With the deepening of globalization,geographically speaking,East Asian countries have proceeded from their respective realist positions and tried to promote the successful practice of economic cooperation between coun...With the deepening of globalization,geographically speaking,East Asian countries have proceeded from their respective realist positions and tried to promote the successful practice of economic cooperation between countries after the Cold War into a discussion of new regionalism in East Asia and Asia-Pacificism.Although the prototype of the“East Asia Community”led by Association of Southeast Asian Nations(ASEAN)gradually emerged,the successful practice of the East Asia Summit proved that the low-binding regional integration model led by ASEAN has a high probability of becoming a classic sample of the“East Asia Community”.It not only maintains regional stability,promotes regional cooperation,shapes regional norms,but also builds a collective identity within the region.However,in today’s world,isolationism which takes the supremacy of national interests as the supremacy has risen.It is difficult to internalize the value identity into a super-national model that breaks through the principles of realism,breakthroughs in interests,and the power framework.The thorny issues pose various challenges to the nation-states in the region trying to integrate into regional integration.The openness of East Asian regionalism has led to the persistent illness of its generalization.In the context of insufficient political mutual trust among regional countries,intensified competition among major powers,and continued weakening of ASEAN leadership,it is often prone to controversy and doubt when proposing new cooperation initiatives or ideas.The idea of the“East Asia Community”that once guided East Asian cooperation and was temporarily ignored now is still the most realistic choice.Although the theoretical construction and practical roads of East Asian regionalism are full of thorns,difficulties coexist with opportunities.With the extensive participation of countries in the region,the optimization and reconstruction of the East Asian cooperation model will be worth looking forward to.展开更多
The horrific Nanjing Massacre is burned into the pages of war history at home and abroad. Many fiction writers have made it their subject, but literary research on the issue is comparatively weak and does not go beyon...The horrific Nanjing Massacre is burned into the pages of war history at home and abroad. Many fiction writers have made it their subject, but literary research on the issue is comparatively weak and does not go beyond the analysis of individual works. This makes it desirable to conduct comprehensive research on the Nanjing Massacre in Chinese and overseas fiction from the perspective of the nation-state concept. Chinese, Japanese, overseas Chinese and Western writers have joined in narrating the Nanjing Massacre from different discourse standpoints. Some interpretations of the Japanese forces＇ brutality have focused on the terrible slaughter, while others have focused on rape. In terms of writing style, there are two approaches： writing from the eyes of the top brass and from the eyes of the foot soldier. Chinese writers＇ narratives of the massacre see it in terms of a calamity that aroused Chinese resistance. Conceptually, they differ in depicting the struggle as involving the nationalism of the whole people, class nationalism, and party political nationalism. Japanese writers＇ works include faithful descriptions and historical self-examination, but also engage in the spiritual slaughter of the Chinese people. Western writers and American writers of Chinese origin write fiction imbued with religious feelings and reflections on human nature and life.Their work is however flawed by Eurocentrism; they turn the massacre into a story of the West rescuing China. In recent years, biographies of the prostitutes of the Qinhuai River and works singing the praises of foreign missionaries have been at the forefront of narratives of the Nanjing Massacre. We should take heed of this and reflect on it.展开更多
From the mid 1800s,modern Lebanon began to emerge as a state.Lebanon,as“the eternal homeland”,had been accepted by the Maronites,the Sunnis and the Druze as a general principle and the foundation of nation-state con...From the mid 1800s,modern Lebanon began to emerge as a state.Lebanon,as“the eternal homeland”,had been accepted by the Maronites,the Sunnis and the Druze as a general principle and the foundation of nation-state construction.The Shi'ite sectarian identity based on the leading role of the traditional feudal zu'ama was challenged by Arab nationalism in the mid 1900s,and was replaced by a new sectarian identity,based on the Shi'ite political organizations and sectarian militias.This new Lebanese Shi'ite collective identity is featured by a pro-Iranian and pro-Syrian position,and has become a big challenge to the nation-state construction of Lebanon.展开更多
文摘With the deepening of globalization,geographically speaking,East Asian countries have proceeded from their respective realist positions and tried to promote the successful practice of economic cooperation between countries after the Cold War into a discussion of new regionalism in East Asia and Asia-Pacificism.Although the prototype of the“East Asia Community”led by Association of Southeast Asian Nations(ASEAN)gradually emerged,the successful practice of the East Asia Summit proved that the low-binding regional integration model led by ASEAN has a high probability of becoming a classic sample of the“East Asia Community”.It not only maintains regional stability,promotes regional cooperation,shapes regional norms,but also builds a collective identity within the region.However,in today’s world,isolationism which takes the supremacy of national interests as the supremacy has risen.It is difficult to internalize the value identity into a super-national model that breaks through the principles of realism,breakthroughs in interests,and the power framework.The thorny issues pose various challenges to the nation-states in the region trying to integrate into regional integration.The openness of East Asian regionalism has led to the persistent illness of its generalization.In the context of insufficient political mutual trust among regional countries,intensified competition among major powers,and continued weakening of ASEAN leadership,it is often prone to controversy and doubt when proposing new cooperation initiatives or ideas.The idea of the“East Asia Community”that once guided East Asian cooperation and was temporarily ignored now is still the most realistic choice.Although the theoretical construction and practical roads of East Asian regionalism are full of thorns,difficulties coexist with opportunities.With the extensive participation of countries in the region,the optimization and reconstruction of the East Asian cooperation model will be worth looking forward to.
文摘The horrific Nanjing Massacre is burned into the pages of war history at home and abroad. Many fiction writers have made it their subject, but literary research on the issue is comparatively weak and does not go beyond the analysis of individual works. This makes it desirable to conduct comprehensive research on the Nanjing Massacre in Chinese and overseas fiction from the perspective of the nation-state concept. Chinese, Japanese, overseas Chinese and Western writers have joined in narrating the Nanjing Massacre from different discourse standpoints. Some interpretations of the Japanese forces＇ brutality have focused on the terrible slaughter, while others have focused on rape. In terms of writing style, there are two approaches： writing from the eyes of the top brass and from the eyes of the foot soldier. Chinese writers＇ narratives of the massacre see it in terms of a calamity that aroused Chinese resistance. Conceptually, they differ in depicting the struggle as involving the nationalism of the whole people, class nationalism, and party political nationalism. Japanese writers＇ works include faithful descriptions and historical self-examination, but also engage in the spiritual slaughter of the Chinese people. Western writers and American writers of Chinese origin write fiction imbued with religious feelings and reflections on human nature and life.Their work is however flawed by Eurocentrism; they turn the massacre into a story of the West rescuing China. In recent years, biographies of the prostitutes of the Qinhuai River and works singing the praises of foreign missionaries have been at the forefront of narratives of the Nanjing Massacre. We should take heed of this and reflect on it.
文摘From the mid 1800s,modern Lebanon began to emerge as a state.Lebanon,as“the eternal homeland”,had been accepted by the Maronites,the Sunnis and the Druze as a general principle and the foundation of nation-state construction.The Shi'ite sectarian identity based on the leading role of the traditional feudal zu'ama was challenged by Arab nationalism in the mid 1900s,and was replaced by a new sectarian identity,based on the Shi'ite political organizations and sectarian militias.This new Lebanese Shi'ite collective identity is featured by a pro-Iranian and pro-Syrian position,and has become a big challenge to the nation-state construction of Lebanon.
