technique。

Novel Nano-scale Overlay Alignment Method for Room-temperature Imprint Lithography

A novel nano-scale alignment technique based on Moiré signal for room-temperature imprint lithography in the submicron realm is proposed. The Moiré signals generated by a pair of quadruple gratings on two templates respectively are optically projected onto a photodetector array, then the detected Moiré signals are used to estimate the alignment errors in x and y directions. The experiment result indicates that complex differential Moiré signal is sensitive to relative displacement of the pair of marks than each single Moiré signal, and the alignment resolutions obtained in x and y directions are ±20nm(3σ) and ±24nm(3σ). They can meet the requirement of alignment accuracy for submicron imprint lithography.

Nano-scaled metal powder improving tribological properties of lubricant

Cu nanoparticles were fabricated by ball milling with the anhydrous alcohol as dispersant. The size and figure of Cu nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray diffractometry and transmission electron microscopy. The tribological properties of adding Cu and MoS2 nanoparticles to the pure grease were measured on MM-200 tester, compared with the single additive and pure grease. The results show the size of Cu nanoparticles is about 50 nm. The surface with lubricant added nanopowder as additive possesses a remarkable decrease in wear volume. The friction coefficient and wear volume of lubricant mixed with 5% copper and 30% disulfide molybdenum nanoparticles are 0.09 and 1.80mm3, respectively. This mixed additive can not only increase the ability of supporting heavy load but repair the microscopic channels and cracks on the wear surface. Under higher load and long period of time, this lubricant has the characteristics of self-repairing, occluding resistance and ability of enduring higher temperature.

富钴黄铁矿中钴微-纳米尺度赋存状态:以大横路铜钴矿为例

黄铁矿是重要的载钴矿物,自然界钴矿床中富钴黄铁矿的Co含量可达10%~20%,明显超出实验岩石学和理论计算获得的黄铁矿溶解Co的能力。目前,这些富钴黄铁矿溶解过饱和Co的机制以及Co过饱和黄铁矿是否出溶方硫钴矿尚不清楚。为探讨以上问题,本文选取吉林大横路Cu-Co矿中富钴黄铁矿为研究对象。能谱元素面扫描和电子探针分析结果显示,大横路富钴黄铁矿中Co呈不均匀分布且无规律,单颗粒Co含量变化范围较大(Py108为4.31%~9.74%、Py110为4.54%~8.83%),Co的不均匀很可能与黄铁矿的生长过程和结晶环境有关。透射电镜和原子探针分析结果显示,纳米尺度富钴黄铁矿中Co呈均匀分布,未见富Co的包裹体和方硫钴矿出溶体,Co以类质同象的形式替换Fe存在于富钴黄铁矿中。根据以上结果,我们认为大横路富钴黄铁矿中溶解过饱和的Co很可能与微晶尺寸效应有关,亚稳态Co过饱和FeS_(2)-CoS_(2)固溶体可以长期保持不变。

固体力学跨尺度计算若干问题研究

本文展示了固体力学领域跨尺度计算的若干问题和研究概况。(1)建立位错动力学与有限元耦合DDD-FEM的计算模型,实现了能够基于纳米尺度离散位错运动机制计算分析连续介质有限变形晶体塑性问题,提出微纳尺度(200 nm~10μm)晶体塑性流动应力解析公式,结合试验数据揭示了在无应变梯度下强度和变形的尺寸效应;(2)建立具有微相分离结构的纳米尺度粗粒化分子动力学模型CG-MD,计算获得聚脲材料在时域和频域下的存储模量和损耗模量,通过动态加载分析的DMA试验和超声波试验的数据验证,解决了连续介质尺度下微相分离高分子共聚物的设计难题;(3)通过数据驱动关联高分辨率的微米尺度CT影像和临床低分辨率的毫米尺度CT影像的特征值,建立了围关节松质骨小梁的等效模量和结构张量,为骨组织增材制造点阵结构设计和实现个性化骨缺损重建奠定了基础。

磁电弹性材料含正六边形纳米缺陷的表面效应研究

在磁电弹性材料断裂力学框架下,利用表面弹性理论和解析函数边值理论,解析研究了反平面机械载荷、面内电载荷和磁载荷耦合作用下磁电弹性体中正六边形孔边均布六条等长裂纹的Ⅲ型断裂力学问题,确定了考虑表面效应时纳米尺寸裂纹问题的精确解.基于以上解析解,通过数值算例揭示了表面效应、缺陷几何参数及所施加的损坏载荷分别在两种理想裂纹面电磁条件假设下对断裂参数的影响规律.研究发现:考虑表面效应时影响裂纹扩展的因素与经典弹性理论解答明显不同.各个物理分量呈现出显著的尺寸依赖效应,但随着缺陷尺寸的增加,表面效应的影响呈下降趋势,并趋于经典弹性理论值.研究可为该材料应用于微纳米结构和微机电系统提供理论指导.

芯片研制用微纳米尺度温度测量方法及其展望

微纳米尺度温度测量,提供微小尺度区域的高精度温度信息。然而现有的测温技术无法满足芯片性能日益提升的需求,例如以热电偶等为代表的接触式测温具有较高的测量精度,但其响应速率慢难以实现宽场热成像;以红外辐射等为代表的非接触式测温可实现芯片表面的快速热场测量,但测温精度较低、空间分辨率受到波长的限制。因此传统测温方法难以同时满足高精度、微纳米尺度的快速温度测量,亟需寻求新的测温技术。随着量子精密测温技术的发展,基于固态量子自旋效应的金刚石带负电的氮-空位(negatively charged nitrogen-vacancy,NV-)色心测温技术有望解决上述问题,突破现有微纳米尺度测温在芯片研制方面的应用瓶颈。鉴于此,首先综述对比了现有芯片用测温技术的特点和发展现状,而后调研分析了金刚石NV色心测温计量特性及小型化、集成化技术发展趋势,并展望了金刚石NV色心测温在芯片研制领域的技术优势和应用前景,提出其发展面临的挑战。

微纳尺度气液传质强化油品催化加氢反应

相比于经典的滴流床加氢技术,液相加氢技术由于其一次性投资成本和运行能耗低,受到了企业界和学术界的广泛关注。但如何进一步强化氢油相界面的传质速率来提高液相加氢效率,仍是一个重要的难题。近年来快速发展的微纳尺度气泡或液滴的气液传质强化技术有助于油品催化加氢反应。本文以微纳气泡为例,首先总结了微纳气泡特点及产生方式,简述了微纳尺度气液传质强化液相加氢过程可行性判别,回顾了微纳尺度气液传质强化在油品液相加氢工艺中的相关研究及工业应用。最后分析了微纳尺度气液传质强化在油品液相加氢中面临的挑战以及发展方向,即微纳尺度传质与本征反应的匹配、工况条件微纳气泡在反应器中的流动以及含微纳气泡混合物的气液分离等。

微纳富磷生物炭对土壤-苏柳系统中Cu和Pb稳定性的影响

土壤重金属污染对生态环境和人类健康造成严重威胁,生物炭作为优秀土壤改良剂,与植物联合发挥作用,是修复受重金属污染的土壤的潜力途径。以动物源生物质骨粉为原料,采用高温裂解联合湿法球磨技术,制备了两种不同粒径(<75μm和<1.0μm)的富磷生物炭(BC和MBC)。通过大棚盆栽试验,考察不同施用剂量(0、0.5%、1.0%和2.0%,w%)的BC和MBC对重金属污染土壤中Cu和Pb的赋存形态及其在苏柳172(Salix jiangsuensis ‘172’)的积累和转运影响。主要结果如下:1)通过对两种粒径的富磷生物炭进行SEM-EDS-mapping、TEM、XRD和FT-IR等分析表征,证明了富磷生物炭为含有大量的羟基磷灰石的富炭固相材料,且球磨后的MBC的比表面积和孔体积较BC可分别提升5.93倍和4.65倍;2)施用BC和MBC均能有效降低土壤Cu和Pb的生物可利用态含量,且同等剂量MBC的效果更优。在添加2%BC和MBC条件下,Cu和Pb的生物可利用态含量较对照显著降低了6.41%、17.31%和8.84%、30.31%(P<0.05);3)添加BC和MBC均显著增加了苏柳172生物量(P<0.05),显著降低了苏柳172根部中Cu和Pb的含量(P<0.05),但对苏柳172积累Cu和Pb无显著影响(P>0.05);4)BC(0-2.0%)对苏柳172的Cu和Pb生物富集和转运能力无显著影响(P>0.05),而MBC(1.0%-2%)显著提升苏柳172对Cu和Pb的生物富集和转运能力(P<0.05),2.0%MBC可使Cu和Pb的TF值分别提升101.06%和25.16%。该文对了解微纳富磷生物炭联合树木修复Cu、Pb复合污染土壤具有重要意义,可为重金属污染土壤的生态修复提供科学依据。

微流控技术制备多维纳米氧化锌及其应用进展

重点介绍了在微反应器中不同的反应条件对纳米ZnO形貌和粒径的影响,回顾了集成纳米ZnO的微流控器件在生物传感、催化降解和生物分离领域的具体应用,并简述了微反应器在ZnO量产方面的应用。分析表明,微流控技术为具有特定形态和功能化的ZnO纳米材料的开发提供了新的途径;同时,三维纳米ZnO的合成丰富了纳米材料的多样性。目前的研究工作主要集中在实验室内,对于放大生产所面临的产品变质和成本高等问题还有待研究者们解决。

贵州织金磷-稀土矿床磷块岩的矿物组成及胶磷矿中杂质元素成因

海相沉积磷块岩中常伴生较高含量的稀土元素,其中的重稀土元素含量占稀土总量的30%以上,有望成为未来重稀土元素的重要来源。我国磷块岩资源丰富,主要产于扬子克拉通西南缘的云南、贵州、四川等地。贵州织金磷矿床稀土元素含量高、规模大,其中的稀土资源达大型矿床规模,具有重要的资源意义,但对磷块岩的矿物组成及造成胶磷矿中复杂化学组成的原因仍缺乏系统的研究。本文在对贵州织金磷-稀土矿床磷块岩样品详细的岩矿相观察基础上,通过SEM/EDS、XRD、FIB-TEM、LA-ICP-MS分析,查明了磷块岩的矿物组成和胶磷矿的内部结构及其中多种杂质元素的成因。研究结果表明,颗粒结构是磷块岩最主要的结构类型,由磷质颗粒和碳酸盐胶结物组成。磷质颗粒的矿物组成复杂,主要为氟磷灰石和白云石,另含有少量石英、白云母、黄铁矿(有些氧化后成为褐铁矿)、固体沥青、重晶石,胶结物的矿物组成主要为白云石,并含少量石英、黄铁矿、重晶石和微量的锆石、金红石、铀钙石(可能为其他铀矿物氧化而成)。FIB-TEM结果表明,磷质颗粒外层的隐晶质部分(胶磷矿)由纳米级矿物集合体组成,主要为氟磷灰石,并含少量白云石、黄铁矿和有机质,其矿物组成与磷质颗粒的矿物组成相似。胶磷矿中纳米级氟磷灰石、白云石、黄铁矿和有机质的发现为解释胶磷矿中杂质元素的来源提供了依据。固体沥青和铀钙石的发现及有机质中的高的稀土元素含量也为解释磷块岩中U和稀土元素的赋存状态提供了新的证据。

碳纤维对纳米偏高岭土再生混凝土抗折强度及微观结构影响试验研究

为了充分利用再生混凝土资源,采用碳纤维对纳米偏高岭土再生混凝土抗折强度进行改性,以不同碳纤维和纳米偏高岭土掺量作为变量制备再生混凝土,结合压汞法及扫描电镜研究再生混凝土孔隙结构及微观形貌特征,分析碳纤维对纳米偏高岭土再生混凝土的改性机理。结果表明:碳纤维对再生混凝土抗折强度增强效果显著,在不同纳米偏高岭土掺量下,碳纤维适配掺量有所不同,当纳米偏高岭土掺量为7%、10%、12%时,碳纤维最佳掺量分别为0.1%、0.15%、0.2%,当纳米偏高岭土掺量为10%,碳纤维掺量为0.15%时,抗折强度达到最大值,较普通再生混凝土强度增幅为59.1%;碳纤维的掺入细化了再生混凝土内部的孔隙结构,使有害孔和多害孔的比例降低,少害孔的比例增加;碳纤维在再生混凝土内部起到承载及阻裂作用,纳米偏高岭土的填充效应以及火山灰活性增强了界面过渡区的粘接强度,使碳纤维更能发挥其作用,进而促进再生混凝土强度的提高。