Effects of Different Application Methods and Application Rates of Biological Nano-Selenium on the Quality of Passion Fruit

[Objectives]To study the effects of different application methods and application rates of biological nano-selenium on the quality of passion fruit.[Methods]In this experiment,passion fruit Tainong 1 was sprayed with biological nano-selenium.The concentration of spraying refers to the recommended application rate of biological nano-selenium manufacturers.Three treatments with different concentrations were carried out:3,4.5 and 6 L/ha biological nano-selenium was sprayed on 100%root,(50%root+50%leaf surface)and 100%leaf surface of passion fruit,respectively.[Results]From the aspects of economic cost and rational utilization of resources,spraying 3 L/ha selenium fertilizer on the leaves of passion fruit played the best role in improving the quality of passion fruit.[Conclusions]To study the selenium-rich production technology of agricultural products and improve the quality of agricultural products is of great significance for improving human health and producing high-quality agricultural products.

Evaluation and Exploration of Se-enriching Effects of Microbial Nano-selenium on Several Kinds of Vegetable

[Objectives] This study was carried out to explore the selenium-enriching effect of different crops, and provide certain references for production of selenium-enriched agricultural products. [Methods] Four kinds of crops （tomato, leaf mustard, peanut, and carrot） were exogenous selenium fertilizer treated, to explore the selenium-enriching effects on these crops. [Results] Exogenous application of microbial nano-selenium can significantly increase the selenium content of the crops, of which the effects on big tomato （Weiyanuo） were the best. After spraying, the selenium content increased by 1.39 times, and at the same time the sugar content of tomato was also increased. [Conclusions] This study is expected to provide references for increase of the selenium content of agricultural products.

Effect of nano-selenium loaded with lycium barbarum polysaccharide on the proliferation of lens epithelial cells after UVB damage in vitro

AIM:To investigate the effect of nano-selenium loaded with different concentrations of lycium barbarum polysaccharide(LBP-Se NPs)on the proliferation of human lens epithelial cells(HLECs)from UV irradiation.METHODS:LBP-Se NPs were prepared and their particle size was detected.HLECs(SRA01/04)were irradiated with UVB for different time(0,10,20,30,40,50,60 min)to construct a damaged model,the survival rate of cells was determined by methylthiazol tetrazolium(MTT)assay.The 4’,6-Diamidine-2’-phenylindole dihydrochloride(DAPI)staining was used to observe the status of cell nucleus and drug entering cytoplasm through cell membrane in SRA01/04 cells after adding LBP-SENPS loaded with coumarin fluorescence agent 24 h under fluorescence microscope.SRA01/04 normal and UVB-damaged cells were treated with different amounts of LBP-Se NPs at different concentrations,cells proliferation were observed.RESULTS:The particle size of LBP-Se NPs was stable in the range of 150-200 nm.The survival rate changes with time after UVB irradiation were statistically significant.The 10 min of UVB exposure as the time was chosen to construct the cell damage model.With DAPI staining,LBPSe NPs were observed to enter the cytoplasm through the cell membrane under fluorescence inverted microscope.Cytotoxicity of SRA01/04 at different concentrations of LBPSe NPs were measured.Cell survival rate was statistically different compared with the control group.The higher the loading concentration of LBP in nano-Se drugs was,the higher the cell proliferation rate was(P<0.05).The lower the concentration of LBP-Se NPs,the higher the cell proliferation rate,showing a negative growth trend(P<0.05).The group with the highest average cell proliferation rate was 0.5μmol/L 2.0 mg/m L LBP-Se NPs(128.80%).When the 2.0 mg/m L LBP-Se NPs group was selected for cell photography,the cell density was higher at 0.5μmol/L.With the increase of concentration,SRA01/04 cells appeared more cytoplasm dehydration,cell shrinkage and apoptotic bodies,and cell density decreased.CONCLUSION:LBP-Se NPs has moderate particle size and good stability.LBP-Se NPs can protect HLECs(SRA01/04)from UVB-induced damage,and the cell proliferation rate is further increased with increasing the amount of loaded LBP and decreasing nano-selenium concentration.

Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Nano-Selenium against Cypermethrin-Induced Liver Toxicity

Cypermethrin (Cym) is a synthetic class II pyrethroid that is widely used and has a big risk to health. Cypermethrin produces oxidative stress and enhances inflammatory damage of liver. The present study was designed to investigate the ameliorating effects of NSe against Cym-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. For this purpose, twenty four male rats were divided into three groups. Group (I) was gavaged with Cym (control group), group (II) gavaged daily with Cym (1 mg/kg body weight), and group (III) gavaged with Cym + NSe (2.5 mg kg body weight/day, three times a week) for 21 days. Cypermethrin increased serum liver enzymes, oxidative stress and inflammatory markers. Administration of NSe significantly reduced the increased serum liver enzymes and inflammatory parameters and restored the antioxidant capacity in liver. Our results suggest that Nse exhibits promising hepato-protective effects against Cym-induced oxidative damage and inflammation.

基于骨骼肌氧化应激作用探讨纳米硒提高小鼠运动耐力

以灵芝多糖(GLP)为分散剂,采用亚硒酸钠-抗坏血酸氧化还原法制备多糖纳米硒复合物(SeNPs),对SeNPs进行结构表征并探讨其对小鼠运动耐力的作用。结果表明:SeNPs颗粒大小67.25 nm,PDI为0.31,Zeta电位-66.72 mV;SeNPs和GLP红外光谱图高度相似,未发现新特征吸收峰,SeNPs重均分子量、数均分子量分别为7821.84 Da、6375.19 Da;SeNPs的最大热失重温度330℃,质量损失42.65%。与空白对照组相比,SeNPs低、中、高剂量组小鼠力竭游泳时间分别提高了12.69%、24.77%、37.84%;与运动模型组相比,SeNPs低、中、高剂量组小鼠血清肌酸激酶、乳酸脱氢酶活性和骨骼肌丙二醛含量均显著降低,抗氧化酶活性则显著升高,且上调了Nrf2和HO-1的蛋白表达。综上可知,SeNPs具有激活骨骼肌Nrf2信号通路,降低骨骼肌氧化应激水平的作用,进而提高小鼠运动耐力。

纳米硒对甜菜叶片转录组的影响

为揭示喷施外源硒对甜菜响应的分子机制,采用糖甜菜品系HD802种子作为供试材料进行水培试验,纳米硒浓度分别设置为0(喷施清水,对照),20,50,80,100,150,200 mg/L,待真叶长至8片叶时均匀地喷施纳米硒溶液,24 h后取样进行超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性和丙二醛(MDA)含量测定。经数据分析,选取50,150 mg/L的纳米硒处理叶片送检,进行转录组测定,分析差异表达基因和显著富集通路。结果表明,纳米硒50 mg/L处理对甜菜叶片生长具有促进作用,而150 mg/L处理对甜菜叶片具有破坏效果。鉴定出9 161个DEGs,其中,上调表达3 717个、下调表达5 444个;GO功能富集主要富集在信号转导、细胞通讯、膜的组成部分、膜的固有成分、初级代谢过程、有机物代谢过程和生物过程等;KEGG代谢途径主要包括植物病原互作、植物激素信号转导等途径;转录因子分析共涉及AP2、zf-Dof、HLH、WRKY、HSF_DNA-bind、NAM、zf-BED、Homeobox等11个家族。研究找到了硒处理对甜菜幼苗生长发育有促进作用的适宜浓度,初步筛选出甜菜外源硒响应的相关基因。

Effects of low and high levels of nano-selenium on intestinal microbiota of Chinese tongue sole(Cynoglossus semilaevis)

Nano-selenium(Se)has attracted growing attention due to its high bioavailability,low toxicity and its possible applications in the prevention of oxidative damage in animal tissues.Recent research works have conveyed that the use of nano-seleniumas food additive could have positive effects on the nutrition of aquatic animals.In this study,the intestinal bacterial communities associated with low and high concentrations of nano-selenium in the diet of Chinese tongue sole were characterized,through 16S rRNA V3–V4 sequencing.Samples were derived from fish fed with diet containing different nano-selenium level,0 mg/kg for the control group,1.6 mg/kg for low dose group,and 2.4 mg/kg for high dose group The intestinal microbial community structure showed a low overall diversity,among which the vibro genus occupied the most important position with more than 90%relative abundance in all three group.Significant differences in specie diversity occurred between the nanoselenium treated(both low dose[IL]and high dose[LH])groups and the control group(IC).Acinetobacter,Arthrobacter,and Streptophytes were the top three enriched genera after the treatment with nano-selenium compared to IC.Meantime,the weight gain rate of the LH group was 9%higher than control.The results revealed the effect of nano-selenium on microbial community structure of gut and growth performance of C.semilaevis,Future research exploring the interaction mechanism between micronutrients and the microbial communities would increase our understanding of the fish nutrition.

生物合成纳米硒及应用研究进展

硒在维持人体生命活动中具有重要作用,生物合成纳米硒是采用环保、可持续方法制备纳米硒颗粒(SeNPs)。与传统合成方法相比较,绿色合成SeNPs在制备过程中避免了有毒、有害化学物质,显著降低了环境污染的风险,其相关产品的安全性得到了显著提高,使其在医学、食品等领域应用广泛。在未来,绿色合成SeNPs有望在医学、环保、能源、材料科学等领域发挥重要作用。因此,对SeNPs绿色合成方法进行综述,旨在对SeNPs的合成新方法起到指引作用。综述了近年来基于植物、植物蛋白类、菌类等合成SeNPs的研究进展。

Nano-selenium alleviates cadmium-induced cerebellar injury by activating metal regulatory transcription factor 1 mediated metal response

This study aims to investigate the role of metal regulatory transcription factor 1(MTF1)-mediated metal response in cadmium(Cd)-induced cerebellar injury,and to evaluate the antagonistic effects of nanoselenium(Nano-Se)against Cd toxicity.A total of 80 chicks(1 d old,male,Hy-Line Variety White)were randomly allocated to 4 treatment groups for 3 months:the control group(fed with a basic diet,n=20),the Nano-Se group(basic diet with 1 mg/kg nano-Se 1 mg/kg Nano-Se in basic diet,n=20),the NanoSe+Cd group(basic diet with 1 mg/kg Nano-Se and 140 mg/kg Cd Cl_(2),n=20)and the Cd group(basic diet with 140 mg/kg Cd Cl_(2),n=20).The results of the experiment showed that the Purkinje cells were significantly decreased with their degradation and indistinct nucleoli after Cd exposure.Moreover,exposure to Cd caused a significant accumulation of Cd and cupper.However,the contents of Se,iron,and zinc were decreased,thereby disturbing the metal homeostasis in the cerebellum.The Cd exposure also resulted in high levels of malondialdehyde(MDA)and down regulation of selenoprotein transcriptome.Furthermore,the expressions of MTF1,metallothionein 1(MT1),MT2,zinc transporter 3(ZNT3),ZNT5,ZNT10,zrt,irt-like protein 8(ZIP8),ZIP10,transferrin(TF),ferroportin 1(FPN1),ATPase copper transporting beta(ATP7B),and copper uptake protein 1(CTR1)were inhibited by Cd exposure.However,all these changes were significantly alleviated by the supplementation of Nano-Se.This study proved that Cd could disorder metal homeostasis and induce oxidative stress,whereas Nano-Se could relieve all these negative effects caused by Cd via activating the MTF1-mediated metal response in the cerebellum of chicken.

基于硒强化因子赋型于食品载体的研究进展

硒元素在人体内含量较少,但作为人体内必需的微量元素之一,却起到了非常重要的作用。食物是人类获取硒元素的重要途径之一,其中因有机硒的安全剂量范围更广、生物利用率更高,适合作为食品的载体对人体进行硒元素补充。纳米硒可以通过与其他物质进行结合,形成具有抗炎症、预防肾病和抗癌等功效的纳米粒子。本文主要是针对硒强化因子在食品载体方面的应用进行研究归纳,以期为食品为载体进行硒元素强化提供理论基础和指导。

不同施硒浓度和施硒时间对‘晚黄油’桃硒含量及品质的影响

【目的】使用纳米有机硒作为施硒肥料,研究不同施硒浓度和施硒时期对桃果实品质和硒含量的影响,为桃树的富硒栽培提供参考依据。【方法】以桃树品种‘晚黄油’为试材,选取纳米有机硒肥,分别进行了不同时期桃树施硒试验(在‘晚黄油’第1次膨大期、硬核期和第2次膨大期施入)和桃树同一时期不同施硒浓度试验(设置20 mg·L-1、40 mg·L-1和60 mg·L-13个浓度),在桃果成熟期测定果实单果质量、纵横径、硬度、可溶性固形物质量分数、酸度、含硒量。【结果】在‘晚黄油’第1次膨大期喷施浓度为40 mg·L-1的纳米有机硒肥效果最佳,桃果的硒含量可达0.037 mg·kg-1;此外,在桃果第2次膨大期喷施浓度为60 mg·L-1的纳米有机硒肥,桃果的硒含量也可达0.037 mg·kg-1,且桃果实中维生素C含量增加了33.6%;施用纳米有机硒对桃果的单果质量、横纵径、硬度、酸度和可溶性固形物质量分数没有明显影响;桃果实的维生素C含量与硒含量有着一定的联系。【结论】建议在桃树的生产中采用浓度为60 mg·L-1的纳米有机硒肥,在第2次膨大期进行3次喷施,各次间隔10 d。

多糖-纳米硒复合物的合成方法、稳定性及生物活性研究进展

纳米硒生物利用度高且研究发现它是毒性最小的硒补充剂。纳米硒具有抗氧化、抗菌功能,可以提高机体的免疫力,具有抗肿瘤作用,可作为癌症预防剂。然而纳米硒在水溶液中容易聚集失活,限制它的生物活性。如何最大限度地保持纳米硒的活性和稳定性成为当前纳米硒的研究热点之一。具有抗氧化性、生物黏附性、无毒性的多糖可作为某些抗菌、抗氧化或营养因子的载体,形成活性复合材料,与纳米硒复合能够有效地增强纳米硒的稳定性,降低硒和多糖应用的局限性。本文综述了当前多糖和纳米硒复合的方法、多糖-纳米硒复合物稳定性的作用机制,并且探讨了多糖-纳米硒复合物的生物活性及应用趋势,为多糖-纳米硒复合物的应用提供了参考依据。

纳米硒对黄淮肉羊体内硒沉积及肉品质的影响

文章旨在研究日粮中添加纳米硒对黄淮肉羊体内硒沉积及肉品质的影响。试验将60只3月龄、体重大小一致的健康黄淮肉羊随机分为3组,Ⅰ组:基础日粮,Ⅱ组:基础日粮中添加纳米硒0.3 ppm,Ⅲ组:基础日粮中添加纳米硒0.4 ppm。预试验7 d,正式试验期60 d。结果表明:(1)与Ⅰ组相比,Ⅱ、Ⅲ组日粮中添加纳米硒可显著增加黄淮肉羊血清、心脏、肝脏、肾脏、脾脏、肺脏和背最长肌组织中的硒含量(P<0.05);(2)与Ⅰ组相比,Ⅱ、Ⅲ组日粮中添加纳米硒可显著提高黄淮肉羊血清、肝脏、背最长肌中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-PX)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)及总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)水平(P<0.05);(3)与Ⅰ组相比,Ⅱ、Ⅲ组日粮中添加纳米硒可显著提高黄淮肉羊肉色a^(*)值(P<0.05),改善肉品质。综上所述,黄淮肉羊日粮中以纳米硒作为硒源添加,可显著提高机体抗氧化能力,改善羊肉品质,各组织硒含量随日粮中纳米硒添加水平的增加而提高。

紫山药中硒元素富集特征分析

为了解紫山药对硒元素的富集特征,本研究通过田间叶面喷施及根施微生物纳米硒肥试验探究紫山药对硒的富集效果。结果表明,叶面喷施硒肥比根施更有利于紫山药对硒的富集;叶面喷施微生物纳米硒肥浓度为30 mg/L时,紫山药富集硒的含量是对照组的44.76倍;微生物纳米硒肥比亚硒酸钠更有利于紫山药对硒的富集;蛋白质与硒含量存在一定的正相关关系,相关系数R=0.43。本研究采用微生物纳米硒肥来提高紫山药含硒量,为该纳米硒肥的合理施用及效果研究提供了基础数据,也为开发含硒紫山药奠定基础。

微生物合成纳米硒-环境持久性自由基的评估

应用电子扫描电镜、电子顺磁共振波谱仪对解淀粉芽孢杆菌以亚硒酸钠为硒盐转化的纳米硒进行表征。结果表明:解淀粉芽孢杆菌转化生成的纳米硒尺寸约300 nm,大小均一,结晶度高,且在分离提纯后的纳米硒上检测到活性氧和微弱的环境持久性自由基的信号。研究结果阐释了微生物产生纳米硒的物理化学性状,并对纳米硒产生过程中一类新型物质-环境持久性自由基的产生进行了评估,为全面理解微生物转化纳米硒提供了新视角。

不同表面修饰纳米硒在模拟胃肠消化中稳定性及抗氧化活性变化

食品中常见多酚成分及维生素C在体内外容易被氧化,性质极不稳定,影响其生物活性。前期研究中通过纳米硒(selenium nanparticles,SeNPs)负载维生素C并提高多酚类物质的生物活性,然而这些纳米硒的体内稳定性仍是未知的。该实验选取绿原酸纳米硒(CGA@SeNPs)、没食子酸纳米硒(GA@SeNPs)及维生素C纳米硒(VC@SeNPs)作为研究对象,测定不同pH下纳米硒粒径变化,胃肠液消化前后DPPH自由基和ABTS阳离子自由基清除率及表面修饰剂保留量,评估不同表面修饰纳米硒在胃肠环境中稳定性。结果表明:3种不同表面修饰纳米硒在酸性和中性条件下稳定,碱性条件下不稳定;经胃肠消化后,CGA@SeNPs结构和含量最稳定;未消化前,CGA@SeNPs对DPPH自由基和ABTS阳离子自由基抗氧化活性最好;经胃消化后,CGA@SeNPs对DPPH自由基抗氧化活性最好,VC@SeNPs对ABTS阳离子自由基抗氧化活性最好;经肠消化后GA@SeNPs对DPPH自由基抗氧化活性最好,CGA@SeNPs对ABTS阳离子自由基抗氧化活性最好。综上,CGA@SeNPs在胃肠道消化中稳定性和抗氧化活性最好。

微生物合成纳米硒的研究进展

硒是维持机体正常生命活动所必需的重要微量元素,但因耐受剂量低,开发安全有效的硒源产品一直是饲用硒需要解决的问题。利用微生物合成的纳米硒具有低毒高效的特点,可有效降低饲料添加硒引起的中毒风险。本文综述近几年微生物纳米硒的研究进展,介绍了目前研究最多的两类微生物合成的纳米硒及其作用,探讨它们的还原机理和影响因素。

普洱茶-硒掺杂碳量子点和单质硒的同时制备及其在Fe3+检测中的应用

目的:为探讨普洱茶-纳米硒制备掺杂型碳量子点的可行性及其相关特性,实现水体系中Fe^(3+)的快速检测。方法:以普洱茶水提取物稳定分散的普洱茶-硒原子为掺杂原子,采用水浴法,通过优化反应温度和时间,同时制备出普洱茶-硒掺杂碳量子点(Pu-erh tea nano-selenium doped carbon quantum dots,PT-Se-CQDs)和单质硒两种物质;采用紫外-可见吸收光谱和荧光光谱等技术表征PT-Se-CQDs的紫外-可见吸收特性和荧光强度,采用透射电子显微镜、X射线光电子能谱及X射线衍射等技术表征其形态形貌、元素组成及结构特性;并以PT-Se-CQDs为荧光探针构建荧光传感器,用于水体系中Fe^(3+)检测。结果:当反应温度100℃、反应时间10 h时,可同时制备得量子产率为3.41%、平均直径约为3.1 nm的类球形PT-Se-CQDs和单质硒。Fe^(3+)对PT-Se-CQDs具有强荧光静态猝灭效应,当Fe^(3+)浓度为0~300μmol/L时,比率荧光强度(F/F_(0))与Fe^(3+)浓度呈良好的线性关系(R^(2)>0.99),Fe^(3+)的检出限低至0.2621μmol/L;纯净水和矿泉水中Fe^(3+)含量测定的加标回收率分别为90.93%~104.56%和84.53%~113.90%,RSD小于8.15%和4.00%。结论:本研究制备的PT-Se-CQDs对Fe^(3+)具有高选择性和灵敏度,以此建立的检测Fe^(3+)方法简单、快速,具有良好的应用前景。

富硒植物乳杆菌对大鳞鲃组织铅积累及氧化应激的影响

为探究铅(Pb)胁迫下富硒植物乳杆菌(Lactobacillus plantarum)对大鳞鲃(Luciobarbus capito)的保护作用,利用植物乳杆菌将无机硒转化为纳米硒并添加到鱼饲料中,选用体质量为(75.4±0.9)g的大鳞鲃,设置对照组(control,饲喂基础饲料)、铅组(水中Pb质量浓度为0.2 mg/L,饲喂基础饲料)和富硒铅组(SL+Pb,水中Pb质量浓度为0.2 mg/L,饲喂富硒饲料,纳米硒含量为5 mg/kg,植物乳杆菌含量为3.125×10^(8)CFU/kg),养殖试验共进行14 d,然后采集样本,测定各组大鳞鲃肝、肾、鳃、肠和肌肉中硒和铅的积累量,以及抗氧化酶活力和抗氧化基因表达量。结果表明:当亚硒酸钠质量浓度为200μg/mL时,培养基中植物乳杆菌菌落数量最多,达1.150×10^(7)CFU/mL,纳米硒含量为184μg/mL,电镜下可观察到球形纳米硒颗粒(SeNPs);富硒铅组鱼体各组织中硒的积累量显著高于对照组和铅组(P<0.05),铅组鱼体肝、肾、鳃和肌肉组织中的硒含量均显著低于对照组(P<0.05),但肠道中硒含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05);铅组和富硒铅组鱼体各组织中铅的积累量显著高于对照组(P<0.05),铅组鱼体各组织中铅的积累量依次为鳃>肝>肾>肠>肌肉,富硒铅组鱼体铅的积累量显著低于铅组(P<0.05);富硒植物乳杆菌能够显著提高铅胁迫下鱼体肾和鳃组织中过氧化氢酶(CAT)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GPx)的活性(P<0.05),显著降低丙二醛(MDA)含量(P<0.05);铅组和富硒铅组鱼体肾组织中抗氧化基因Nrf2、HO-1和GPx表达量显著降低(P<0.05),与铅组相比,富硒铅组这些指标显著增加(P<0.05)。研究表明,在含铅水体胁迫下,饲料中添加富硒植物乳杆菌能够降低鱼体各组织中的铅积累量,缓解铅胁迫下鱼体的氧化应激。

叶面喷施生物纳米硒对欧李果实品质和硒含量的影响

以欧李品种农大7号为试材,在果实硬核期、转色期、着色期喷施不同浓度的生物纳米硒,研究其对果实品质和硒含量的影响。结果表明,与清水对照相比,喷施3次生物纳米硒50倍液,果实可溶性固形物含量增加了6.67%,可滴定酸含量降低了15.79%,果实硒含量增加了近8倍,为0.0148 mg/kg,达到我国富硒食品标准。