Investigation on Sinipercine Fishes in the National Aquatic Germplasm Resources Protection Area in Jinjiang River of China

[Objective]The paper was to provide a scientific basis for protection and utilization of sinipercine fish resources in Jinjiang River,the national resources protection area. [Method]A total of 171 specimens of sinipercine were collected from Jinjiang River and its branches,identified and statistically counted.[Result]There were three species of wild sinipercine,including Siniperca scherzeri,Coreoperca whiteheadi and Siniperca kneri,with occurrence frequencies of100%,66. 7% and 50%,respectively. They were common species in the river,and S. scherzeri was dominant. The total allowable catch(TAC) of the three species was not big,and the individuals captured were generally small,and with rare mature individuals. [Conclusion]The resources of sinipercine had a preliminary recovery in the region after the foundation of the national resources protection area for aquatic resources in Jinjiang River in 2009.

Temporal and Spatial Differentiation of Cultural Heritage in Jingzhou Area of National Great Site Protection and Its Influencing Factors

In the context of territorial spatial planning,the overall coordinated protection has become a consensus in the field of cultural heritage protection,and the study on the spatial and temporal pattern of trans-regional cultural heritage is of great significance to the overall protection.Based on the cultural relics protection units in Jingzhou area of national great site protection,the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics and influencing factors of cultural heritage resources were studied with the help of ArcGIS.The data show that on the whole,the cultural heritage in Jingzhou area of national great site protection presented the time series of “a large span,more at two ends” and the spatial distribution pattern of “one main,two secondary and three cores”.Cultural heritage in different historical periods had the characteristics of differentiated regional aggregation.The formation of the spatial pattern of different types of cultural heritage was closely related to the local historical and cultural background.Cultural heritage was affected by rivers,terrain,transportation,land,culture and other factors.It was mainly distributed along rivers in areas with little topographic fluctuation and low altitudes.The development and construction of cultural heritage sites were weak,and the ecological foundation was poor.However,the traffic accessibility was good,and the cultural heritage was deep.The research results are expected to provide a scientific basis for guiding the large site protection area to strengthen the integrated protection of cultural resources.

Conclusions on the Implementation of Regulation of the National Significant Seismic Monitoring and Protection Regions from 1996 to 2012 in the Chinese Mainland

The regulation of the National Significant Seismic Monitoring and Protection Regions(NSSMPR for short) is defined by the Law of the Peoples Republic of China on Protecting Against and Mitigating Earthquake Disasters.The first stage of implementation of the regulation of NSSMPR in the Chinese mainland was finished from 1996 to 2005.The second stage is being carried on from 2006 to 2020.With the support of the National Social Science Foundation,this paper follows up and evaluates the implementation of the regulation of NSSMPR from 1996 to 2012 in the Chinese mainland.Based on analysis of earthquake examples and investigation data,we find that the effect of disaster mitigation is good,and on this basis,some suggestions are proposed to improve the regulation of NSSMPR.

New Realms and New Highlights in the Legal Protection of Human Rights——Theoretical and Practical Innovations in the Legal Protection of Human Rights Since the 18th CPC National Congress

Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China （CPC）, the system for the legal protection of human rignts under socialism with Chinese characteristics has experienced innowtive development. In particular, the Decision on Certain Key Issues on Comprehensively Deepening Reform, which was adopted by the Third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee, has made major reform arrangements related to the system and mechanisms for the legal protection of human rights under socialism with Chinese characteristics. Taking the theoretical and practical innovations since the 18th CPC National Congress in the protection of human rights as its perspective, this, article discusses new realms and new highlights in the legal protection of human rights.

资本市场健康发展与统一大市场建设:破除中国地方保护的政治经济分析

加快建设全国统一大市场是构建新发展格局的基础支撑和内在要求,促进要素资源在更大范围内顺畅流动首先必须要打破地方保护和市场分割。在政治经济学范式下,对中国资本市场健康发展与统一大市场建设过程中所面临的地方保护主义进行深入研究,可以发现地方市场分割和资本无序扩张的历史、发展和动因以及地方市场分割与资本无序扩张之间的演进关系,从而进一步评估中国资本市场相关政策的治理效果,并在此基础上提出规范资本市场发展以破除地方保护主义的有效途径。地方市场分割加剧了资本无序扩张,导致地区间及产业间资本配置失衡,严重影响中国资源配置效率,不利于全国统一大市场建设,中国应加快健全资本市场法律法规,建设统一开放的资本市场,实现经济的高质量发展。

技术性贸易壁垒下的中国国家经济安全研究与分析

技术性贸易壁垒是影响各国经济安全的重要因素,我国国家经济安全也深受影响。技术性贸易壁垒是各国变相实施贸易保护主义的新形式,是指通过技术标准和认证等手段限制进口产品的贸易壁垒。近年来,技术性贸易壁垒在全球范围内呈现出聚焦能源和环境领域、向价值链上游高端环节延伸的趋势。这些壁垒具有涵盖产品种类多样、以欧美主导和复杂性的特征,是国家利益在特定市场发生竞争性冲突的结果。技术性贸易壁垒的冲击直接影响了微观企业的经济状态,引发了行业以及地区维度的波动,使其产业链发生结构性调整,并通过国内外市场双向联动以及产品,劳动力市场双方均衡作用等途径深刻影响了微观主体乃至宏观经济的稳定状态,从而深刻影响国家经济安全。

建设全国统一大市场的法治难题与应对策略

站在新的历史起点上,党中央、国务院提出了构建“双循环”的新发展格局,建设全国统一大市场是构建新发展格局的基础支撑和内在要求。建设全国统一大市场进程中的政府与市场关系、宏观调控、市场规制、公平竞争和市场监管等核心议题与经济法治存在天然的耦合。从现实来看,建设全国统一大市场面临经济法治统一难题、地方保护主义难题、地方市场监管难题、要素市场配置难题和营商环境改善难题,解决这些难题要求经济法治的介入。在分析当前存在的问题的基础上,提出了五个方面的应对策略:一是严格落实党的方针政策和确保法律法规适用统一,二是从完善现有立法安排和树立执法权威入手破除行政垄断,三是推进市场监管体系和监管能力现代化助推监管效能提升,四是推进要素市场化配置科学化规范化和法治化,五是着力打造公平、透明、可预期和法治化的营商环境。

“博弈”视角下的美国国家公园发展理念对中国的启示--评National Parks:The American Experience

目前,我国正处于国家公园体制稳步推进,自然保护地体系转型重构的关键时期,明确国家公园的发展思路与理念是我们亟待解决的关键问题。National Parks:The American Experience一书较为全面地探讨了美国国家公园体系的发展历程及发展理念变迁,讲述了联邦政府、铁路公司和环保组织等利益团体围绕"国家公园该如何发展"这条主线展开的一系列博弈过程,涵盖了重要的历史事件、关键的推动性人物及相关开创性法案等内容。书中对推动美国国家公园发展的思潮和理念做了总结回顾,尤其是国家公园应该"保护什么"以及"如何保护"的思考,对完善我国国家公园体制、重构自然保护地体系具有一定的借鉴和启示意义。

Acacia mearnsii management in a South African National Parks：SWOT analysis using hot topics in biological invasion as a guide

The assessment of the policy framework governing Invasive Alien Species(IAS) control is of critical importance in conservation. The undertaking of a SWOT analysis of such a framework is necessary because it enhances the efficacy of IAS control. The aim of this study is to carry out a SWOT analysis of the policy framework guiding the control of the spreading of Acacia mearnsii and other IAS in the Golden Gate Highlands National Park in South Africa,as well as the implementation of restorative measures in the park and adjacent communities in line with the recommendations of the Convention on Biodiversity. A comparative analysis of this framework and the hierarchical framework that was developed during the European Union Conference on Freshwater Invasives- Networking for Strategy in 2013 is undertaken. The results indicate the need to strengthen parkcommunity relations,upgrade existing legislation,and boost the technical capacity of South African national parks to identify,detect,monitor and predict IAS invasions,both within the parks and their surroundings. This knowledge is important for developing future policies on IAS control in South Africa.

Risk Factors Associated with Non-Compliance with Respiratory Protection Programs among Firefighters

Non-compliance with respiratory protection programs among firefighters may put them at increased risk of injury and illness from occupational exposures during fire extinguishing activities. This research aims to characterize respiratory protection practices among Florida firefighters. This information will allow better understanding of factors that are associated with non-compliance with respiratory protection guidelines. A survey questionnaire was used to characterize Florida fire departments in this cross-sectional study. Four hundred and seventy-seven surveys were administered to Florida firefighters both in person and electronically to collect information regarding firefighter knowledge and participation in their respective respiratory protection programs during the past twelve months. Survey questions were developed from the model set by the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) which provides standards and regulations regarding firefighter protections. Summary statistics regarding firefighter department size, coverage area, and firefighter employment type were produced. Multinomial logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate factors that impact respiratory protection programs. The 477 respondents were 91% male with a mean age of 39 years old (range 21 - 65 years). The majority of respondents, 76%, were non-smokers, 21% former smokers, and 3% current smokers. In regard to ethnicity, respondents were 77% Caucasian, 13% Hispanic, 3% African American, and 4% other. Most respondents were career firefighters, 97%, with less than ten years of experience, 44%, working in a fire department with at least 21 firefighters, 98%. Most respondents, 80%, had a written respiratory program in place. The most cited reason for not having implemented a written respiratory protection program was lack of knowledge related to the program. Multinomial logistic regression analysis of departments with response areas of at least 250,000 square miles produced a statistically significant 0.444 (0.219 - 0.901 CI) odds ratio for having a written respiratory program as compared to those with a less than 10,000 square miles response area. Additional resources need to be given to Florida fire departments to ensure that all firefighters receive adequate respiratory protection in accordance with NFPA guidelines. There is an association between fire departments with large response areas and non-compliance with respiratory protection guidelines in regard to: having a written respiratory program, the frequency of respiratory fit testing, and the frequency of medical fitness testing. This suggests that rural fire departments need additional resources to ensure firefighters are adequately protected. Additional research should focus on why these differences exist in the rural fire departments. Respondents stating a lack of knowledge or no requirement for a written respiratory program suggest that future efforts should focus on respiratory protection education and training.

美国外资审查制度的变迁及其对中国的影响

特朗普上任以来,为了贯彻其"美国优先"的理念,采取了一系列经济民族主义的政策措施。在投资领域,其以所谓"国家安全"为由强化了对外资的安全审查。2018年,美国政府完成了旨在进一步加强外国投资委员会相关执法功能的立法程序,这成为美国外资准入制度的一次重大变革。目前,外国投资委员会日趋严格的国家安全审查机制正在成为中国对美投资的最大障碍。随着中国经济的成长,中美经贸关系的互补性正在减弱,竞争性逐渐增强,美国正在构建的投资壁垒和关税壁垒就是对这种经贸格局变化的反应,它对双边经贸关系的发展造成负面影响,从而进一步削弱了经贸关系作为中美关系"压舱石"的作用。在此背景下,中国政府与企业都需要充分研究美国安全审查机制的变化以及美国投资保护主义兴起的原因,精心准备应对措施,确保中国的投资利益和投资安全都能得到有效保障。

经济全球化下我国民族工业的法律保护

经济全球化和加入WTO对中国民族工业的影响是显而易见的,同时这也是一个颇为敏感的问题。经济全球化更新了传统的民族工业的概念。经济全球化犹如一把双刃剑,既给国内相关产业造成振荡和冲击,但与此同时亦带来了经济发展的机遇。本文着重就民族工业的概念、民族工业和贸易保护的关系、经济全球化和加入WTO给中国民族工业带来的压力与挑战以及如何在经济全球化背景下依法保护我国民族工业等问题进行了探讨。

贸易摩擦下的国家利益博弈:评美韩自由贸易协定的修订

"美韩自由贸易协定"是继"北美自由贸易协定"又一个被美国要求修订的重要协议。从协议修订的内容上看,"美韩自由贸易协定"的改动并没有像"美墨加协定"那么大。这也反映了美国要求修订"美韩自由贸易协定"的真正动机不仅仅是表面上的贸易赤字,也有美国国内政治博弈和转嫁国内经济风险、缓解社会矛盾等更深层次原因。美韩自由贸易协定的修订反映出特朗普政府在"美国优先"的基本国策下,采取单边主义的对外经济政策的总体态势,对已经与美国签署或正在与美国谈判的贸易协定带来不好的先例。面对美国的经贸单边主义政策,中国也应积极探索中美贸易摩擦的解法,在通过战略经济对话稳定中美关系的同时,也要继续推动自主开放与经济改革。

特朗普政府投资领域国家安全审查制度的新变化及其趋势解析

随着我国"走出去"战略的实施,我国企业海外并购取得了令人瞩目的成绩,与此同时,企业遭遇来自东道国的投资壁垒也愈加频繁。结合近些年我国企业跨国并购遭遇美国国家安全审查的典型案例,本文针对特朗普执政以来美国投资领域国家安全审查制度的新趋势进行研究。研究发现:(1)"敏感资产"内涵扩大,国家安全审查趋于严格;(2)美国总统利用否决权将更加频繁,且这个趋势在特朗普政府的领导之下将会进一步升级;(3)美国外国投资委员会管辖范围由国内扩展至国外,国家安全壁垒概念将超出东道国范畴。在这一背景下,我国需积极筹划应对措施,遏制投资保护主义抬头,建立新的国际投资新秩序势在必行。同时,我国企业自身应主动出击,积极应诉,利用法律维护自身合法权益。

特朗普政府国家经济安全战略正威胁世界经济安全

西方资本主义世界经济体系存在难以根治的制度性安全问题,缺乏开放的安全合作机制。不合理的世界经济规则和秩序,使资本主义世界成为不平衡的、不安全的体系。特朗普政府采取美国优先的安全战略,以国家安全的名义推行贸易保护主义、霸权主义和长臂管辖政策,破坏世界经济分工秩序、贸易平衡和供应链关系,破坏世界贸易规则及秩序,不仅未增强自身经济安全,而且危及世界经济以及别国政治经济安全。

国际投资保护主义对外资流动影响的实证研究——基于美国国家安全审查机制的量化分析

国际投资保护主义能够影响外资流动,而国家安全审查制度是国际投资保护主义最重要的表现形式。选取美国国家安全审查作为解释变量,通过面板数据模型对此进行实证检验,检验结果不仅证明了国际投资保护主义的负面影响,而且显示出很强的针对性和歧视性。

印度对华贸易保护新趋势及原因分析

中国和印度作为两个发展中大国,在国际政治经济舞台上发挥了重要作用。近年来,中印双边贸易增长迅速,中国成为印度的第一大贸易伙伴,但随之而来的却是印度对华贸易保护呈现愈演愈烈之势。在WTO成员国中,印度是金融危机以来对我国发起贸易救济案件最多的国家。分析中印双边贸易概况以及印度对华贸易保护的新趋势,从国际收支理论、保护就业论、产业结构竞争性、国际生命周期理论四个角度深入阐述印度对华贸易保护的诱因并有针对性改进,以改善中印贸易关系。

加快建设全国统一大市场的基本思路与重点举措

全国统一大市场是市场发展到一定程度后出现的一种高级形态,涉及时间、空间等不同维度,关系到制度规则、市场监管、商贸流通、城乡区域、基础设施等不同领域。当前,我国统一市场建设在基础制度、经济政策、要素市场、流通体系、市场监管等方面仍存在一定障碍。相关问题产生有央地财政关系未理顺、政绩考核制度不合理、法律法规体系不健全、重点领域改革进程慢等原因。加快推进全国统一大市场建设,要做好统一和统筹、协同和共享、培育和畅通、清理和破除、规范和整顿五方面的重点工作,确立公平竞争审查、现代市场监管体系建设、要素市场化改革、区域协同发展、市场交易平台和现代流通体系建设五大政策支柱,落实好建章立制和破除壁垒两方面政策,不断提高政策的统一性、规则的一致性、执行的协同性。